Проектирование составов бетонных смесей с помощью современных информационных технологий. Монография
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ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɢ ɞɚɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ
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ǪǪǭǬǭǵǰǭ
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɨɬɪɚɫ ɥɟɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɯɹɞɟɪɧɵɯɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɪɚ ɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɬɚɧɤɨɜɹɱɟɢɫɬɵɟ ²ɞɥɹɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢɫɬɟɧɩɪɨɦɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ² ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɨ ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɯɨɜ
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟ ɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ > @ ɋ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɝɨɞɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢ ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ȼ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɚɦ ɫ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢ ɡɚɰɢɢɢ ɬ ɞɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɜɛɟɬɨɧɟɫɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɚ ɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɫ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɚɤɬɭ ɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɬɜɚɦɢ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɢ ɤɚɱɟ ɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ > @ ɇɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɹɠɭɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɥɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɟɪ ɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ > @
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
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ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɭɳɟ ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ Ɉɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫ ɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɵɪɶɹɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɩɨɞɚɱɢɫɵɪɶɹɢɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ
ɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɚɬɟ ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɚɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɛɟ ɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɢɡ ɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɛɟɬɨɧɨɜɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ
ɉɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɩɨɞɛɨɪɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɢɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɫɭɬɨɤ > @ Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ > @ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟ ɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟ ɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟ ɫɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɱ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɦɢɧɢ ɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɛɟɬɨɧɭ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
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ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɫɚɯ
ɉɪɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚ ɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢ ɛɟ ɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɯ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚ ɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟ ɞɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ > @ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɱɟɬɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚ ɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɨɣ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ ɝɢɹɯ
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ǷǸǶǩdzǭǴȃ ǨǪǺǶǴǨǺǰǯǨǾǰǰ ǷǸǶǾǭǹǹǨ
ǷǸǶǭDzǺǰǸǶǪǨǵǰȇ ǹǶǹǺǨǪǶǪ ǩǭǺǶǵǵȃǽ ǹǴǭǹǭDZ
DzȓȈșșȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȉȍȚȖȕȖȊ ǨȕȈȓȐȏ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȒȖȔȗȖȕȍȕȚȖȊ ȉȍȚȖȕȕȖȑ șȔȍșȐ
ȕȈ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐșȚȐȒȐ ȉȍȚȖȕȈ
Ȼɟɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɩɨɥɭɱɚ ɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɭɩɥɨɬ ɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢɡ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹɯ > @ Ⱦɨ ɡɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɚ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ
ɐɟɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɟ ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɦɧɹɫɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɡɟɪɧɚɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɜɟɞɢɧɵɣɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɆɟɠɞɭ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢ ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɟ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ Ɂɚɩɨɥ ɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɚ ɰɟ ɦɟɧɬ ² ɨɬ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ
ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɬɶ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟ ɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɨɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɬɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɶ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ > @ Ȼɟɬɨɧɵ ɬɟɦ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɵ ɱɬɨ ɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
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Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚ ɥɨɜ Ʉ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɚɪɧɚɹ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɫɠɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɪɚɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ
Ʉ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɨɝɧɟɫɬɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɚ ɝɨɨɬɞɚɱɚ ɝɢɝɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɡɜɭɤɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟ ɧɢɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɟɬɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪ
Ʉ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɤɚ ɥɵɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɲɥɢɮɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɨɛɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɜɨɡɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪ
ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɜɢɞɵ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɢɞɭ ɜɹɠɭ ɳɟɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɸ > @
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɪɢɫ Ʉ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɚ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɤɚɦɧɹɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɛɟɬɨɧɵɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢ ɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ > @
ɨɫɨɛɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɤɝ ɦ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɝ ɦ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɝ ɦ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɝ ɦ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɤɝ ɦ
ɂɥɢ > @ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɝ ɦ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɤɝ ɦ
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ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɤɝ ɦ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɤɝ ɦ
Ɉɫɨɛɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɥɹɯɬɚɤɢɯɤɚɤɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɩɢɥɤɢɢɥɢɫɬɪɭɠɤɢɫɬɚɥɟɛɟɬɨɧɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɪɭɞɵ ɥɢɦɨɧɢɬɨɜɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɬɨɜɵɣ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɛɚɪɢɬ ɛɚɪɢɬɨ ɜɵɣ ɛɟɬɨɧ
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Ȼɟɬɨɧɵ |
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ɉɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɉɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɉɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ |
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ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ |
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ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ |
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ɨɫɨɛɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ |
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ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɧɵɟ |
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ɨɫɨɛɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ |
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ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ |
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ɥɟɝɤɢɟ |
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ɩɥɨɬɧɵɟ |
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ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɟ |
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ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ |
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ɤɪɭɩɧɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɟ |
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ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɟ |
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ɦɚɥɨɳɟɛɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ |
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ɤɪɭɩɧɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɟ |
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ɹɱɟɢɫɬɵɟ |
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ɉɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ |
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ɉɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ |
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ɢɡ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ |
ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ |
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ɥɢɬɵɟ |
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ɛɟɡɭɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɟ |
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ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɜɟɪɞɟɸɳɢɟ |
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ɩɪɨɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɟ |
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ɚɜɬɨɤɥɚɜɧɵɟ |
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ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ |
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ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ |
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ɞɥɹ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ |
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ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ |
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ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ |
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ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɜ ɬɪɨɬɭɚɪɨɜ |
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ǸȐș DzȓȈșșȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȧ ȉȍȚȖȕȖȊ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɝ ɦ ɂɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɝɪɚɧɢɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤ ɞɢɚɛɚɡ ɢ ɞɪ Ɉɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɤɝ ɦ ȿɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɳɟɛɟɧɶ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣɤɝ ɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɫɤɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɬɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɦ
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Ʌɟɝɤɢɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɤɟ ɪɚɦɡɢɬ ɚɝɥɨɩɨɪɢɬ ɜɫɩɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɲɥɚɤ ɩɟɦɡɚ ɬɭɮ ɢ ɞɪɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɭɞɟ ɲɟɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
Ʉ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ ɛɟɬɨɧɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɵɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɜɫɩɭɱɢɜɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɰɟɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɬɨɧɤɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜ ɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɝɚɡɨɛɟɬɨɧ ɩɟɧɨɛɟ ɬɨɧ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɟ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɧɚ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɯ ȼ ɹɱɟɢɫɬɵɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɚɯ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɯ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɹɠɭɳɟɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ Ⱦɥɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɹɠɭɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɝɢɩɫɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɧɵɟ ɲɥɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɲɥɚ ɤɨɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɰɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɧɟɡɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɹɠɭɳɢɯ > @ ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨ ɬɟ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟ ɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɉɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɡɟɪ ɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɫɥɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɛɟɡ ɳɟɛɧɹ ɦɚɥɨɳɟɛɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɳɟɛɧɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɣɢɥɢɛɟɫɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɣɹɱɟɢɫɬɵɣɜɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɭɡɵɪɶɤɨɜ > @
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɤ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɭ ɫɜɨɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ >@
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɢɡ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯ ɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɟɣ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɩɚɥɭɛɤɭ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɥɢɬɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɥɢɬɶɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭ
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ɚɜɬɨɤɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɢɦɧɟɝɨ ɛɟɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɛɟɡɭɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɜɟɪɞɟɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪ
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ ɛɚɥɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɦɨ ɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɥɨɬɢɧ ɲɥɸɡɨɜ ɨɛɥɢɰɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɞɥɹ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɛɟɬɨɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɧ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɜ ɬɪɨɬɭɚɪɨɜ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɞɪɨɦɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɚɪɨɭɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɞɪ
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ Ȼɟɬɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɟ ɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟ ɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɢRɛ . Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɬ ɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ F ɬ ɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ȼɟɬɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɵ ɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ W ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ
ɦɚɥɨɣ ɭɫɚɞɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɜɵɳɟɥɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ
ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɟɡɧɚ
ɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ > @ Ȼɟɬɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɧ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ Ȼɟɬɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɢɫɬɢɪɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɟ ɚ ɛɟɬɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɷɪɨ ɞɪɨɦɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɣ ² ɟɳɟ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ