Explicit and subtle factors contribute to a good interview. Attentiveness, composure, active listening, and sensitive responsiveness are fundamental. A recognition of the inevitable anxiety and cognitive strain under which a patient in distress labors should remind the physician to go slowly in ques­tioning, speak clearly, and reiterate important diagnostic questions. Most patients, because of anxiety, have a difficult time hearing and understanding discussions with the doctor. Older patients, in addition, may be less recep­tive because of the aging process itself. People in pain show irritability and impatience. The physician’s attentiveness to these and other features of the patient’s presentation will facilitate a meaningful yield in accurately assess­ing signs, symptoms, and history. Listening attentively to what is said and what seems left out is important. Carefully assessing the extent of a patient’s expectations for recovery from pain and limited functioning is important. Written materials outlined by the surgeon before, during, and after a surgi­cal procedure are often useful. When tailored to the specific patient and his or her particular condition, they are seen as believable and help consoli­date diagnostic and treatment information, and minimize misunderstand­ing and error. All aspects of patient-physician contact should facilitate the entire diagnostic and treatment process. Telephone inquiries, waiting rooms, and administrative and nursing personnel can set the stage for a productive interview and more accurate data collection. Tightly managed pre-op assess­ments also ensure better post-op compliance with rehabilitative recommen­dations such as adherence to physical therapy.