Отопление, вентиляция и кондиционирование воздуха общественного здания. Методические указания к курсовому проектированию по дисциплине «Технологически
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
ǹǺǸǶǰǺǭdzȄǺǪǶ
Институт инженерно-экологического строительства и механизации
Кафедра отопления и вентиляции
ʽ˃ʽʿʸʫʻʰʫ͕ʦʫʻ˃ʰʸ˔ˉʰ˔ ʰʶʽʻʪʰˉʰʽʻʰˀʽʦʤʻʰʫʦʽʯʪ˄ˈʤ ʽʥˍʫˁ˃ʦʫʻʻʽʧʽʯʪʤʻʰ˔
ǴȍȚȖȌȐȟȍșȒȐȍ țȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ Ȓ ȒțȘșȖȊȖȔț ȗȘȖȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȗȖ ȌȐșȞȐȗȓȐȕȍ ©ǺȍȝȕȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȣ Ȑ ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȐȕȎȍȕȍȘȕȣȝ șȐșȚȍȔ Ȑ șȍȚȍȑª
Ȍȓȧ șȚțȌȍȕȚȖȊ ȖȉțȟȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȍ ȉȈȒȈȓȈȊȘȐȈȚȈ ȗȖ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ©ǻȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȐșȚȍȔȈȝª ȗȘȖȜȐȓȤ ©ǰȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȐșȚȍȔȣ Ȑ ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚȐȒȈ Ȋ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍª
ǴȖșȒȊȈ
ɍȾɄ
ȻȻɄ
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Ɋ ɟ ɰ ɟ ɧ ɡ ɟ ɧ ɬ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰɟɧɬА.Г. Рымаров ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ©ɆȽɋɍª
ɋ ɨ ɫ ɬ ɚ ɜ ɢ ɬ ɟ ɥ ɶ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ О.Д. Самарин
Ɉ Отопление ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ ©Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨ ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɟɬɟɣª ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ©ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢ
ɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟª Ɇ ɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤ ɝɨɫ ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɭɧ ɬ ɤɚɮ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬ Ɉ Ⱦ ɋɚɦɚɪɢɧ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɆȽɋɍ ɫ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢ ɩɥɢɧɟ ©Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɟɬɟɣª ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟ ɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢɧɮɢɥɶ ɬɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɳɟɥɢɢɧɟɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣɫɜɟɬɨɩɪɨɟɦɨɜɞɥɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɬɪɟɛɭ ɟɦɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɛɦɟɧɚɩɨɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣɧɨɪɦɟɢɩɨɧɨɪɦɚɦɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢɢɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢɢɯɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɢɫ ɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ©ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚ
ɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟª
УДК 697.1 ББК 31.3
ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ©ɆȽɋɍª
1. ОБЩИЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ
Ʉɭɪɫɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ©Ɉɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹª ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ©Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ ɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɟɬɟɣª Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨ ɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ©ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦɚɯª ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ©ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɜɟª ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɟ ɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢ ɦɚɬɶɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɩɨɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɫɟɬɟɣɢɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɢ
2.СОДЕРЖАНИЕ РАСЧЕТНО-ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ЗАПИСКИ (ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ПОДЛЕЖАЩИХ РАЗРАБОТКЕ ВОПРОСОВ)
Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɬɟɩɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɦɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɂɌɉ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɟɝɨɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɦɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɌɉ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɚɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɥɹɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ± ɫɬɪ
3. ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ГРАФИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА
ɉɥɚɧɵ ɷɬɚɠɟɣ Ɇ ɢɥɢ Ɇ ɫ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ
ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜɫɬɨɹɤɨɜɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢɢɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɬɢɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞɨɜ ± ɥɢɫɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ ɢɥɢ Ⱥ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚȼɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞɵɜɵɱɟɪɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɞɧɭɥɢɧɢɸȺɤɫɨɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɆ ɢɥɢɆ ɫɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɂɌɉ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɝɭ ɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ± ɥɢɫɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ ɢɥɢ ȺɄɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɚɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɜɂɌɉɜɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɚɩɢɫɤɟ Ⱥɤɫɨɧɨ ɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɬɹɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɇ ɢɥɢ Ɇ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɥɢɫɬ ɮɨɪ ɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ ɢɥɢ Ⱥ Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɟ ɍɫɥɨɜ ɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ± ɥɢɫɬɨɜ
4. ИСХОДНЫЕ ДАННЫЕ ДЛЯ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ
Ʉɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ > @ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɹɬɢɞɧɟɜɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ©ȻªtɧȻɬɚɛɥ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ zɨɬ ɢɫɪɟɞɧɹɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɡɚ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞtɨɬɬɚɛɥ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ɢ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɜɟɬɪɚɜɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɨɞɚvɧ ɬɚɛɥɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɩɚ ɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ©ȺªtɧȺɬɚɛɥ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟ ɧɢɹtɜ ɨɬɩɨ > @ ± ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɬɢɩɚ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɩɚɥɶɧɢ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɫɚɞɚɯ ɢ ɹɫɥɹɯ ɝɞɟtɜ ɨɬ± ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɉɪɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɟ ± ɞɥɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɚ ɜ ɤɢɧɨɬɟɚɬɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɭɛɟ ± ɞɥɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɚ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ± ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɢ ɬ ɩ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɡɞɚɧɢɹtɜ ɨɬɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ ɚɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɨ > @
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɝ ɆɨɫɤɜɵtɧȻ ±ɨɋzɨɬ ɫɭɬtɨɬ ±ɨɋvɧ ɦ ɫ ɩɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ > @ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚtɧȺ ɨɋ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɨɣtɜ ɨɬ ɨɋ ɩɨ ɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɚ ± ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɚ ɩɨ > @
5. ТЕПЛОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ РАСЧЕТ НАРУЖНЫХ ОГРАЖДЕНИЙ
5.1.Сопротивление ограждений теплопередаче из условия энергосбережения Rотр , м2·К/Вт.
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ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɝɪɚɞɭɫɨ ɫɭɬɨɤɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜ |
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ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ГСОП |
( tB tот )zот ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥ > @ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ |
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Rтр |
А В ГСОП / 1000 ɝɞɟ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ |
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Таблица 1 |
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Коэффициенты А и В для различных наружных ограждений [3] |
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Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ |
Ɂɞɚɧɢɹ ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨ |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ |
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ɪɢɢ |
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ɇɚɪɭɠɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ ɇɋ |
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А |
В |
А |
В |
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ɉɨɥ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɞ |
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ɜɚɥɨɦ ɉɅ ɱɟɪɞɚɱɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟ |
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ɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɉɌ |
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Ɉɤɧɚ ȾɈ ɌɈ ɑɈ |
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ɉɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ |
ɉɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ |
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ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ± ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ
ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɫɦ ɞɚɥɟɟ
ȾɈ ± ɞɜɨɣɧɨɟ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɟ ɌɈ ± ɬɪɨɣɧɨɟ ɑɈ ± ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɥɨɣɧɨɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ
ɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɤɨɧ ± ɫɦ ɩ
Таблица 2
Значения Rотр для окон в зданиях 1-й категории [3]
ȽɋɈɉ |
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Rотр |
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Примечание:ɤ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦ ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɠɢ ɬɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪ ɧɚɬɵ ɤ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɦ ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ± ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɞɜɟɪɟɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɚɧɢ
ɬɚɪɧɨ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ > @
тр |
0,6 |
tв.от tнБ |
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Ro |
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в t |
н |
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ɝɞɟ Įɜ ȼɬ ɦ āɄ ± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ǻWɧ± ɧɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɩɨɦɟ
ɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟɨɋ ɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ±ɨɋ
5.2.После выбора Rотр |
основных ограждений вычисляется |
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удельная теплозащитная характеристика здания |
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§ n |
A · |
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¨ |
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i i ¸ |
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kоб 6¨ |
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¸ |
Vот ȼɬ ɦ āɄ |
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тр |
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© |
Ro.i ¹ |
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Ɂɞɟɫɶ Vɨɬ ± ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦ Аi ± ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɨɤɨɧ ɩɨɥɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɞ ɜɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɱɟɪɞɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹni± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɡ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɧɟɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɢ ɨɤɨɧn ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɨɦn ɞɥɹ ɱɟɪɞɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹn
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟkɨɛɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɦ
0,16 |
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10 |
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Vот |
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kобтр |
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ȼɬ ɦ āɄ |
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ГСОП 0,61 |
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0,00013 |
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Rотр kобтр
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨkɨɛ!kобтр ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹkɨɛ
ɉɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ Rотр ɞɥɹ ɨɤɨɧ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɢɩ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
> @ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɚɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟRRɛɵɥɨ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɦ ɛzɥɶɲɢɦ ɤRотр
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Таблица 3 |
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Теплотехнические характеристики различных типов остекления |
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Ɉɛɨ |
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟ |
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Ɍɢɩ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɹ |
ɡɧɚɱɟ |
ɧɢɟRRɦ āɄ ȼɬ ɩɪɢ |
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ɧɢɟ |
ɦɟɠɫɬɟɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɫ |
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ɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ± ɦɦ |
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Ⱦɜɨɣɧɨɟ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɚɯ |
ȾɈ |
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Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ |
ȾɈ |
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Ɍɪɨɣɧɨɟ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɟ |
ɌɈ |
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ɬɚɯ |
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ɑɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɥɨɣɧɨɟ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟ |
ɑɈ |
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ɩɥɟɬɚɯ |
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Ɉɞɧɨɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɚɤɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ |
ȾɈ |
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Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɪɝɨɧɨɦ |
ȾɈ |
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Ɉɞɧɨɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɚɤɟɬ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ ɫ ɦɹɝ |
ȾɈ |
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ɤɢɦ ɧɢɡɤɨɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ |
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Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɪɝɨɧɨɦ |
ȾɈ |
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Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɢɩɬɨɧɨɦ |
ȾɈ |
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Ⱦɜɭɯɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɚɤɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ |
ɌɈ |
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Ⱦɜɭɯɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɚɤɟɬ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ ɫ ɦɹɝ |
ɌɈ |
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ɤɢɦ ɧɢɡɤɨɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ |
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Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɪɝɨɧɨɦ |
ɌɈ |
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Ⱦɜɭɯɤɚɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɚɤɟɬ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɬɟɤɥɚɦɢ ɫ ɦɹɝ |
ɌɈ |
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ɤɢɦ ɧɢɡɤɨɷɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ |
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5.4. После этого вычисляется требуемое сопротивление окон воздухопроницанию, м2·ч/кг
R |
тр |
1 § |
'P ·0,67 |
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¨ |
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¸ |
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u |
gиmax © |
10 |
¹ |
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ɝɞɟgиmax ± ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɝ ɦ āɱ Ⱦɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɤɝ ɦ āɱ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ ɧɢɢ ɨɤɨɧ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɚɯ ɢ ɤɝ ɦ āɱ ± ɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɯ ɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ± ɤɝ ɦ āɱ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɨɤɨɧ
ǻɊ±ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɯ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɜɟɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɉɚ
P 5,4H( Υн Υв ) 0,29Υнvн2 ɝɞɟ ɇ ± ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɞɨ ɜɟɪɯɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɲɚɯɬɵ ɬ ɟ ɞɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɭ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ȡɧɢ ȡɜ± ɩɥɨɬ ɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɤɝ ɦ ɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
Υ |
353 |
ɝɞɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵtɞɥɹ ȡɧɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹtɧȻɚ ɞɥɹ ȡɜ± ɜɟ |
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t 273 |
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ɥɢɱɢɧɚtɜ ɨɬ
Ⱦɥɹɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɩɪɨ ɧɢɰɚɧɢɸRuфактɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɦɭRuтр
5.5.Вычисление коэффициентов теплопередачи ограждений
Ki 1/ Rо.i ȼɬ ɦ āɄɝɞɟRo.i ±ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɢɯɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹɟɫɥɢɷɬɨɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ro.iɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟ
ɪɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɩ
6. РАСЧЕТ ТЕПЛОПОТЕРЬ ЗДАНИЯ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɨɥɵ ɩɨɬɨɥɤɢ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɛɦɟɪɚ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ > @
ɉɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɭ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɚ ɜɵɲɟ
ɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɱɟɪɞɚɤɚ ɬ ɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɷɬɚɠɚɩɪɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɢɧɟɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɩɨɞɜɚɥɚ ȼɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɨɬɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɬɨɥɤɚ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɚ ɬ ɟ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɣ ± ɧɚɞ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɞ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɷɬɚɠɨɦ Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɦɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ± ɦɦ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ ± ɦɦ Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɨɤɨɧ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɦɭ
Рис. 1.ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɛɦɟɪɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ
Основные теплопотериɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɭɸ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɭɸ ɤɨɧ ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
Q0 KA( tв.от tнБ )n ȼɬ
ɝɞɟА± ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɨɛɦɟ ɪɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜaîbɦ Ʉ ± ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ȼɬ ɦ āɄ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɦ ɩ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɤɨɧ ɧɟ ɜɵɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɨɧ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ
ɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɧɵKo' к Kок Kнс Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬnɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ > @ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɢ ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɟɫɥɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɨɬ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɚ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɞɚɤ ɩɨɞɜɚɥ ɢ ɬ ɞ Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɨɤɨɧ ɢ ɞɜɟɪɟɣn ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɨɦn ɚ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɪɞɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹn
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɫɦ
ɧɢɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɣ ɣ ɢ ɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚɯ
Общие теплопотери за счет теплопередачиɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ
Qтп Q0 (1 6Ε) ȼɬ
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɣ ɢ ɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚɯ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ȕ ± ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɜ ɞɨɥɹɯ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɇɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚ
ɰɢɸ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ
ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢ
ɹɯ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɨɤɧɚ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɚɤ
ɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ
ɨɞɧɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɩɨ ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹ
ɸɬ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɩɚɥɶɧɢ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɫɚɞɚɯ ɢ ɹɫɥɹɯ ɝɞɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɝɨɥ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚtɜ ɨɬ
Ʌɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɥɟɬɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɪɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚНɝɞɟН± ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ
Рис. 2.ɋɯɟɦɚ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɹɦ
Расчет теплопотерь от инфильтрации
ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɭɸɳɟ ɝɨɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɦ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɨɤɨɧ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ qɢȼɬ ɦ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
'Pp ( H / 2 h ) 9.8( Uн Uв ) 0.25Uнvн2( Cн Cз ) ɉɚ ± ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɯ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɜɟɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɞɚɧ
ɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ Ɂɞɟɫɶh± ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɞɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɨɤɨɧ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɠɟ ɦСɧ ɢСɡ ± ± ɚɷɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɜɟɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɚɜɟɬɪɟɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɫɚɞɨɜ > @ Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɦ ɜ ɩ
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'Pp ·0,67 |
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ɨɤ |
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ɤɝ ɱāɦ ± ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɣ ɤ ɦ |
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ɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɠɟ |
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ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨqu |
0,278guсв(tв tнБ )Aэɝɞɟ |
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сɜ ɤȾɠ ɤɝāɄ ± ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
Аɗ ± ɷɤɨɧɨɦɚɣɡɟɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɫɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɤɧɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɩɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟ ɪɟɩɥɟɬɚɯ Аɗ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɯАɗ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɚɤɟɬɨɜАɗ
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɤɧɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɸQu Aокqu ȼɬ ɝɞɟАɨɤ± ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭ
ɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɦ ɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚqɢɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɯɨ ɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɬ ɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢQɨɬ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣQɬɩɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣQɢɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɤɨɧ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ
ɮɨɪɦɟ > @
Форма таблицы для записи расчета теплопотерь помещений здания
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ |
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Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ |
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ɩɨɦɟ |
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ |
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ɇɚɢɦɟ |
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ |
ɉɥɨ |
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
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ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ |
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tɜ ɨɬ & |
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ɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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ɰɢɹ |
aîb |
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ɳɚɞɶ |
ɬɟɩɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢК |
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ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ |
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tɜ ɨɬ±tɧȻ n |
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Продолжение таблицы |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ |
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ȾɨɛɚɜɤɢΕ |
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Ɍɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɢ |
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ɬɟɩɥɨɩɨɬɟɪɢ |
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
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ɇɚ ɨɪɢɟɧ |
ɩɪɨɱɢɟ |
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Ɉɬ ɬɟɩɥɨ |
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ɉɪɢ ɢɧɮɢɥɶ |
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ɈɛɳɢɟQɨɬ |
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Qɨȼɬ |
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ɬɚɰɢɸ |
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ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ |
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ɬɪɚɰɢɢQɢȼɬ |
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ȼɬ |
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Qɬɩȼɬ |
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ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɧɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
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Таблица 4 |
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Пример заполнения таблицы для записи расчета теплопотерь |
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помещений здания (для помещения обеденного зала |
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на 2-м этаже – см. рисунок П.1 приложения) |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚ |
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ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ |
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ |
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ɩɨɦɟ |
ɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟ |
ɇɚɢɦɟ |
Ɉɪɢ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ |
ɉɥɨ |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɦɟɳɟ |
ɳɟɧɢɹ ɢtɜ ɨɬ |
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