Английский язык. Учебное пособие для студентов специалистов 23.05.06 - Строительство железных дорог, мостов и транспортных тоннелей

УДК 811.111(07)

ББК 81.2Англ-923

М 74

Могутова О.А., ст.преп. каф. ин. яз. БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова

Рецензенты: И.Б. Свеженцева, канд. пед. наук, доц. каф. ин. яз. БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова;

C.С. Алешкевич, канд. филол. наук, доц. каф. ин. яз. БУКЭП.

Английский язык: Учебное пособие для студентов М74 специалистов 23.05.06 - Строительство железных дорог, мостов и транспортных тоннелей / Могутова О. А., –

Белгород: Изд-во БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова, 2020. – 105 с.

The manual is written in accordance with the program of foreign languages for nonlinguistic universities.

The purpose of this textbook is to teach students to read, translate technical texts and conduct a conversation in the specialty in English. The textbook presents a variety of texts on subjects close to the specialty of students. The exercises will help to work out the texts carefully which will ensure their full and accurate understanding.

This publication is intended for both classroom and independent work.

Учебное пособие подготовлено в соответствии с программой по иностранным языкам для неязыковых вузов.

Цель данного учебного пособия – научить студентов читать, переводить технические тексты и вести беседу по специальности на английском языке. В учебном пособии представлены разнообразные тексты по близкой к специальности студентов тематике. Упражнения помогут тщательно проработать тексты, что обеспечит их полное и точное понимание.

Данное издание предназначено как для аудиторной, так и для самостоятельной

работы.

УДК 811.111(07)

ББК 81.2Англ-923

М 74

© Белгородский государственный технологический университет (БГТУ) им. В.Г.Шухова, 2020

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Предисловие

Предлагаемое учебное пособие разработано на основании типовой программы обучения иностранным языкам в неязыковых вузах с учетом современных требований гуманитаризации высшего технического образования.

Цель пособия — ознакомить студентов с текстами по специальности, помочь овладеть необходимым лексическим минимумом, создать типовые для данной специализации ситуационные модели с целью активизации монологической и диалогической беседы по данным темам. Задача пособия - подвести студентов к самостоятельному чтению и пониманию оригинальной научно-технической литературы на английском языке, применяя структуру и содержание пособия, и, соблюдая основной принцип дидактики от простого к более сложному.

Пособие состоит из 10 уроков. Урок включает в себя 3 текста, тематический словарь и лексико-речевые упражнения, предназначенные для развития навыков поискового чтения, направленных на проверку понимания и развития навыков извлечения частичной или полной информации.

Каждый урок рассчитан на дифференцированный подход в обучении студентов, на их языковую подготовку.

Все учебные материалы пособия носят исключительно профессионально-ориентированный, функциональный характер.

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Unit 1

I. Words and word combinations to memorize:

rail – рельса

railway (Br. Eng.) – железная дорога railroad (Amer. Eng.) – железная дорога means – значит

by means of – посредством

travel – поездка; путешествовать, перемещаться traveller – пассажир

freight – товарный поезд important – важный, значимый to play a part – играть роль

develop – развивать, разрабатывать

development – развитие, разработка, достижение depend (on, upon) – зависеть (от)

fast (ant. slow) train – скорый поезд safe – безопасный, надежный

(the) very – тот самый, наилучший

operate – работать, действовать, функционировать (о приборах, механизмах) put into operation – приводить в действие (эксплуатацию)

call – звать, называть success – успех

be a success – иметь успех successful – успешный, удачный light – легкий

construct – строить, конструировать power – сила, мощь, энергия powerful – мощный

tractive power = traction – тяга; тяговое усилие difficult – тяжелый, трудный

possible – возможный suitable – подходящий suit – подходить

service – служба, услуга, сервис

put into service – вводить в эксплуатацию serve – служить, обслуживать

appear – появляться wide – широкий works – завод(ы)

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follow – следовать(за)

thanks to – благодаря (кому), из-за (чего)

place – место, расположение, размещение, размещать take place – случаться, занимать место

change – обмен, замена, обменивать(ся) introduce – вводить; внедрять; знакомить introduction – введение; знакомство

II. Read and translate the text:

TEXT A

FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAYS

We usually think of railways as a means of travel. It is true that railways are often used for travel, but their most important function is to carry freight. Railways play a very important part in the national economy of a country because the economic and political development of a country depends on a wide network of transportation systems. Although we have now faster and more modern means of communication and transport, railways are still the safest and the most popular means of transportation.

The early railways were not like the railways we have today. The very first railways used horses for drawing trains and were put into operation for transporting such products as coal, ore and timber. Later on, the horse railways were used as passenger transport in large cities.-But these railways did not last long.

Оnе of the first attempts to use the steam engine to draw passenger and freight trains was made in 1808 by Richard Trevithick, an Englishman, who demonstrated his working model in London. This locomotive was looked at with great interest when it ran on a circular track of iron rails. For a shilling the public could travel in a carriage drawn by the steam engine. The locomotive was called "Catch-me-who-can", and people could really catch it because it developed only 12 mph (miles per hour). But one day a rail broke and the locomotive overturned, ending Trevithick's career as an inventor.

In 1839, George Stephenson, an English inventor and engineer, built a successful steam locomotive which he called the "Rocket". This locomotive was much smaller and lighter than the steam locos developed later on, and it was much slower. However, it could draw a small train of loaded cars on the railway and developed an unheard-of speed of 13 mph (21 kph). The invention of the steam locomotives made the railway the most important of all means of transportation.

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Stephenson not only constructed the world's first steam locomotive but he was also the builder of the first public railway in England - the Stockton and Darlington railway using both steam and horses as tractive power. This railway was a success and Stephenson was asked to build another railway, now steampowered, between Liverpool and Manchester. Soon the steam-powered railways were already in wide use in England.

In Russia, many people had doubts about the possibility of using steam engines in the Russian winter. Nevertheless, the first railway using steam traction was put into operation at the Nizhni Tagil metallurgical works. It was a short distance line covering only 854 metres. This railway was soon followed by another one constructed in 1837. It was a 15-mile public railway between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo. The first steam locomotive in Russia was built by the Cherepanovs, father and son, who were talented and skilled workmen of their time.

Since that time many changes have taken place on railways. Still greater changes will take place in the future. We shall run more powerful locomotives and have more comfortable cars. Greater speeds will be developed by diesel and electric locomotives operated by electronic computers. A great number of other developments which were not heard and thought of before will be introduced.

III. Complete tasks for the text:

1. Answer the questions to the text:

1.What is the most important function of railways?

2.What part do railways play in the national economy of a country and why?

3.What are the advantages and disadvantages of railways?

4.What were the early railways like? What were they used for?

5.What do you know about Richard Trevithick?

6.When was the first successful steam locomotive built? What did it look like?

7.Who built the first public railway? Where did it take place?

8.What is the first Russian experience in railway building?

9.Who invented the first steam locomotive in Russia?

10.What changes will take place on railways in future?

2. Finish up the following sentences:

1.Railways are of great importance to a country because ...

2.People could catch Trevithick's locomotive because ...

3.The very first railways used... and transported...

4. ... built a successful steam locomotive the "Rocket".

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5.Thanks to .... Russia was one of the first countries to use steam as tractive power.

6.Stephenson constructed ...

3. Translate the following expressions:

An important element of a structure; to lay the rails on granite blocks; to provide drainage; to become an important factor; to place the rails in position; a short period in the history of railways; a greater stability of the structure; the unification of the distance between the rails.

I. Read and translate the text and be ready to work with it:

1.Title the text.

2.Make up 3 questions to the text and answer them.

3.Find sentences in the Passive Voice.

4.Write out 15 new words and make up your own sentences with them.

Train engineers and operators typically do the following:

-Check the mechanical condition of locomotives and make adjustments when necessary

-Document issues with a train that require further inspection

-Operate locomotive engines within or between stations

Freight trains move billions of tons of goods around the country to ports where they are shipped around the world. Passenger trains transport millions of passengers and commuters to destinations around the country. Train engineers and operators are essential to keeping freight and passenger trains running properly.

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All railroad occupations work together closely. Locomotive engineers travel with conductors and, sometimes, brake operators. Locomotive engineers and conductors are in constant contact and keep each other informed of any changes in the condition of the train. For more information, see the profile on railroad conductors and yardmasters.

Signal and switch operators communicate with both locomotive and rail yard engineers to make sure that trains end up where they are supposed to. All occupations are in contact with dispatchers, who give them directions on where to go and what to do.

TEXT C

I. Words and word combination to memorize:

to agree – соглашаться

the bulk – основная масса, большая часть passenger traffic – пассажирские перевозки goods traffic – грузовые перевозки

long-distance trains – проезда дальнего следования to depart – отправляться, отбывать

direct traffic – беспересадочный, маршрут прямого сообщения to establish – устанавливать, создавать

to cover a distance – покрывать расстояние total distance – общая протяженность

to run service – осуществлять перевозки carriage, (car) – пассажирский вагон route – маршрут

interest spots – достопримечательности stop-over – остановка в пути

to go sightseeing – осматривать достопримечательности

II. Read and translate the text and be ready to work with it:

Russian Railways

Although we all seem to agree that the future belongs to air transport, today still carry the bulk of passenger and goods traffic. Russian Railways carry 4 mln people daily. Each day more than 1.200 long-distance trains depart from the railway station of Russia. Russian railways have over 7.000 railways station.

Direct passenger traffic is established between the Russian Federation and 27 European and Asian countries.

lines covering a total distance of 90.000 km.

Modern Russian railways run a transcontinental passenger service which carries the traveler across two continents, Europe and Asia in very comfortable allmetal carriages (cars).

Tourist route trains take the tourist to the interest spots of the country with stop-overs for sightseeing.

1.Make up a short story about Russian railways (7-10 sentences).

2.Make up a dialogue on the text.

3.Find in the text the sentences in the following tenses and make the sentences negative and interrogative:

a)Present Simple

b)Passive Voice

4. Underline or mark the main idea of the text.

Unit 2

I. Words and word combinations to memorize:

as – как

propose – предпологать proposal – предположение few – немного, мало

a few – несколько surface – поверхность fill – наполнять

full – полный

while – пока, в то время как

experience – квалификация, жизненный опыт cost – стоимость (цена)

costly – дорогой, дорогостоящий

construction cost – себестоимость строительства coach, carriage (syn.) – пассажирский вагон narrow – узкий

ensure – обеспечивать, гарантировать

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frequent – частый ant. rapid – быстрый subway – метрополитен syn. underground nowadays – сейчас, в наши дни

clean – чистый

initiate – начинать, запускать

initial – начальный, исходный; отправной encounter – столкновение, столкнуться compose of – состоять (из)

assist – содействовать, присутствовать complete – завершать

still – еще, все ещѐ handle – перевозить

handle the traffic – осуществлять контроль транспорта average – средний

compare – сравнивать

compared with (to) – в сравнении с

examine – рассматривать, изучать, обследовать perfect – совершенный, идеальный

scale – масштаб

on a large scale – в большом масштабе continue – продовжать

continuous – беспрерывный, продолжительный

II. Read and translate the text:

TEXT A

UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS

The underground railways as a kind of city transport appeared in the second half of the 19th century. The first underground system was proposed for London by Charles Pearson in 1843. But most people criticized the project. It was spoken of as a fantasy. Indeed, when constructed, the Metropolitan line, as it was called, "Was not a success. It was a short distance railway, only a few miles in length, and Londoners went on travelling by surface transport as they feared to get deep under the ground. But this situation did not last long. Wishing to attract more passengers to the underground railway Alfred Stanley, General Manager of the Metropolitan line, filled the stations with flowers and wild animals in cages.

While travelling, however, public experienced many discomforts. The tunnels were made as small as possible in order to reduce construction costs. The coaches themselves were small and narrow. No wonder that people called this