Времена английского глагола. Учебное пособие
.pdfa car/ a bicycle/ a moped/ a guitar/ a computer /a camera/ a driving licence/ a job/ a dog / a cat (or another animal)
I've got / I haven't got
The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
(Прошедшее неопределенное время)
Образование
По способу образования форм The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense все глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные.
Большая часть глаголов принадлежит к категории правильных глаголов, которые образуют утвердительную форму прошедшего неопределенного времени путем добавления суффикса -ed или -d к основе глагола.
Неправильные глаголы образуют форму прошедшего неопределенного времени особым способом. Количество неправильных глаголов невелико, но к ним относятся самые употребляемые глаголы. Неправильные глаголы рекомендуется заучивать в трех или четырех формах.
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы прошедшего неопределенного времени правильных и неправильных глаголов для всех лиц в единственном и множественном числе образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. Утвердительную форму прошедшего неопределенного времени путем добавления окончания -ed или -d к основе глагола в форме инфинитива.
Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
(правильный/ |
(правильный/ |
(правильный/ |
неправильный глаголы) |
неправильный глаголы) |
неправильный глаголы) |
I worked/(wrote) |
Did I work/(write)? |
I did not work/(write) |
You worked/(wrote) |
Did you work/(write)? |
You did not work/(write) |
He worked/(wrote) |
Did he work/(write)? |
He did not work/(write) |
She worked/(wrote) |
Did she work/(write)? |
She did not work/(write) |
We worked/(wrote) |
Did we work/(write)? |
We did not work/(write) |
You worked/(wrote) |
Did you work/(write)? |
You did not work/(write) |
They worked/(wrote) |
Did they work/(write)? |
They did not work/(write) |
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Сокращенные формы The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense строятся следующим образом:
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
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I didn’t work/(write) |
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She didn’t work/(write) |
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_____ |
We didn’t work/(write) |
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You didn’t work/(write) |
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They didn’t work/(write) |
Отрицательно-вопросительные формы глагола строятся следующим образом: Did I not work/(write)? /didn’t I work/(write)?
Did you not work? /didn’t you work/(write)? Did she not work? /didn’t she work/(write)? Did we not work? /didn’t we work/(write)?
Did you not work? /didn’t you work/(write)? Did they not work? /didn’t they work/(write)?
The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для выражения повторяющегося действия, которое происходило в прошлом, или постоянного признака – от автора
Глагол to be в значении «есть, являться» и модальные глаголы образуют вопросительную и отрицательную форму без вспомогательных глаголов.
Пример:
9Were you at the Institute yesterday? – Yes, I was.
9He could not find any job last year.
Употребление
9 The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для выражения повторяющегося действия, которое происходило в прошлом, или постоянного признака предмета в прошлом. Время совершения действия ясно из контекста или из ситуации или указывается соответствующими обстоятельственными словами и выражениями, обозначающими прошедшее время: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last year, ago, the other day, just now, then. –от автора
Пример:
9I went to the theatre yesterday.
9The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для выражения последовательности действий, происходящих в прошлом.
Пример:
9 She switched off the light, took an umbrella and left the room.
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9 The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для обозначения действия, которое длилось определенный промежуток времени в прошлом и теперь закончилось. Для обозначения периода времени обычно употребляются предлоги for, during в значении «в течение».
Пример:
9She studied hard for seven years to become a doctor.
9She walked in the park for two hours.
9The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для обозначения действий, регулярно повторяющихся или постоянно происходивших в прошлом с фразами used to + инфинитив смыслового глагола и would + инфинитив в значении иметь обыкновение делать что-либо.
Пример:
9He used to be your teacher. – Он был вашим учителем.
9Every morning he would go for a long walk (it was typical for him) – Каждое утро он совершал длительные прогулки.
9The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для обозначения действий,
происходящих в момент речи (вместо The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense) с
глаголами understand, want, know, see, hear, believe, wish, hate, love, like, have, think и др.
Пример:
9All the time he knew exactly where he was going.
9The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для обозначения действий,
происходящих в момент речи (вместо The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense) с
глаголами чувства и восприятия: understand, want, know, see, hear, believe, wish, hate, love, like, have, think и др.
Пример:
9They stood face to face.
9The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для обозначения двух и более действий, совершаемых одновременно.
Пример:
9 While Mary drank her morning coffee, Bob read the book.
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8. The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense используется, не выражая значения прошедшего времени, после союза if, when в придаточных предложениях условия и времени после фраз it is time, would rather, wish.
Пример:
9If only I had more time.
9I wish I had a better memory.
9When they finished talking they turned to him again.
Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную форму. Выберите правильный вариант:
1.Bob came home late. 2. She gave them her dictionary. 3. He took a shower. 4. The students went to the lab. 5. They got up early. 6. Ann brought me a new magazine. 7. He left for London on Monday. 8. They wrote to me every month. 9. He read the letter out loud. 10. You did it all by yourself. 11. She spoke English fluently. 12. They sat down quietly. 13. Jim saw them together. 14. They all heard the song. 15. He paid the money yesterday. 16. Benny found his ball. 17. She remembered every word. 18. Ann made good progress in English. 19. The boys knew where to go. 20. They celebrated New Year. 21. She got an excellent mark. 22. My parents met me at the station. 23. You thought he was right. 24. We discussed it at the meeting. 25. It troubled me very much. 26. Robert repaired Ann's iron. 27. They began on time. 28. You told John about it. 29. He spent a lot of time on his English. 30. They admired her singing very much.
Выполните тест:
1.Sir Walter was a proud knight, and ... to think that he had to submit to the commands of a tyrant lord.
9had hated
9was hating
9hated
2. ... you ... the ancient stone carvings at the museum last week?
9Have …seen
9Did … see
9Had … see
3.Dinosaurs ... millions of years ago. 9 died out
9 had died out
9 were died out
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4. In the year 1620, a ship named the «Mayflower' … 120 Englishmen to the rocky coast of America.
a)has brought
b)brought
c)had brought
Вставьте глаголы в предложения в нужной форме.
buy catch cost drink fall hurt sell spend teach throw win write
1 |
Mozart |
..... more than 600 pieces of music. |
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2 |
“How did you learn to drive?’’ 'My father ...... |
me.' |
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3 |
We could not afford to keep our car, so we .... |
it. |
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4 |
I was very thirsty. I..... |
the water very quickly. |
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5 |
Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He's much better than me, so he ..... |
easily. |
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6 |
Don |
.... |
down the stairs this morning and .... |
his leg. |
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7 |
Jim .. |
the ball to Sue, who ....... .. |
it. |
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8 |
Ann.... |
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a lot of money yesterday. She ... a dress which ...... |
Ј100. |
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Ваш друг только что вернулся с каникул. Расспросите его об этом. Напишите вопросы.
1.where/go?
2.go alone?
3.food/good?
4.how long/stay there?
5.stay/ at a hotel?
6.how/travel?
7.the weather/fine?
8.what/do in the evening?
9.meet anybody interesting?
Вставьте глаголы в нужную форму, где необходимо используйте отрицательную форму.
1.It was warm, so I ... off my coat. (take)
2.The film wasn’t very good. I .... it very much. (enjoy)
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3. |
I knew Sarah was very busy, so I ..... |
her. (disturb) |
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4. |
I was very tired, so I ... to bed early. (go) |
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5. |
The bed was very uncomfortable. I |
.... very well. (sleep) |
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6. |
Sue wasn’t hungry, so she ... |
anything. (eat) |
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7. |
We went to Kate’s house but she... |
at home. (be) |
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8. |
It was funny situation but nobody ..... |
(laugh) |
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9. |
Window was open and a bird |
... into the room. (fly) |
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10. The hotel was not expensive. It ... |
very much. (cost) |
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11. It was hard work to carry the bags. They .... |
very heavy. (be) |
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Завершите предложения, используя конструкцию use(d) to +смысловой глагол.
4.Dennis gave up smoking two years ago. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day.
5.Liz …………… a motorbike? But last year she sold it and bought a car.
6.We came to live in Manchester a few years ago. We……………in Nottingham.
7.Jim ……………my best friend but we aren't friends any longer.
8.It only takes me about 40 minutes to get to work since the new road was opened. It……………more than an hour.
9.There……………a hotel opposite the station but it closed a long time ago
10.When you lived in London, ……………to the theatre very often?
Сравните, что Кэрол говорила 5 лет назад и что она говорит сейчас
Five years ago |
Today |
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I play the piano. |
I work very hard these days. |
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I’m very lazy |
I work in a bookshop now. |
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I don’t like cheese. |
I don’t know many people these days. |
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I’ve got a dog. |
I don’t go away much these days. |
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I’m a hotel recentionist. |
My dog died two years ago. |
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I’ve got lots of friends. |
I read a newspaper every day now. |
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I never read newspapers. |
I haven’t been to a patty for ages. |
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I don’t drink tea. |
I haven’t played the piano for years. |
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I go to a lot of parties. |
Tea’s great! I like it now. |
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Напишите, как изменилась Кэрол, используя used to/didn’t use to/never used to в первой части предложения.
1.She used to travel a lot but she doesn’t go away much these days.
2.She used……………but……………
3.………………………but……………
4.………………………but……………
5.………………………but……………
6.………………………but……………
7.………………………but……………
8.………………………but……………
9.………………………but……………
The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense
(Будущее неопределенное время)
Образование
The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола shall для первого лица единственного и множественного числа и will для второго и третьего лиц единственного и множественного числа. Смысловой глагол при этом стоит в форме инфинитива без частицы to.
Необходимо отметить такую тенденцию современного английского языка, как повсеместное использование вспомогательного глагола will для всех лиц единственного и множественного лица.
Ввопросительной форме будущего неопределенного времени вспомогательный глагол shall/will ставиться перед подлежащим.
Вотрицательной форме будущего неопределенного времени отрицательная частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола shall/will.
Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
I shall (will) work |
Shall (will) I work? |
I shall (will) not work |
You will work |
Will you work? |
You will not work |
He will work |
Will he work? |
He will not work |
She will work |
Will she work? |
She will not work |
It will work |
Shall (will) we work? |
We shall (will) not work |
We shall (will) work |
Will you work? |
You will not work |
You will work |
Will they work? |
They will not work |
They will work |
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Сокращенные формы The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense строятся следующим образом:
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Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
I’ll work |
I shan’t |
She’ll work |
She won’t |
We’ll work |
We shan’t |
You’ll work |
You won’t |
They’ll work |
They won’t |
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Отрицательно-вопросительные формы глагола строятся следующим образом: Shall I not work? /shan’t I work?
Will you not work? / won’t you work? Will she not work? / won’t she work? Shall we not work? /shan’t we work?
Will you not work? / won’t you work? Will they not work? / won’t they work?
Употребление
1.The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для выражения действия, которое произойдет в будущем и представляется говорящим как факт.
Пример:
9 I shall go to the country on Saturday.
2.The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для обозначения действия, которое будет происходить в будущем обычно, регулярно.
Пример:
9 I shall have driving lessons twice a week.
3.The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для обозначения серии действий в будущем.
Пример:
9 Tomorrow Mary will meet John, go to the library and borrow some books.
4.The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для обозначения действия в будущем с такими обозначениями времени, как tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, in (some) days, in a week, one of these days, some day, soon.
Пример:
9 We shall go to sea next month.
Задайте вопрос к предложению и ответьте отрицательно.
1. Some children will stay in town in summer. 2. The water in the river will be warm in July. 3. Mary and I will go to the country next Sunday. 4. They will be glad to see me. 5. My parents will work this Saturday.
Ответьте на следующие вопросы утвердительно или отрицательно в краткой форме.
1. Will you go to the cinema this Sunday? 2. Will you go to a sports camp this summer? 3. Will your friend have an English lesson tomorrow? 4. Will your parents have a holiday in summer? 5. Will you watch TV today? 6. Will you stay here for some time?
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Вставьте, где необходимо, пропущенные союзы: when, till, before, alter, as soon…as, while, if.
1. I shall believe it ... I see it. 2. You must wait ... the light changes to green. 3. I shall be ready ... you count ten. 4. He will ring up for the taxi ... you finish packing. 5. I shall tell you a secret ... my brother goes out. 6. We shall be starting immediately ... you finish your dinner. 7. I don't think he will write ... he arrives. 8. I shall always remember you ... I live. 9. I shall be cooking breakfast... you are taking a shower. 10. I shall put on my raincoat ... it starts. 11. He'll tell you
... you ask him. 12. ... you stay in the Reading-hall I'll be working in the laboratory. 13. He will stay here ... you come. 14. ... they show me their homework, I will correct it.
Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы:
1. Students often have to work at the laboratory after classes. 2. Tony had to take entrance exams in August. 3. You will have to come here twice a week. 4. She had to spend a lot of money on books. 5. They had to stay there for a long time. 6. Ann always has to get up early. 7. He has to work hard at his pronunciation. 8. Lucy has to help her little brother and sister to prepare their lessons. 9. You will have to join some sports society. 10. She has to clean the flat herself.
Раскройте скобки , используя The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense или The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
1.You will enjoy yourself if you (поедете на Кавказ). 2. Ask him if he (поедет на Кавказ).
3.We shan't be able to go out if (будет сильный дождь). 4. They say (собирается дождь), the clouds are gathering. 5. I don't know when he (придет), the weather is so nasty. 6. Tell him to wait when he (придет). I may be late. 7. Tell Mother we (не скоро вернемся), it's much too far away. 8. Tell Mother not to worry if we (не скоро вернемся), it's much too far away. 9. I'll talk to him about it if I (увижу его сегодня). 10. I'm not sure if I (увижу его сегодня). 11. She will take the children out for a walk if she (окончит работу раньше). 12.I don't know if she (окончит работу раньше), she has got a lot to do. 13. The rain won't do him any harm if he (наденет плащ). 14. Ask him if he (наденет плащ), it looks like raining.
Завершите следующие предложения, используя The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense или The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
1. If you travel by car to the Crimea.... 2. I would like to accompany you in case.... 3. If
the weather remains fine.... 4. We shall wait till |
.... 5. I should like to know when.... |
6. Don't |
go away before.... 7. Tell me when.... 8. The rain will soak us to the skin unless.... |
9. He is |
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clever enough to understand what you want if.... |
10. If it looks like rain.... 11. I am not quite |
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sure if.... 12. I understand you are going to stay at home till.... 13. Please, ring me up as soon as.... 14. We'd better stay at home if.... 15. You may go skating after.... 16. Don't forget to remind him tomorrow in case.... 17. We'll remain here and wait for you until.... 18. He must join us tomorrow; ask him when.... 19. I'm afraid I shan't be able to join you before.... 20. She promised to come tonight. Please try to find out if....
Завершите следующие предложения, используя The Present Indefinite (Simple)
Tense или The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense. |
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1. He promised to bring some new magazines. I should like to know when . . . . |
2. It goes |
without saying I will accept the invitation if... . 3. Please, tell him the news as soon as |
... . 4. Let |
her know where the students have gone in case ... . 5. She is going to travel by car this summer, but she is not quite sure if.... 6. Don't forget to put down her address for me before ... .
7. I can give you my notes on condition ... . 8. If you wish Mary to go shopping with you on
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Monday, |
ask |
her if.... |
9.1 |
am told that |
a delegation of English students is coming to our |
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University, but I don't know exactly when ... |
. 10. If he wants to go on an excursion to the seaside |
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with us, tell him when ... |
. 11.1 am afraid to disturb them if.... 12. Please, ring me up if you learn |
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when .... |
13. I'll communicate to you as soon as .... |
14. Dora expects us to come and see her on |
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Sunday. She wants us to let her know if ... |
. 15. Let's go to a cafe when ... . |
16. He will tell you |
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when he... |
. 17. You must explain it to him before .... |
18. It will be done by the time ... . |
19. I'll |
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help you to look for it until |
... . 20. This dress will lose its colour when ... . |
21. They will praise |
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us if the work |
.... 22. In spite of his promise to help us I don't think he ... |
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Выберите правильный вариант: |
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4.Perhaps in the future men ... on the sea, away from the crowded and noisy cities оn the land.
9 |
will live |
9 |
would live |
9 |
are living| |
5. The student … as an apprentice to a trained worker next week.
9 |
are living |
9shall work
9will work
9would work
6.During the apprenticeship period the student ... to earn money. 9 shall begin
9 would begin
9 will begin
7.We ... take a vacation this month.
9is not
9did not
9shall not
Заполните пробелы необходимыми по смыслу выражениями с глаголом “to be”.
To be glad , to be ill , to be late , to be angry , to be hungry , to be in the office , to be tired , to be careful , to be good at , to be sure , to be on a business trip.
Peter is shouting at Mary. He is________________ today.
You’ve got a high temperature. I think you are _________
I can do nothing at all. I had a lot of work today. Oh, I ____
You know he is going to get married. ________________ ?
Let’s meet tomorrow at 10 a.m. Don’t ________________ !
Why ___your boss ______________ again ? What time ________ tomorrow.
I need to send a fax. 20