Русский язык для англоговорящих (начальный уровень). В 4 частях. Ч.1. Учебно-методическое пособие
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Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «РОССИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ДРУЖБЫ НАРОДОВ»
Н.С. Новикова
РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ АНГЛОГОВОРЯЩИХ
НАЧАЛЬНЫЙ УРОВЕНЬ
В четырех частях
Часть 1
Учебно-методическое пособие
Москва Российский университет дружбы народов
2018
УДК 372.881.161.1(072.8) |
У т в е р ж д е н о |
ББК 81.2Англ-96 |
РИС Ученого совета |
Н73 |
Российского университета |
|
дружбы народов |
Новикова, Н. С.
Н73 Русский язык для англоговорящих (начальный уровень) : учебнометодическое пособие : в 4 ч. / Н. С. Новикова. – Москва : РУДН, 2018– .
ISBN 978-5-209-08799-1 Ч. 1. – 2018. – 81 с.
ISBN 978-5-209-08800-4 (ч. 1)
Пособие представляет собой интенсивный курс русского языка, который в сжатой форме, ориентируемой на минимум учебных часов, дает учащимся максимум необходимых для выживания речевых навыков. Содержащие большое количество живых диалогов, характерных для речи носителей языка и насыщенных коммуникативно-значимой лексикой, материалы пособия нацелены прежде всего на порождение и восприятие речи, т.е. реализует обучение говорению и аудированию. Навыки чтения формируются лишь как вспомогательное средство при обучении говорению и аудированию.
Предназначено для иностранцев, обучающихся в магистратуре на английском языке, которые ранее не изучали русский язык.
Подготовлено на кафедре русского языка инженерной академии РУДН.
ISBN 978-5-209-08800-4 (ч. 1)
ISBN 978-5-209-08799-1 © Новикова Н.С., 2018
© Российский университет дружбы народов, 2018
ɉɊȿȾɂɋɅɈȼɂȿ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɫɠɚɬɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɭ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɚ ɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɟɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ
ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɹɦɢ
ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɱɢ ɬ ɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɚɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɇɚɜɵɤɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɚɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɱɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɟɟ ɤɚɤɚɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɨɧɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɭɪɫɟ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɦ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬɫɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥ ɛɵɬɶ - ɜɜɢɞɭ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ȼɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɧɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɥɢɧɝɨɫɬɪɚɧɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɰɟɜ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɚ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ, ɯɨɱɭ ɢ ɬ ɩ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɛɨ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣ ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ± ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɸɬ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɛɪɨɫɚɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɵɬ ɚɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɨɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɵɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɱɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɛɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɚɧɝɥɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɟɣ
ȼɫɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ©ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨª ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ ± ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɍȾɇ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɜ ɪɟɱɶ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɲɭɬɤɢ ɢ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɵ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɭɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ± ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬɚɦ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɊɍȾɇ ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɚ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɰɚɦ ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɦ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ
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1RWH before vowels Ⱥ Ɉ ɍ ɗ ɕ we pronounce consonants hardly. Before ə Ȭ ɘ ȿ ɂ we pronounce consonants softly.
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Ɇɵ ɦɢ ɦɶɢ |
Ɇɨ ɦɺ ɦɶɺ |
Ȼɚ ɛɹ ɛɶɹ |
Ȼɷ ɛɟ ɛɶɟ |
Ȼɭ ɛɸ ɛɶɸ |
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1RWH If we have Ȭ in the word Ȭ would be always stressed.
5HDG QDPHV RI IRRG VWRUHV
ɉɪɨɞɭғɤɬɵ IRRG VWRUH
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Pronounce your telephone numbers (home, office and mobile) in Russian. |
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5HDG QXPEHUV
5HDG QXPEHUV |
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ɞɜɟɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɬɪɢɫɬɚ ɩɹɬɶ ɞɜɟ ɬɪɢɫɬɚ ɩɹɬɶ |
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ɬɪɢ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɶ ɬɪɢ |
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ɩɹɬɶ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɨɞɢɧɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ |
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ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɩɹɬɶ |
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ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ" |
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$ ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɨɢɬɯɥɟɛ" |
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Ȼɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɨɢɬɦɨɥɨɤɨ" |
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ɢ ɪɭɛɥɶ ɤɨɩɟɟɤ ɢ ɪɭɛɥɟɣ ɤɨɩɟɟɤ |
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ɫɞɚғɱɚ ȼɨɡɶɦɢғɬɟ ɫɞɚғɱɭ FKDQJH 7DNH FKDQJHɬɭɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ KHUH
ɬɚɦ WKHUHɪɹғɞɨɦ QH[W WR FORVH
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RQ WKH ULJKWɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ WR WKH ULJKW |
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VWUDLJKW DKHDGɰɟɧɚ SULFH |
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5HDG WKH GLDORJXH Ⱥ ɂɡɜɢɧɢғɬɟɝɞɟɦɚɝɚɡɢғɧ ɫɟғɤɰɢɹ ©Ɇɨɥɨɤɨғª"
Ɍɚɦ ɫɩɪɚғɜɚ ɩɪɹғɦɨ
ɋɩɚɫɢғɛɨ Ȼ ɂɡɜɢɧɢғɬɟɝɞɟɤɚғɫɫɚ"
7
Ɍɚɦ ɬɭɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɪɹғɞɨɦ ɫɥɟғɜɚ ɫɩɪɚғɜɚ ɩɪɹғɦɨ
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ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ ɪɭɛɥɟɣ
ȼɨɡɶɦɢғɬɟ ɫɞɚғɱɭ
ɋɩɚɫɢғɛɨ
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ȼɯɨɞ HQWUDQFH
ȼɵɯɨɞғ H[LWɉɟɪɟɯɨɞғ FURVVLQJ
Ȼɚɧɤɨɦɚғɬ PRQH\ PDFKLQHɈɫɬɨɪɨғɠɧɨ ɨɤɪɚғɲɟɧɨ %H FDUHIXO LW¶V FRORUHGȼɧɢɦɚғɧɢɟ $WWHQWLRQ
Ɉɤɨɥɨғ ɦɟɬɪɨғ QHDU PHWUR
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5HDG WKH GLDORJXHV |
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ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ ɝɞɟ ɦɟɬɪɨ" |
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ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ ɝɞɟ ɜɵɯɨɞ" |
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ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚғ |
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ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ ɝɞɟ ɛɚɧɤɨɦɚɬ" |
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ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ ɝɞɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ" |
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5HDG QHZ ZRUGV |
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Ʉɧɢɝɚғ ERRN |
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Ƚɚɡɟɬɚ QHZVSDSHU |
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ɀɭɪɧɚɥ PDJD]LQH |
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ɛɭɦɚɝɚ SDSHU |
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ɪɭɱɤɚғ SHQ |
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ɭɪɨɤғ OHVVRQ FODVV |
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1RWH At the end of the words we pronounce voiced consonants as voiceless, so we pronounce:
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Ⱦɚ ɷɬɨ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɇɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɷɬɨ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ |
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5HDG WKH QHZ ZRUGV |
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PDQ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɚғ |
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VPDOO JLUO |
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SHUVRQ |
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ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣғɱɟɥɨɜɟɤғ |
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ɥɸɞɢғ |
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SHRSOH |
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JLUO |
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EURWKHU |
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ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢғ |
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FKLOGUHQ |
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ɨɬɟғɰ ɩɚғɩɚ |
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IDWKHU |
ɞɟɞɭɲɤɚғ |
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JUDQGIDWKHU |
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GDXJKWHU |
ɛɚɛɭɲɤɚғ |
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JUDQGPRWKHU |
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ɜɧɭɤ |
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JUDQGVRQ |
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VLVWHU |
ɜɧɭɱɤɚғ |
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JUDQGGDXJKWHU |
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ɗғɬɨ ɠɟɧɚ" |
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Ⱦɚ ɷɬɨ ɠɟɧɚ ɇɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɠɟɧɚ ɗғɬɨ ɦɭɠ |
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Ʉɚɤ ɟɝɨ ɟɺ ɡɨɜɭɬ" |
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ȿɝɨ ɟɺ ɡɨɜɭɬ ȼɢɤɬɨɪ Ⱥғɧɧɚ |
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ɀɭɪɧɚɥғ ɠɭɪɧɚɥғɕ |
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ɫɥɨɜɚɪғɖ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɂғ |
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Ɇɚɲɢɧɚғ ± ɦɚɲɢɧғɕ |
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ɤɧɢɝɚғ ɤɧɢɝғɂ |
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Ʉɚɪɚɧɞɚɲ ɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɚ ɫɨɤ ɧɨɠ ɫɱɺɬ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɚ ɞɟɫɟɪɬ ɬɚɪɟɥɤɚ ɩɨɦɢɞɨɪ ɯɥɟɛ ɪɵɛɚ ɥɨɠɤɢ ɩɨɦɢɞɨɪɵ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɢ ɬɚɪɟɥɤɢ ɫɚɥɮɟɬɤɢ
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FRQVRQDQW |
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ɟɝɨғ |
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ɝɚɡɟɬɚ ɗғɬɨ |
ɞɨɦ ɗғɬɨ |
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ɭɥɢɰɚ |
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ɗғɬɨ |
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ɫɵɧ ɗғɬɨ |
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ɹɛɥɨɤɨ ɗғɬɨ |
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ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɗғɬɨ |
ɱɚɲɤɚ ɗғɬɨ |
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ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɗғɬɨ |
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ɥɨɠɤɚ ɗғɬɨ |
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ɗɬɨ |
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ɞɪɭɝ ɗɬɨ |
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$QVZHU WKH TXHVWLRQV DV IROORZ |
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Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ" ȼɨɬ ɬɜɨɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ |
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Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɹғɪɭғɱɤɚ" Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɣ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚғɲ" Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɣ ɠɭɪɧɚғɥ" Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɺ ɩɢɫɶɦɨғ" Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɹ ɞɨɱɶ"
Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɹ ɱɚғɲɤɚ" Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɹ ɥɨғɠɤɚ" Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɣ ɧɨɠ" Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɹ ɦɚɲɢғɧɚ" Ƚɞɟ ɦɨɣ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ"
9
$QVZHU WHDFKHU¶V TXHVWLRQV DV IROORZ
ɗғɬɨ ɜɚғɲɚ ɝɚɡɟғɬɚ"Ⱦɚ ɷғɬɨ ɦɨɹғɝɚɡɟғɬɚ ɇɟɬ ɷғɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɹғɝɚɡɟғɬɚ ɗɬɨ ɜɚɲɚ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ
7UDQVODWH WKH ZRUGV JLYHQ LQ EUDFNHWV LQWR 5XVVLDQ
ɗғɬɨ KLV ɤɧɢғɝɚ ɗғɬɨ KHU ɦɚɲɢғɧɚ ɗғɬɨ KLV ɞɟғɞɭɲɤɚ ɗғɬɨ KHU ɞɟғɞɭɲɤɚ
ɗғɬɨ KLV ɩɨɞɪɭғɝɚ ɗғɬɨ WKHLU ɤɜɚɪɬɢғɪɚ ɗғɬɨ WKHLU ɞɟғɧɶɝɢ ɗғɬɨ KLV ɩɢғɜɨ
ɗғɬɨ KHU ɹғɛɥɨɤɨ ɗғɬɨ WKHLU ɨɤɧɨғ ɗғɬɨ KLV ɫɟɫɬɪɚ ɗғɬɨ KHU ɛɪɚɬ
$QVZHU WKH TXHVWLRQV DV IROORZ
0RGHO ɗғɬɨ ɜɚɲ ɫɬɚɤɚғɧ"
ɇɟɬ ɷғɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɣ ɫɬɚɤɚғɧ ɗғɬɨ ɟɝɨғɫɬɚɤɚғɧɗɬɨғ ɜɚғɲɚ ɪɭғɱɤɚ" ɗғɬɨ ɟɝɨғɦɚɲɢғɧɚ" ɗғɬɨ ɬɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚғɲ" ɗғɬɨ ɟɺ ɩɢɫɶɦɨғ"
ɗғɬɨ ɬɜɨɣ ɞɟғɞɭɲɤɚ" ɗғɬɨ ɜɚғɲɚ ɤɜɚɪɬɢғɪɚ" ɗғɬɨ ɢɯ ɚғɞɪɟɫ" ɗғɬɨ ɜɚғɲɟ ɩɢғɜɨ"ɗғɬɨ ɜɚғɲɚ ɫɟɫɬɪɚғ" ɗғɬɨ ɟɝɨғɬɟɥɟɮɨғɧ" ɗғɬɨ ɜɚɲ ɤɨɦɩɶɸғɬɟɪ" ɗғɬɨ ɢɯ ɛɚғɛɭɲɤɚ"
5HDG WKH GLDORJXHV
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ɚ ɑɟɣ ɷɬɨ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ" |
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ɗғɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ |
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ɑɶɹ ɷɬɨ ɤɧɢɝɚ" |
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ɗғɬɨ ɦɨɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ |
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Ⱥ ɷɬɨ" |
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ɗғɬɨ ɟɝɨғɤɧɢɝɚғ |
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ɜ ɑɶɺ ɷɬɨ ɨɤɧɨ" |
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ɗғɬɨ ɢɯ ɨɤɧɨ |
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$QVZHU WKH TXHVWLRQV DV IROORZ
0RGHO ɑɟɣ ɷғɬɨ ɞɨɦ" ɗғɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɞɨɦ
ɑɟɣ ɷғɬɨ ɠɭɪɧɚғɥ" ɑɶɹ ɷғɬɨ ɥɨғɠɤɚ" ɑɶɹ ɷғɬɨ ɜɢғɥɤɚ" ɑɶɹ ɷғɬɨ ɪɭғɱɤɚ" ɑɟɣ ɷғɬɨ ɫɬɚɤɚғɧ"
ɑɟɣ ɷғɬɨ ɧɨɠ" ɑɶɺ ɷғɬɨ ɦɚғɫɥɨ" ɑɶɺ ɷғɬɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɨғ" ɑɶɺ ɷғɬɨ ɮɨғɬɨ" ɑɟɣ ɷғɬɨ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚғɲ"
0DNH WKH TXHVWLRQV DV IROORZ
ɚ 0RGHO ɗғɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɠɭɪɧɚғɥ ɑɟɣ ɷғɬɨ ɠɭɪɧɚғɥ"
ɗғɬɨ ɦɨɹғɝɚɡɟғɬɚ ɗғɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚғɲ ɗғɬɨ ɧɚɲ ɞɨɦ ɗғɬɨ ɧɚғɲɚ ɦɚɲɢғɧɚ ɗғɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɫɵɧ
ɗғɬɨ ɬɜɨɣ ɞɪɭɝ ɗғɬɨ ɧɚғɲɚ ɜɧɭғɱɤɚ ɗғɬɨ ɧɚɲ ɜɧɭɤ ɗғɬɨ ɦɨɺ ɩɢɫɶɦɨғ ɗғɬɨ ɧɚғɲɟ ɨɤɧɨғ
ɛ 0RGHO ɗғɬɨ ɢɯ ɞɨɦ ɑɟɣ ɷғɬɨ ɞɨɦ"
ɗғɬɨ ɟɝɨғɦɚɲɢғɧɚ ɗғɬɨ ɟɝɨғɬɟɥɟɜɢғɡɨɪ ɗғɬɨ ɟɺ ɤɨғɦɧɚɬɚ ɗғɬɨ ɢɯ ɬɟɥɟɮɨғɧ ɗɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɛɪɚɬ
ɗғɬɨ ɢɯ ɫɵɧ ɗғɬɨ ɟɺ ɛɪɚɬ ɗғɬɨ ɟɝɨғɫɟɫɬɪɚғ ɗɬɨ ɢɯ ɞɪɭɡɶɹ ɗɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɬɚɪɟɥɤɚ
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