Обеспечение безопасной эксплуатации объектов трубопроводного транспорта. Учебно-методическое пособие
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ȼ ɝɨɞɭ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɈɉɈ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨ ɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ > @
I ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ – ,, ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ –
,,, ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ – ,9 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ –
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨ ɞɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɵɫ ɤɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ – ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɬɵɫ ɤɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ – ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɬɵɫ ɤɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ – ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɬɵɫ ɤɦ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɚɦɦɢɚɤɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ – ɬɵɫ ɤɦ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɒɎɅɍ – ɬɵɫ ɤɦ ȼ ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɆɌɌ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ –
ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚ
ɜɢɥ ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ – ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ – ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ – ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ
ȼ ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɆɌ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɡɦɚ Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɡɦɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɴ ɟɤɬɚɯ ɆɌɌ ɜ – ɝɝ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ > @
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɡɦɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɴ ɟɤɬɚɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ > @
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Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɆɌɌ ɜ – ɝɨɞɚɯ
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ɑɢɫɥɨ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ |
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Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɩɨ ɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɮɚɤ ɬɨɪɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɚɪɢɣ
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɈɈɈ ©Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɚɡ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚª ɚɜɚɪɢɹ
ɈɈɈ ©Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɚɡ ɘɝɨɪɫɤª ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɈɈɈ ©Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɚɡ ɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɢɣª ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ȺɈ ©ɑɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɜɨ ɞɵª ɚɜɚɪɢɹ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɆɆɌ ɩɪɨɢɫ ɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɜ – ɝɨɞɚɯ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɊɎ ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ >1 @
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɧɨɹɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɨɦ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɩɪɨɜɨ ɞɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ©ɒɟɫɯɚɪɢɫª ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ©Ƚɪɭɲɨɜɚɹª ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ ɬɚɬɟ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɨɩɨɪɨɠ ɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɀȻɊ ʋ Ɋɉ ©Ƚɪɭɲɟɜɚɹª ɫ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɭɲɟɧɢ ɟɦ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɨɠɨɝɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɹɠɟ ɫɬɢ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɞɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɀȻɊ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ – ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɗɤɨ
ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɨɬ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ – ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɜ ȺɈ ©Ɉɦɫɤɝɚɡɫɬɪɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹª ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɛɟɡ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢȺɈ ©Ɉɦɫɤɝɚɡɫɬɪɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹª ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɹ ɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ©Ƚɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ-ɨɬɜɨɞ ɨɬ ȽɊɋ ɝɨɞɚ Ɉɦɫɤɚ – ɩ Ɋɟɱɧɨɣ Ɉɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɞɨ ȽɊɋ ɜ ɪ ɩ Ɍɚɜɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟª ɇɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ ɧɚ ɤɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ-ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɨɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ ɭɝɥɚ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ-ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɫ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ – ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡ ɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚɜɟɫɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɚɬ ɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ
Ɉɞɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɜɧɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɭɚɩɫɟ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ©Ɍɢɯɨɪɟɰɤ – Ɍɭɚɩɫɟª Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɞɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɊɍɆɇ ȺɈ ©ɑɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɬɪɚɧɫɧɟɮɬɶª ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɨɦ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢ ɟɦ ɟɟ ɜ ɪɟɤɭ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɤɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ©Ʉɭɣɛɵɲɟɜ – Ɍɢɯɨɪɟɰɤª ȺɈ ©Ɍɪɚɧɫɧɟɮɬɶ-ɉɪɢɜɨɥɝɚª ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɰɟ ɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɦ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɫ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɚɪɦɟɣɫɤɨɟ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɟɦ
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɨɬ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɦɥɧ ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ – ɦɥɧ ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɵɥ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɢɸɧɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ©Ƚɪɭɲɟɜɚɹª ɩɚɪ ɤɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɉɄ ©ɒɟɫɯɚɪɢɫª ȺɈ ©ɑɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɬɪɚɧɫɧɟɮɬɶª ɉȺɈ ©Ɍɪɚɧɫɧɟɮɬɶª ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ
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ɬɚɬɟ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞ- |
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ɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɝɚɡɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɪɹɞɟ- |
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ɞɨɩɭɫɤɟ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɭ |
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ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɉɉɊ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟ |
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ɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟ ɜɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥ- |
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ɧɟɧɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨ |
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ɜɨɞ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ |
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ɢ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ Ɇɚɫɬɟɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɠɨɝɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ |
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ɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɦ |
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Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɪɚɡɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ |
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ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɤɨɪɪɨ |
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ɡɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɪɟɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɨ |
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ɲɥɢ ɜ ɈɈɈ ©Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɚɡ ɍɯɬɚª ɈȺɈ ©Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɝɚɡɩɪɨɦª |
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ɈɈɈ ©Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɚɡ ɘɝɨɪɫɤª ɈɈɈ ©Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɚɡ ɇɢɠ |
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ɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞª ɢ ɈɈɈ ©Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɚɡ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚª |
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ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɚɜɝɭɫ- |
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ɬɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɤɦ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ©əɦɛɭɪɝ- |
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Ɍɭɥɚ- ª ɈɈɈ ©Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɚɡ ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞª ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶ |
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ɧɵɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɤɫ |
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ɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ©əɦɛɭɪɝ-Ɍɭɥɚ- ª ɉɢɥɶ |
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ɧɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ʌɉɍ ɆȽ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ |
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ɝɨ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦ ɫ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɢ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɟɦ |
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ɝɚɡɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɪɟɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɋɪɨɤ |
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ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ – ɥɟɬ Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ |
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ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɬɵɫ ɦ |
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɧɟ ɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɫ ɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ
ɧɟɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡ ɉȻ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ
15
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɉɄ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɪɭ ɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɨɜ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡ ɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ
ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɪɭ ɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɝɚɡɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚ ɛɨɬ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ
ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɰɢɢ
ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɈɉɈ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟɦ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟ
ɧɢɣ ɉɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɬɟɯɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ
ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɢɫɤ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɧɵɯ ɈɉɈ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɇɚ ɈɉɈ ɆɌɌ , ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ
ȼ ɝɨɞɭ Ɋɨɫɬɟɯɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɆɌɌ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ ɜ ɨɬɧɨ ɲɟɧɢɢ ɈɉɈ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜ ɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞ ɦɟɬɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ
16
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɬɟɯɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɈɉɈ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ȼ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ , ɢ ,, ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɉȻ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɉȻ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨ ɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɆɌɌ
ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɁȺɄɈɇɈȾȺɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ ȼ ɈȻɅȺɋɌɂ ɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɈɃ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ ɈɉȺɋɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ
3.1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɊɎ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨ ɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɉȻ ɢ ɈɌ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɈɉɈ Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɊɎ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɝɨɫɭ ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɧɨɪ ɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ > @
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ «Ɉ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ» ɞɚɥɟɟ – Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɷɤɨ ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ ɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢ ɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ ɈɉɈ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɊɎ ȼ ɞɚɧ ɧɨɦ Ɂɚɤɨɧɟ ɞɚɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ» ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ > @
Ɉɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɰɟɯɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɯɪɚ ɧɹɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɞ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ Ɇɉɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ °ɋ
ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɨ ɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɈɉɈ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɟ ɜ ɭɫɬɚ ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ,
ɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɈɉɈ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɵɟ ɜ
ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɈɉɈ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɉȻ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ ɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ
Ʉ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɬɟɯɧɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɈɉɈ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɬɚɠ ɧɚɥɚɞɤɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɦɟ ɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɈɉɈ Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚ ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɊɎ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɈɉɈ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɊɎ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɬɚɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɈɉɈ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɥɢɰ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭ ɸɳɢɦ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧ ɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ
ɢɦɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚ ɜɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɉȻ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɢɫ ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ
ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ
ɩɪɢɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɈɉɈ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɉȻ ɈɉɈ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ ɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɢɧɰɢ ɞɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɉȻ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɉȻ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɭ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɨɦɭ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ ɗɤɫ ɩɟɪɬɢɡɭ ɉȻ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɸ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ
ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶ ɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɈɉɈ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢ ɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉȻ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉȻ
ɧɟɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɟ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ
ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɢɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚ ɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɈɉɈ