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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_182_библиотеки_им_акад_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
TISSUE DAMAGE FROM ARACHNIDS AND INSECTS
p
p
Microscopic Features
(Left) Spongiosis,
intraepidermal blister
formation, and prominent
apillary dermal edema may
be seen in bites. Wedgeshaped, perivascular, moderate
to dense lymphocytic infiltrate
with eosinophils is typical.
(From DP: Nonneoplastic
Derm.) (Right) A tick attached
to the skin is shown .
Moderately dense perivascular
mixed cell infiltrate is seen
. An intradermal cavity
and necrosis are also
visible, below which mouth
arts may be seen. (From DP:
Nonneoplastic Derm.)
(Left) The ulcer and
coagulative necrosis in the
epidermis and dermis, as
well as neutrophilic, bandlike infiltrate around
the edge of the eschar/
ulcer , are shown. Note
thrombosed blood vessels
from vasculitis. (From
DP: Nonneoplastic Derm.)
(Right) Zone of eosinophilic
staining is recognizable as
"mummified" coagulative
necrosis surrounded by
neutrophilic infiltrate in the
deep dermis, resulting in total
Infestations and Other Invertebrate-Related Maladies: Indirect Evidence of Invertebrates in Tissue
necrosis of the skin. (From DP:
Nonneoplastic Derm.)
(Left) A chronic bite lesion
shows mouth parts of
the tick in the intradermal
necrotic tract, surrounded
by dense, diffuse, superficial,
and deep mixed cell infiltrate
of fewer neutrophils and
more lymphocytes. Fibrin
thrombi may be seen in
dermal capillaries. (From DP:
Nonneoplastic Derm.) (Right)
Low-power view shows a skin
biopsy from a patient with a
remote history of an insect
bite (presumably a tick) that
healed as a nodular scar
with chronic infiltrates .
VI
2
8
TISSUE DAMAGE FROM ARACHNIDS AND INSECTS
Organism Identification
Infestations and Other Invertebrate-Related Maladies: Indirect Evidence of Invertebrates in Tissue
(Left) An adult male dog
tick (Dermacentor variabilis)
is shown with a plug of
skin . Skin frequently
remains attached to the
tick’s mouth parts after it has
been removed with forceps.
(Courtesy R. Pollack, PhD.)
(Right) An adult female
black legged (deer) tick,
Ixodes scapularis (formerly,
Ixodes dammini), is shown. It
was removed from a person
intact and had been feeding
for < 1 day. (Courtesy R.
Pollack, PhD.)
(Left) An Anopheles gambiae
mosquito, which transmits
malaria, is shown. Mosquitos
are one of the most common
vectors of arthropodtransmitted diseases.
(Courtesy J. Gathany, CDC/
PHIL.) (Right) Wasps,
ants, and bees all have 4
life cycle stages, 2 paired
membranous wings, chewing
mouth parts, and colonial
lifestyle. The bite or sting of
these creatures occurs when
threatened and may cause
local irritation or necrosis,
depending on the host
reaction. (Courtesy CDC/
PHIL.)
(Left) Scutigera coleoptrata,
or common house
centipede, demonstrates its
many pairs of legs. The bite
of a centipede is venomous
and causes extreme pain to
human recipients although
it is generally nontoxic.
(Courtesy Dr. G. Alpert,
CDC/PHIL.) (Right) Tityus
trinitatis, a black scorpion
native to Trinidad, is shown.
The sting of a scorpion is
venomous and may cause a
range of reactions including,
for this species, pancreatitis
due to hyperstimulation.
(Courtesy CDC/PHIL.)
VI
2
9
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INDEX
5th disease. See Parvovirus B19 infections.
7-year itch. See Scabies.
A
Absidia spp., III(1):36
Acanthamoeba spp., IV(1):2,34–36,38–39
Achalasia, American trypanosomiasis vs., IV(1):41
Acid-fast bacilli, II(2):60–69. See also Mycobacteria other
than tuberculosis infections; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex infections.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). See also
Human immunodeficiency virus infections.
- HIV infections vs., I(2):19
- Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8)
infections association with, I(1):20,21,23
- polyomavirus infections association with, I(1):28
- varicella encephalitis associated with, I(1):39
Acremonium spp.
- fusariosis and other hyalohyphomycoses, III(2):2,3
- mycetoma, III(1):42
- scedosporiosis vs., III(2):5
Actinomadura spp., III(1):42
Actinomyces israeli, II(1):10–11
Actinomyces meyeri, II(1):10
Actinomyces viscosus, II(1):10
Actinomycetoma. See Mycetoma.
Actinomycosis, II(1):10–11
- Actinomyces israeli, II(1):10–11
- Actinomyces meyeri, II(1):10
- Actinomyces viscosus, II(1):10
- ancillary tests, II(1):11
- brucellosis vs., II(2):38
- diagnostic checklist, II(1):11
- differential diagnosis, II(1):11
- image findings, II(1):10
- macroscopic features, II(1):11
- nocardiosis vs., II(1):21
Actinomycotic mycetoma. See Mycetoma.
Acute interstitial nephritis, polyomavirus infections vs.,
I(1):30
Acute interstitial pneumonia, severe acute respiratory
syndrome vs., I(2):37
Acute tubular necrosis, polyomavirus infections vs., I(1):30
Acute tubulointerstitial rejection, polyomavirus infections
vs., I(1):30
Adenoviridae, I(1):2
Adenovirus infections, I(1):2–5
- ancillary tests, I(1):3–4
- arbovirus infections vs., I(2):4
- cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) infections vs.,
I(1):8
-
diagnostic checklist, I(1):4
- differential diagnosis, I(1):4
- herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) infections
vs., I(1):18
- influenza virus infections vs., I(2):23
- lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections vs., I(2):27
- parainfluenza virus infections vs., I(2):24
- pertussis vs., II(1):7
- polyomavirus infections vs. adenovirus tubulointerstitial
nephritis, I(1):30
- respiratory syncytial virus infections vs., I(1):53
- rhinovirus infections vs., I(2):24
- rotavirus infections vs., I(2):33
Adiaspiromycosis, coccidioidomycosis vs., III(1):23
Adult respiratory distress syndrome, pneumocystosis vs.,
III(1):53
Adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL), I(2):16–17
Aedes mosquitos, I(2):3,5, V(1):6
Afipia felis, IV(1):48
African sleeping sickness. See African trypanosomiasis.
African trypanosomiasis, IV(1):20–21
- ancillary tests, IV(1):21
- differential diagnosis, IV(1):21
- macroscopic features, IV(1):20
- Trypanosoma brucei, IV(1):2,20
AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Aleppo button. See Leishmaniasis.
Allergic rhinitis
- parainfluenza virus infections vs., I(2):24
- rhinovirus infections vs., I(2):24
Allergies, Trichuris suis therapy, V(1):14
Alternaria spp., III(1):50
Alzheimer disease, prion diseases vs., I(2):40
Amebiasis. See Entamebiasis.
Amebic dysentery. See Entamebiasis.
American leishmaniasis. See Leishmaniasis.
American trypanosomiasis, IV(1):40–41
- ancillary tests, IV(1):41
- diagnostic checklist, IV(1):41
- differential diagnosis, IV(1):41
- histoplasmosis vs., III(1):33
- macroscopic features, IV(1):41
- radiographic findings, IV(1):40
- Trypanosoma cruzi, IV(1):40–41,49
Amoeba, classification, IV(1):2
Anaerobes
-
gram-negative
Bacteroides spp., II(2):6–8, IV(1):11
Fusobacterium necrophorum, II(2):7–8
Fusobacterium nucleatum, II(2):6–9
Fusobacterium spp., II(2):6–9
Porphyromonas spp., II(2):6
Prevotella spp., II(2):6
i
INDEX
Veillonella spp., II(2):6
- nonsporulating gram-positive
Bifidobacterium spp., II(2):6
Finegoldia (Peptostreptococcus) magna, II(2):6
Lactobacillus spp., II(2):6
Parvimonas (Micromonas, Peptostreptococcus) micros,
II(2):6,9
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, II(2):6
Propionibacterium acnes, II(2):6
- sporulating, gram-positive
Clostridium botulinum, II(2):6,7
Clostridium difficile, II(2):4,6–9
Clostridium perfringens, II(2):6–8
Clostridium septicum, II(2):6–8
Clostridium sordellii, II(2):6–7
Clostridium tetani, II(2):6–7
Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis, II(1):2–5
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum, II(1):2–4
- ancillary tests, II(1):4
- babesiosis vs., IV(1):23
- coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia,
II(2):52, IV(1):2,22
- diagnostic checklist, II(1):4
- differential diagnosis, II(1):4
- Ehrlichia chaffeensis, II(1):2–4
- Ehrlichia ewingii, II(1):2–4
- Ehrlichia muris, II(1):2,4
- human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), II(1):2–3
- tick vectors, II(1):2–3
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, human T-lymphotropic
virus type I infections vs., I(2):17
Ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis, V(1):2–3,16–18
- ancillary tests, V(1):18
- Ancylostoma spp., V(1):2–3,16–18
- ascariasis vs., V(1):5
- diagnostic checklist,
-
differential diagnosis, V(1):3,18
- macroscopic features, V(1):3
- Necator americanus, V(1):2–3
- strongyloidiasis vs., V(1):13
- trichuriasis vs., V(1):15
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, human T-
lymphotropic virus type I infections vs., I(2):17
Angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
(HHV-8) infections vs., I(1):22
Angiostrongyliasis, V(1):16–18
Anisakiasis, V(1):16–18
Anncaliia algerae, IV(1):16
Anncaliia connori, IV(1):16
Anncaliia vesicularum, IV(1):16
Anopheles mosquitos, IV(1):24, V(1):6, VI(2):9
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
- cutaneous anthrax, II(2):2–4
- cutaneous diphtheria vs., II(2):12
- gastrointestinal anthrax, II(2):2,4
- gram-negative zoonotic pathogen infections vs., II(2):38
- pulmonary anthrax, II(2):2–4
Apicomplexa, classification, IV(1):2–3
Apophysomyces spp., III(1):36
V(1):3,18
Arachnids and insects, tissue damage from, VI(2):2–9. See
also Mites; Mosquitos; Ticks.
- brown recluse spider bite, II(2):4, VI(2):2,5
- cutaneous anthrax vs., II(2):4
- diagnostic checklist, VI(2):4
- differential diagnosis, VI(2):4
- macroscopic features, VI(2):3,5
- organism identification, VI(2):6–7,9
Arbovirus infections, I(2):2–5
- ancillary tests, I(2):4
- diagnostic checklist, I(2):4
- differential diagnosis, I(2):4
- lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections vs., I(2):27
- magnetic resonance image findings, I(2):3,5
- rabies virus infections vs., I(1):51
- vectors, I(2):3,5
- virus families, I(2):2–3
Arenaviridae, I(2):26,43–44
Arsenic toxicity, African trypanosomiasis vs., IV(1):21
Arthropod bite, scabies vs., VI(1):5
Ascariasis, V(1):4–5
-
ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis vs., V(1):3
- Ascaris lumbricoides, V(1):4–5
- diagnostic checklist, V(1):5
- differential diagnosis, V(1):5
- macroscopic features, V(1):4–5
- trematode infections vs., V(2):9
Aspergillosis, III(1):2–7
- A. flavus, III(1):2–3
- A. fumigatus, III(1):2–3
- A. niger, III(1):2–3
- A. terreus, III(1):2–3
- ancillary tests, III(1):4
- brucellosis vs., II(2):38
- candidiasis vs., III(1):16
- concurrent mucormycosis infections, III(1):38
- differential diagnosis, III(1):5
- fusariosis and other hyalohyphomycoses vs., III(2):3
- mucormycosis vs., III(1):38
- mycetoma, III(1):42
- phaeohyphomycosis vs., III(1):51
- radiographic findings, III(1):3,6
- scedosporiosis vs., III(2):5
- Scopulariopsis infections vs., III(2):7
- trichosporonosis vs., III(2):9
Asthma, respiratory syncytial virus infections vs., I(1):53
Astrovirus, rotavirus infections vs., I(2):33
Athlete's foot (tinea pedis). See Tineasis.
ATLL. See Adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL).
Atrioventricular block, American trypanosomiasis vs.,
IV(1):41
Autoimmune gastritis, helicobacteriosis vs., II(1):15
Autoimmune hepatitis
- hepatitis A and E virus infections vs., I(2):10
- hepatitis B and D virus infections vs., I(1):14
- hepatitis C virus infections vs., I(2):13
Autoimmune (paraneoplastic) encephalitis
- poliovirus infections vs., I(2):31
- prion diseases vs., I(2):40
ii
INDEX
B
Babesiosis, IV(1):22–23
- anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis vs., II(1):4
- ancillary tests, IV(1):23
- Babesia divergens-like, IV(1):22
- Babesia microti, IV(1):22–23
- Babesia microti-like, IV(1):22
- coinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and
Borrelia burgdorferi, II(2):52, IV(1):2,22
- diagnostic checklist, IV(1):23
- differential diagnosis, IV(1):23
- malaria vs., IV(1):28
- tick vectors, II(1):4, IV(1):22–23
Bacillary dysentery. See Shigella infections.
Bacillus species infections, II(2):2–5
- ancillary tests, II(2):4
- B. anthracis infections
cutaneous anthrax, II(2):2–4
gastrointestinal anthrax, II(2):2,4
gram-negative zoonotic pathogen infections vs.,
II(2):38
pulmonary anthrax, II(2):2–4
- B. cereus infections, II(2):2–5
- B. thuringiensis, II(2):2–3
- diagnostic checklist, II(2):4
- differential diagnosis, II(2):4
- macroscopic features, II(2):2,3
Bacterial infections, general
- adenovirus infections vs., I(1):4
- cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) infections vs., I(1):8
- herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) infections
vs., I(1):18
Bacterial infections requiring culture/ancillary
confirmation, II(2):1–77. See also specific types.
Bacterial meningitis, varicella-zoster virus (HHV-3)
infections vs., I(1):39
Bacterial pseudomycosis. See Botryomycosis.
Bacteroides spp., II(2):6–8, IV(1):11
Bagdad boil. See Leishmaniasis.
Balamuthia mandrillaris,
Balamuthia spp., IV(1):2,34–39
Balantidiasis, IV(1):4–5
- Balantidium coli, IV(1):2,4–5
-
differential diagnosis, IV(1):5
- macroscopic features, IV(1):4,5
- strongyloidiasis vs., V(1):13
Banna virus (BAV), I(2):3
Barmah Forest virus (BFV), I(2):3
Bartonella
- B. henselae, III(1):58, IV(1):48
- cat scratch disease, III(1):58, IV(1):48
- gram-negative zoonotic pathogen infections vs., II(2):38
- mycobacteria other than tuberculosis vs., II(2):68
Baure ulcer. See Leishmaniasis.
Baylisascariasis, V(1):16–17
Bedbug (Cimex lectularius), VI(2):2,6
Bejel (Treponema pallidum endemicum). See Syphilis and
other treponematoses.
IV(1):34
Bifidobacterium spp., II(2):6
Bilharziasis. See Schistosomiasis.
Bipolaris spp., III(1):20,50
Black fever. See Leishmaniasis.
Black widow spider, VI(2):6
Blastomycosis, III(1):8–13
- ancillary tests, III(1):10
- Blastomyces dermatitidis, III(1):8–12
- chromoblastomycosis vs., III(1):20
- coccidioidomycosis vs., III(1):23
- cryptococcosis vs., III(1):27
- diagnostic checklist, III(1):11
- differential diagnosis, III(1):10–11
- free-living amebiasis vs., IV(1):36
- histoplasmosis vs., III(1):33
- macroscopic features, III(1):12
- paracoccidioidomycosis vs., III(1):47
- radiographic findings, III(1):10
Blepharitis, Demodex infestations vs., VI(1):7
Blood-borne hepatitis. See Hepatitis B and D virus
infections.
Blowfly strike. See Myiasis.
Bordetella holmesii, II(1):6,7
Bordetella parapertussis, II(1):6,7
Bordetella pertussis, II(1):6–7. See also Pertussis.
Borrelia species infections, II(2):50–53
-
anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis vs., II(1):4
- ancillary tests, II(2):52
- arbovirus infections vs., I(2):4
- B. burgdorferi, II(1):4, II(2):50–51, IV(1):23
- B. crocidurae, II(2):50
- B. duttoni, II(2):50
- B. hermsii, II(2):50–51
- B. hispanica, II(2):50
- B. miyamotoi, II(2):50
- B. parkerii, II(2):50–51
- B. recurrentis, II(2):50–51
- B. turicatae, II(2):50–51
- babesiosis vs., IV(1):23
- coinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and
Babesia, II(2):52, IV(1):2,22
- differential diagnosis, II(2):52
- erythema migrans, II(1):4, II(2):50,51,52, VI(2):3
- Leptospira species infections vs., II(2):55
- louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF), II(2):50–52
- Lyme disease, II(2):50–52,53, VI(2):3
- tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), II(2):50–52
- tick vectors, II(1):4,
Botryomycosis, II(1):12–13
-
actinomycosis vs., II(1):11
- ancillary tests, II(1):13
- diagnostic checklist, II(1):13
- differential diagnosis, II(1):13
- granules, II(1):12–13
- leishmaniasis vs., IV(1):44
- macroscopic features, II(1):12
- mycetoma vs., III(1):43
Bovine papular stomatitis virus, I(1):34
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; "mad cow
disease"), I(2):38,39
Brachyspira aalborgi, II(1):24–25
II(2):50
iii
INDEX
Brachyspira pilosicoli, II(1):24–25
Brain-eating ameba. See Free-living amebiasis.
Brazilian blastomycosis. See Paracoccidioidomycosis.
Brickmaker's anemia. See Ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis.
Bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus infections
associated with, I(1):52
Brown recluse spider bite, II(2):4, VI(2):2,5
Brucella infections, II(2):36–39. See also Gram-negative
zoonotic pathogen infections.
Brugia spp., V(1):6–8,15–17
Bullous pemphigoid, varicella-zoster virus (HHV-3)
infections vs., I(1):39
Bundibugyo virus (BVBV), I(2):42. See also Ebola, Marburg,
and other hemorrhagic fever virus infections.
Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), I(2):2,43
Bunyaviridae, I(2):2,4,43–44
Burkholderia infections, II(2):40–42,45. See also Primary
gram-negative respiratory pathogen infections.
- B. cepacia complex, II(2):40–41,42,45
- B. mallei (glanders disease), II(2):41,42–43
- B. pseudomallei (melioidosis, Whitmore disease),
II(2):41,42–43,45
- brucellosis vs., II(2):38
- sporotrichosis vs., III(1):58
C
California encephalitis virus (CEV), I(2):2
Campylobacter infections, II(2):30,31. See also Gram-
negative enteric organisms and their infections.
- C. fetus, II(2):30
- C. jejuni, II(2):30, IV(1):11
- entamebiasis vs., IV(1):11
Campylobacter pylori infection. See Helicobacteriosis.
Candidiasis, III(1):14–17
- ancillary tests, III(1):16
- arbovirus infections vs., I(2):4
- aspergillosis vs., III(1):5
- blastomycosis vs., III(1):10
- brucellosis vs., II(2):38
- Candida albicans, III(1):14–15,17
- Candida glabrata, III(1):14–16
- Candida parapsilosis, III(1):14–15
- concurrent aspergillosis infection, III(1):5
- concurrent mucormycosis infections, III(1):38
- cryptococcosis vs., III(1):27
- diagnostic checklist, III(1):16
- differential diagnosis, III(1):16
- fusariosis and other hyalohyphomycoses vs., III(2):3
- histoplasmosis vs., III(1):33
- HIV infections associated with, I(2):20
- Leptospira species infections vs., II(2):55
- mucormycosis vs., III(1):38
- nocardiosis vs., II(1):21
- syphilis vs., II(2):57
- tineasis vs., III(1):61
- trichosporonosis vs., III(2):9
Candidosis. See Candidiasis.
Capillariasis (Capillaria philippinensis), trichuriasis vs.,
V(1):15
Capillary hemangioma, Kaposi sarcoma-associated
herpesvirus (HHV-8) infections vs., I(1):22
Cardiomyopathy, American trypanosomiasis vs., IV(1):41
Cat scratch disease
- Afipia felis, IV(1):48
- Bartonella henselae,
-
HIV infections vs., I(2):19
- sporotrichosis vs., III(1):58
- toxoplasmosis vs., IV(1):48
Cave disease. See Histoplasmosis.
Celiac disease, rotavirus infections vs., I(2):33
Celiac disease, rotavirus infections vs., I(2):33
Cellulitis, myiasis vs., VI(1):3
Cerebral chromomycosis. See Phaeohyphomycosis.
Cerebral dematiomycosis. See Phaeohyphomycosis.
Cerebral edema, prion diseases vs., I(2):40
Cestodes, V(3):1. See also Cysticercosis; Echinococcosis;
specific types.
Chaetoconidium spp., III(2):2
Chagas disease. See American trypanosomiasis.
Chalazion, Demodex infestations vs., VI(1):7
Challenging morphology in fungal infections requiring
culture/ancillary tests, III(2):1–11. See also Fusariosis and
other hyalohyphomycoses; Scedosporiosis;
Scopulariopsis infections; Trichosporonosis.
Chancroid. See Haemophilus infections.
Chickenpox. See Varicella-zoster virus (HHV-3) infections.
Chiclero ulcer. See Leishmaniasis.
Chigoe flea. See Tungiasis.
Chigre. See Tungiasis.
Chikungunya virus, I(2):2,3,5
Chlamydophila and Chlamydia species infections,
II(2):70–73
- Chlamydia trachomatis, I(1):41, II(2):70–72
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae, II(2):70–72
- Chlamydophila psittaci, II(2):70–72
- differential diagnosis, II(2):72
- macroscopic features, II(2):72,73
- mumps virus infections vs., I(2):29
- parainfluenza virus infections vs., I(2):24
- rhinovirus infections vs., I(2):24
- syphilis vs. lymphogranuloma venereum, II(2):57
Chromoblastomycosis,
-
ancillary tests, III(1):20
- Cladophialophora carrionii, III(1):18–20
- differential diagnosis, III(1):20
- Exophiala dermatitidis, III(1):18
- Exophiala jeanselmei complex, III(1):18
- Fonsecaea compacta, III(1):18
- Fonsecaea pedrosoi, III(1):18–19
- leishmaniasis vs., IV(1):44
- macroscopic features, III(1):19
- mycetoma vs., III(1):43
- phaeohyphomycosis vs., III(1):51
- Phialophora verrucosa, III(1):18–19
- Pocillopora verrucosa, III(1):18–19
- Rhinocladiella aquaspersa, III(1):18
Chromomycosis. See Phaeohyphomycosis.
III(1):58, IV(1):48
III(1):18–21
iv
INDEX
Chronic intervillositis (placental), malaria vs., IV(1):28
Chronic maternal fetal transfusion, parvovirus B19
infections vs., I(1):27
Chronic megacolon, American trypanosomiasis vs., IV(1):41
Chronic wasting disease (CWD), I(2):38
Chrysosporium spp., III(2):2
Ciliates, classification, IV(1):2
Cirrhosis
- hepatitis B and D virus infections associated with,
I(1):12–15
- hepatitis B and D virus infections vs. primary biliary
cirrhosis, I(1):14
- hepatitis C virus infections associated with,
I(2):13,14–15
- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with, I(1):12
Citrobacter infections, II(2):29,31. See also Gram-negative
enteric organisms and their infections.
Cladophialophora bantiana, III(1):42
Cladophialophora carrionii, III(1):18–20
Cladophialophora spp., chromoblastomycosis vs., III(1):20
Cladophialophora spp., phaeohyphomycosis vs., III(1):20
Clonorchiasis (Chinese or Oriental liver fluke), V(2):8–9
Clostridiosis and other anaerobic infections, II(2):6–9
- ancillary tests, II(2):8
- botulism, II(2):6,8
- clostridial myonecrosis, II(2):6–9
- differential diagnosis, II(2):8
- gas gangrene, II(2):7,9
- gram-negative anaerobes
Bacteroides spp., II(2):6–8, IV(1):11
Fusobacterium necrophorum, II(2):7–8
Fusobacterium nucleatum, II(2):6–9
Fusobacterium spp., II(2):6–9
Porphyromonas spp., II(2):6
Prevotella spp., II(2):6
Veillonella spp., II(2):6
- gram-positive nonsporulating anaerobes
Bifidobacterium spp., II(2):6
Finegoldia (Peptostreptococcus) magna, II(2):6
Lactobacillus spp., II(2):6
Parvimonas (Micromonas, Peptostreptococcus)
II(2):6,9
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, II(2):6
Propionibacterium acnes, II(2):6
-
gram-positive sporulating anaerobes
Clostridium botulinum, II(2):6,7
Clostridium difficile, II(2):4,6–9
Clostridium perfringens, II(2):6–8
Clostridium septicum, II(2):6–8
Clostridium sordellii, II(2):6–7
Clostridium tetani, II(2):6–7
- necrotizing enterocolitis, II(2):7,8
- necrotizing fasciitis, II(2):7,8
- pseudomembranous colitis, II(2):7–8
- tetanus, II(2):8
Clostridium botulinum, II(2):6,7
Clostridium difficile, II(2):4,6–9
Clostridium perfringens, II(2):6–8
Clostridium septicum, II(2):6–8
Clostridium sordellii, II(2):6–7
Clostridium tetani, II(2):6–7
micros,
CMV. See Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) infections.
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS), II(2):18–21
- endocarditis, II(2):20
- pneumonia, II(2):20
- S. epidermidis, II(2):18–20
- S. hemolyticus, II(2):18,20
- S. lugdunensis, II(2):18,20
- S. saprophyticus, II(2):18,20
Coccidioidomycosis, III(1):22–23
- ancillary tests, III(1):23
- blastomycosis vs., III(1):10
- chromoblastomycosis vs., III(1):20
- Coccidioides immitis, III(1):22,23
- Coccidioides posadasii, III(1):22–23
- differential diagnosis, III(1):23
- free-living amebiasis vs., IV(1):36
- histoplasmosis vs.,
-
schistosomiasis vs., V(2):4
Coenurosis
- cysticercosis vs., V(3):7
- echinococcosis vs., V(3):4
- Taenia spp., V(3):4,7
Cold sores. See Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-
2) infections.
Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV), I(2):3
Common "cold." See Adenovirus infections; Enterovirus
infections.
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), I(2):34–35
Coniothyrium spp., III(1):20
Contact dermatitis, tissue damage from arachnids and
insects vs., VI(2):4
Coquillettidia mosquitos, I(2):3
Coronaviridae, I(2):36
Coronaviruses
- influenza virus infections vs., I(2):23
- rotavirus infections vs., I(2):33
- severe acute respiratory syndrome vs., I(2):37
Corynebacterium species infections, II(2):10–13
- C. diphtheriae, II(2):10–13
- C. minutissimum, II(2):10,12
- C. pseudotuberculosis, II(2):10–11
- diagnostic checklist, II(2):12
- differential diagnosis, II(2):12
- diphtheroids, II(2):10–13
- macroscopic features, II(2):10,12
- pitted keratolysis, II(2):12
- pseudomembranes, II(1):7, II(2):10,12,13
- Rhodococcus species infections vs., II(2):17
Cowpox, I(1):34–36
Coxsackie virus A and B, I(2):6,24,29. See also Enterovirus
infections.
- mumps virus infections vs., I(2):29
- parainfluenza virus infections vs., I(2):24
- rhinovirus infections vs., I(2):24
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), I(2):38–41
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), I(2):2,43
Crohn disease
- balantidiasis vs., IV(1):5
- brucellosis vs., II(2):38
- necrotizing enterocolitis vs., II(2):8
-
Trichuris trichiura therapy, V(1):14
III(1):33
v
INDEX
vi
- tuberculosis vs., II(2):63
Crusted scabies. See Scabies.
Cryptococcal pneumonia, severe acute respiratory
syndrome vs., I(2):37
Cryptococcosis, III(1):24–29
- ancillary tests, III(1):27
- arbovirus infections vs., I(2):4
- blastomycosis vs., III(1):11
- brucellosis vs., II(2):38
- candidiasis vs., III(1):16
- coccidioidomycosis vs., III(1):23
- Cryptococcus gattii, III(1):24–26
- Cryptococcus neoformans, I(2):20, III(1):24–29
- differential diagnosis, III(1):27
- histoplasmosis vs., III(1):33
- HIV infections associated with, I(2):20
- macroscopic features, III(1):26,28
- radiographic findings, III(1):26
- Rhodococcus species infections vs., II(2):17
Cryptosporidiosis and other coccidia infections, IV(1):6–9
- Cryptosporidium spp., IV(1):2–3,6–9
- Cyclospora cayetanensis, IV(1):6
- Cyclospora spp., IV(1):2,6–7,9
- Cystoisospora belli, IV(1):6,7
- Cystoisospora spp., IV(1):6–7,9
- diagnostic checklist, IV(1):7
- differential diagnosis, IV(1):7
- giardiasis vs., IV(1):15
- HIV infections associated with, I(2):20
- microsporidiosis vs., IV(1):17
Culex mosquitos, I(2):3, V(1):6
Culicoides spp. (midge flies), V(1):6
Cunninghamella spp., III(1):36
Curvularia spp., III(1):20,50
Cutaneous lymphoma, polyomavirus infections vs., I(1):30
Cyanamide toxicity, hepatitis B and D virus infections vs.,
I(1):14
Cyclospora spp., IV(1):2,6–7,9
Cyclosporiasis. See
infections.
Cystic fibrosis
- Burkholderia infections associated with, II(2):40–41
-
giardiasis vs., IV(1):15
- Pseudomonas infections associated with, II(2):40,44
- pulmonary aspergillosis, III(1):2
Cystic granulomatous neutrophilic mastitis, II(2):12
Cysticercosis, V(3):6–9
- CT findings, V(3):7
- differential diagnosis, V(3):7
- echinococcosis vs., V(3):4
- macroscopic features, V(3):7,8
- MR findings, V(3):6,7,8
- Taenia solium, V(3):6–7,9
- zoonotic nematode infections vs., V(1):18
Cystoisospora belli, IV(1):6,7
Cystoisospora spp., IV(1):6–7,9
Cystoisosporiasis. See Cryptosporidiosis and other coccidia
infections.
Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) infections, I(1):6–9
- adenovirus infections vs., I(1):4
- ancillary tests, I(1):8
Cryptosporidiosis and other coccidia
- arbovirus infections vs., I(2):4
- diagnostic checklist, I(1):8
- differential diagnosis, I(1):8
- Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) infections vs., I(1):11
- hepatitis A and E virus infections vs., I(2):10
- hepatitis B and D virus infections vs. CMV hepatitis,
I(1):14
- herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) infections
vs., I(1):18
- HIV infections associated with, I(2):20
- Leptospira species infections vs., II(2):55
- lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections vs., I(2):27
- measles virus infections vs., I(1):25
- microsporidiosis vs., IV(1):17
- rubella vs., I(2):35
- severe acute respiratory syndrome vs., I(2):37
D
DAD. See Diffuse alveolar damage.
Darier disease, pitted keratolysis vs., II(2):12
Darling disease. See Histoplasmosis.
Deep tissue protozoa, IV(1):34–49. See also American
trypanosomiasis; Free-living amebiasis; Leishmaniasis;
Toxoplasmosis.
Delhi boil. See Leishmaniasis.
Demodectic mange. See Demodex infestations.
Demodex infestations, VI(1):6–7
- Demodex spp., VI(1):6–7
- differential diagnosis, VI(1):7
- macroscopic features, VI(1):6
Demodicidosis. See Demodex infestations.
Demodicosis. See Demodex infestations.
Dengue fever
- Ebola and Marburg virus infections vs., I(2):44
- etiology and characteristics, I(2):2,5,43–44
- hepatitis B and D virus infections vs., I(1):14
Desert rheumatism. See Coccidioidomycosis.
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)
- adenovirus infections, I(1):4,5
- cytomegalovirus (HHV-5) infections vs., I(1):8
- severe acute respiratory syndrome, I(2):36
Diphtheria
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae, II(2):10–13
- leishmaniasis vs., IV(1):44
- pertussis vs., II(1):7
- pseudomembranes, II(1):7, II(2):10
Diphtheroids, II(2):10–13
Direct evidence of invertebrates in tissue, VI(1):1–9. See
also Demodex infestations; Myiasis; Scabies; Tungiasis.
Dirofilariasis, V(1):16–18
- onchocerciasis vs., V(1):11
DNA viruses, I(1):2–49. See also specific types.
Drug-associated hepatitis
- hepatitis A and E virus infections vs., I(2):10
- hepatitis B and D virus infections vs., I(1):14
- hepatitis C virus infections vs., I(2):13
Dry eye syndrome, Demodex infestations vs., VI(1):7
Dumdum fever. See Leishmaniasis.
Duodenal ulcer.
See Helicobacteriosis.
INDEX
E
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), I(2):3,5
Ebola, Marburg, and other hemorrhagic fever virus
infections, I(2):42–45. See also specific viruses.
- ancillary tests, I(2):43,44
- diagnostic checklist, I(2):44
- differential diagnosis, I(2):44
- Ebola virus (EBOV), I(2):42–45
- macroscopic features, I(2):43
- major outbreaks (table), I(2):44
EBV. See Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) infections.
Echinococcosis, V(3):2–5
- ancillary tests, V(3):4
- CT findings, V(3):3
- diagnostic checklist, V(3):4
- differential diagnosis, V(3):4
- Echinococcus granulosus, V(3):2–4
- Echinococcus multilocularis, V(3):2
- Echinococcus oligarthrus, V(3):2
- Echinococcus vogeli, V(3):2
- macroscopic features, V(3):3–4
- radiographic findings, V(3):3
- ultrasonographic findings, V(3):3
- zoonotic nematode infections vs., V(1):18
Echovirus, I(2):6,29,33
- mumps virus infections vs., I(2):29
- rotavirus infections vs., I(2):33
Ecthyma gangrenosum, cutaneous anthrax vs., II(2):4
Eczema with superimposed infection, varicella-zoster virus
(HHV-3) infections vs., I(1):39
Eczematous dermatitis, scabies vs., VI(1):5
Egyptian chlorosis. See Ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis, II(1):2–4
Ehrlichia equi. See Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Ehrlichia ewingii, II(1):2–4
Ehrlichia muris, II(1):2,4
Ehrlichia muris-like organism, II(1):2
Ehrlichia phagocytophilum. See Anaplasma
phagocytophilum.
Ehrlichiosis,
-
ancillary tests, II(1):4
- diagnostic checklist, II(1):4
- differential diagnosis, II(1):4
- human ewingii ehrlichiosis (HEE), II(1):2
- human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), II(1):2,5
- human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), II(1):2–3,5
- tick vectors, II(1):2–3
Elephantiasis. See Human filariasis.
Encephalitis/meningoencephalitis, free-living amebiasis
vs., IV(1):36
Encephalitozoon cuniculi, IV(1):16
Encephalitozoon hellem, IV(1):16
Encephalitozoon intestinalis, IV(1):16
Endocarditis
- aspergillosis, III(1):2
- Brucella infections, II(2):36
- Burkholderia infections, II(2):41
- candidiasis, III(1):4
II(1):2–5
- coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, II(2):20
- differential diagnosis, II(2):21
- diphtheroids, II(2):11
- gram-negative enteric organisms, II(2):30–31
- nocardiosis, II(1):20
- Pseudomonas infections, II(2):40,43,44
- Staphylococcus aureus, II(2):19,21,23
- Streptococcus and Enterococcus species infections,
II(2):21,25,26
- Tropheryma whipplei, II(1):26
English measles. See Measles virus infections.
Entamebiasis, IV(1):10–13
- ancillary tests, IV(1):11
- ascariasis vs., V(1):5
- balantidiasis vs., IV(1):5
- differential diagnosis, IV(1):11
- Entamoeba coli, IV(1):10
- Entamoeba dispar, IV(1):10,11
- Entamoeba hartmanni, IV(1):10
- Entamoeba histolytica,
- Entamoeba moshkovskii, IV(1):10,11
- Entamoeba polecki, IV(1):10
-
free-living amebiasis vs., IV(1):36
- giardiasis vs., IV(1):15
- strongyloidiasis vs., V(1):13
- trematode infections vs., V(2):9
- ultrasonographic findings, IV(1):10
Enterobacter infections, II(2):29,31–32. See also Gram-
negative enteric organisms and their infections.
Enterococcus faecalis, II(2):24–25
Enterococcus faecium, II(2):24–25
Enterocytozoon bieneusi, IV(1):16
Enterovirus infections, I(2):6–7. See also Poliovirus
infections.
- ancillary tests, I(2):7
- Coxsackie virus A and B, I(2):6,24,29
- diagnostic checklist, I(2):7
- differential diagnosis, I(2):7
- echovirus, I(2):6,29,33
- enterovirus D68, I(2):6
- HIV infections vs. enteroviral meningitis, I(2):19
- lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections vs., I(2):27
- parechovirus, I(2):6
- rhinoviruses, I(2):6,23–24
- rotavirus infections vs., I(2):33
Epidemis typhus. See Rickettsia species infections.
Epidermoid cyst, ruptured, myiasis vs., VI(1):3
Epidermophyton, III(1):60
Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4) infections, I(1):10–11
- ancillary tests, I(1):11
- arbovirus infections vs., I(2):4
- differential diagnosis, I(1):11
- hemorrhagic fever virus infections vs., I(2):44
- hepatitis A and E virus infections vs., I(2):10
- hepatitis B and D virus infections vs. EBV hepatitis,
I(1):14
- HIV infections vs. EBV mononucleosis, I(2):19
- Leptospira species infections vs., II(2):55
- lymphadenopathy, I(1):11
- lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections vs., I(2):27
Erythema infectiosum. See Parvovirus B19 infections.
IV(1):2,10–13
vii