Теоретическая грамматика английского языка = Theoretical Grammar of the English Language. Учебное пособие

5. It was very pleasant and we were all great friends. The next year came the inflation and the money he had made the year before was not enough to buy supplies to open the hotel and he hanged himself.

2. Define the type of clauses constituting the following sentences:

1.Bech in fact had felt quite tired of life ever since completing his last novel, whose publication coincided with the collapse of his one and only marriage.

2.But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest.

3.While they were driving he had not been taking notice…

4.She could not understand why, instead of smiling at such good news, Miss Elizabeth covered her eyes with her hands and groaned.

5.All he wanted to do was help her.

Product (10 points)

Analyze the given text. Speak on the means of cohesion.

I could talk talk to you about art, in the spasmodic, distracted practice of which I have spent my finest and most valuable hours. Is art, as the ancients proposed, an imitation of life, or is it, as the moderns suggest, everything that life is not – order instead of disorder, resolution rather than inconclusiveness, peaceand harmony in preference to our insatiable discontent and, at the bottom of our souls, as Kierkegaard and Strindberg and Munch teach us, our terror? Our dread – dread at being here, on this planet that appears lonelier and more negligible with each new revelation from astronomy. Or is art both duplication and escape – life tweaked, as it were, into something slightly higher, brighter, other? We feel it to be so, as it is engendered at the end of a pencil point or on a computer screen. Art is somehow good, if only for the artist ( J. Updike).

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4.The American School of Linguistics and its distributional method.

5.Types of morphemic distribution.

6.The principles of identifying free/bound, overt/covert, additive/replacive, continuous/discontinuous morphemes.

7) What is the connection between traditional and distributional classification?

8) Illustrate the stages of distributional analysis.

9) What is the distribution of a language unit?

10) What is the difference between a morph and a morpheme? 11) Give the definition of an allomorph.

12) State the type of the morphemic distribution of the following pairs of words: burning – burned; learnt – learned: plays – played: played – worked: watches – books.

13) Which language units are the basic categories of linguistic description in view of American structuralists? Why?

Seminar 3. Grammatical Classes of Words

1.The notions of classes of words and parts of speech. Principles of grammatical classification of words.

2.The traditional approach to the parts of speech classification.

3.The syntactico-distributional classification.

4.Different theories on the classification of parts of speech (H.Sweet, O. Espersen, Ch.Fries, Russian linguists).

5.Notional and functional parts of speech.

6.The view on pronouns and their properties.

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2)How can we distinguish a word-group N+N from a compound noun?

3)What grammatical categories does the noun have?

4)According to what principle are nouns divided into animate and inanimate?

5)What subclasses can nouns be divided into according to the type of nomination?

6)What differentiates the category of gender in English from that in Russian?

7)How should plurality in the grammatical sense be described?

8)What makes the category of case in English disputable?

9)What are the drawbacks of the ‘positional’, ‘prepositional’ and ‘postpositional’ case theories?

10)State the relational meanings of the Genitive Case: A person’s voice, the patient’s illness, the scholars’s work, Kate’s brother, the hotel’s lobby, the scholars’ arrival, women’s footwear.

11)In what way do the articles differ from other determiners?

12)What is oppositional reduction?

13)What are the two variants of oppositional reduction? Give examples of neutralization and transposition in the nounal categories.

Seminar 5. The Verb

1.The verb as a part of speech.

2.Classification of verbs (notional verbs – semi-notional verbs – functional verbs).

3.Grammatical subcategorization of notional verbs (actional/statal/ processual; limitive/unlimitive).

4.The category of person and number: traditional and modern interpretations.

5.The category of tense. Modern interpretations of English tenses.

6.The category of aspect: – the problem of the aspective characterization of the verb; – lexical aspective / grammatical aspective meanings; – modern treatment of aspect.

7.The category of retrospect. Different views.

8.The category of voice.

9.The category of mood. Means of expressing modality.

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3.The gerund and its properties. The categories of gerund. Gerundial complexes. The notion of half-gerund.

4.The present participle; the past participle. Their properties.

Seminar 7. The Adjective and the Adverb

1.A general outline of the adjective.

2.Classification of adjectives.

3.The category of adjectival comparison.

4.The problem of the stative.

5.A general outline of the adverb.

6.Structural types of adverbs.

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3)How many members does the category of adjectival comparison consist of?

4)Give examples of elative superlative.

5)What is the categorial meaning of the adverb?

6)Define whether the following adverbs are simple or derived; qualitative, quantative or circumstantial: tomorrow, enormously, really, near, very, too, awfully, sadly, thus, extremely.

7)Which arguments are put forward for and against the existence of the stative as a separate part of speech?

Seminar 8. Syntagmatic connections of words. Sentence

1.The basic units of syntax: the phrase and the sentence. Their differential features.

2.The semantic status of collocation.

3.The traditional part of speech classification of phrases. Nominative classification of phrases. The problems of interpretation of predicative phrases.

4.Types of syntactic relations: agreement and government.

5.Adjoinment and enclosure as special means of expressing syntactic relations.

Seminar 9. Actual division of the sentence.

Communicative types of sentences

1.The basic principles of sentence division. Actual division of the sentence. The notions of theme and rheme. The notion of transition.

2.Language means of expressing the theme and the rheme.

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3.Classification of sentences according to the purpose of communication. Traditional classification. Ch. Fries’ classification.

4.Modern classifications of communicative sentence types.

5.lassification of speech acts (J. Austin, J.R. Searle). The basic no-tions of pragmatics.

Seminar 10. Simple sentence

1.The notion of a sentence. Predication and modality.

2.Structural classifications of simple sentences: one-member – twomember; complete-elliptical; according to the number of predicative lines; to the types of subject. The notions of an elementary and extended sentence.

3.Sentence part classification:

–the traditional scheme of sentence parsing: the main sentence parts, secondary sentence parts(attribute, object, adverbial modifier, parenthetical enclosure, addressing enclosure, interjectional enclosure);

–the model of immediate constituents (the IC-model).

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