Проектирование составов бетонных смесей с помощью современных информационных технологий. Монография
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ǶȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȌțȓȧ ©ǷȖȌȉȖȘ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȉȍȚȖȕȈª
Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɧɢɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ Ɂɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ >@ ɜ ɋɇɢɉɚɯ > @
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫ ɧɨɜɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ ɧɢɣ ² ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ²² Ȼɥɨɤ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɧɟɨɛ ɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɵɣ ɪɢɫ Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢ ɞɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɬɹ ɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɛɟ ɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɫɬ ɤɚɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɨ ɛɨɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭ ɟɦɭɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɜɢɞ ɤɪɭɩ
ɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɫɨ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ
Ɉɤɧɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ ɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɪɢɫ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ ș ȌȖȉȈȊȒȖȑ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɹ ɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ² ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɵɜɨ ɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɦɟɧɸ Ɏɚɣɥ ɂɡ ɨɤɧɚ |
ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɬɹ |
ɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ |
Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɨ |
ɫɬɚɜɚ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ
ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɭɞɨɛɨɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɦɚɪɤɭ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɢɞ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɭ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɱ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɢ ɦɟɠɡɟɪ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɩɭɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɪɢɫ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ ȉȍȏ ȌȖȉȈȊȖȒ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɪɢɫ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ ș ȌȖȉȈȊȒȖȑ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɝ ɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ² ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɵɜɨ ɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɦɟɧɸ Ɏɚɣɥ ɂɡ ɨɤɧɚ ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ
ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɟɧɨɛɟɬɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɛɟɬɨɧ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜɨɞɨɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɥɸ ɜ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɦ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɟɦɧɟɡɟɦɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɤ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɦɭ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɧɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɧɵ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɪɢɫ Ⱦɥɹ ɝɚɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɧɟɨɛ ɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɹɱɟ
ɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ² ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɵɜɨ
ɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɦɟɧɸ Ɏɚɣɥ ɂɡ ɨɤɧɚ ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɹɱɟɢ ɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȗȍȕȖȉȍȚȖȕȈ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȗȖȌȉȖȘȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȋȈȏȖȉȍȚȖȕȈ
ǶȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȌțȓȧ ©DzȖȘȘȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȒȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈª
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢ ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɋɨ ɫɬɚɜ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭ ɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɟɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ ɦɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɦɟɫ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ² ²
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ ² ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ²
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɟɫɢ ² ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ²
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟ
ɫɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ ² ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ² ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟ
ɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ² Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɥɹ
ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
ǸȐș DzȖȘȘȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȒȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ
Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɨ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫ ɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɦ ɢ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɟɫ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ ² ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
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ɇɚɱɚɥɨ |
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Ⱦɚ |
Ȼɟɬɨɧ ɫ |
ɇɟɬ |
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ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ |
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ȼɜɨɞ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
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ȼɜɨɞ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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ȼɜɨɞ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ |
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ȼɵɜɨɞ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ |
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Ʉɨɧɟɰ |
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ǸȐș ǨȓȋȖȘȐȚȔ ©DzȖȘȘȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȒȈ ȗȖ ȊȓȈȎȕȖșȚȐª
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ɇɚɱɚɥɨ |
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ɇɚɱɚɥɨ |
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ȼɜɨɞ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ |
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ȼɜɨɞ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ |
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ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ |
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ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ |
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ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ |
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ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɦ |
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ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɟɫ |
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ɛɟɬɨɧɚ |
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ɛɟɬɨɧɨɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ |
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ȼɵɜɨɞ |
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ȼɵɜɨɞ |
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ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ |
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ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ |
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Ʉɨɧɟɰ |
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Ʉɨɧɟɰ |
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ǸȐș |
ǨȓȋȖȘȐȚȔ |
ǸȐș ǨȓȋȖȘȐȚȔ ©ǸȈșȝȖȌ |
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©ǼȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȘȈșȝȖȌ ȕȈ Ȕ ª |
ȕȈ ȏȈȔȍș ȉȍȚȖȕȖșȔȍșȐȚȍȓȧª |
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ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ
ɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢ ɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɦ ɪɢɫ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɬɨ
ɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɬɹ
ɠɟɥɵɣ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɵɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɬɹ
ɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɥ ɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɫ ɯɨɞ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɨɣ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ
ɬɨɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɪɢɫ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɩɪɨ ɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɜ ɦɟɧɸ Ɏɚɣɥ Ɉɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȒȐ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȚȧȎȍȓȖȋȖ ȓȍȋȒȖȋȖ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ
Ⱦɥɹɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɛɟ ɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɦɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɦ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɨɤɧɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɪɚ ɧɟɟ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȕȈ Ȕ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɡɚɦɟɫ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɫɦɟɫɢ
ɬɟɥɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢɈɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɚɮɨɪɦɭɢɥɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɜɮɚɣɥɟɫɩɨ ɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ Ɏɚɣɥ ɪɢɫ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȘȈșȟȍȚȈ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ ȕȈ ȏȈȔȍș ȉȍȚȖȕȖșȔȍșȐȚȍȓȧ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬ ɦɭ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɦɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɫɭɯɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɪɢɫ
ǸȐș ǶȒȕȖ ȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȒȐ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ȧȟȍȐșȚȖȋȖ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ
ɉɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟ ɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɦɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ǶȗȐșȈȕȐȍ ȔȖȌțȓȧ ©ǷȘȖȋȕȖȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȊȖȑșȚȊª
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟ ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶ ɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ȼ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ² ɮɨɪ ɦɭɥɵ ² ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩ ɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫɦ ɝɥ ɩ Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨ ɬɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ