Английский язык для студентов-физиков. Кинооператорство. English for physics students. Cinematography. Учебное пособие

READING. TEXT 1 1. Read the text

What is the Purpose of Sound in Film?

Sound engages moviegoing audiences in a number of ways. One of its primary functions is to deliver information, making it clear what’s happening in the plot of the film. It also adds another level to the production value, heightening the immersive nature of the production. It can tell us what’s going on both on and off the screen, and it can tell us of the intended mood of an entire scene. Without these sounds, movies could not be what they are today.

Understanding the various categories of sounds when enjoying a movie makes it much easier to break each part down and understand what it’s for.

1) Dialogue

Dialogue is one of the most noticeable pieces of audio in a film and is almost always the most prevalent. The dialogue includes anything spoken by any of the characters in the story, so these sounds are directly and specifically tied into the overall plot of the movie.

2) Narration

A concisely written and well-performed narration can turn an incohesive mess of a story into one that viewers latch onto and fall in love with. Although not every movie calls for a narration, there are multiple genres in which a narrator feels perfectly fitting. Sometimes this narrator will be completely removed from the story as a distinct voice watching everything from up above. In those cases, the narrator gives the audience a sense of omnipotence, the idea that this voice actually knows the whole story from the very beginning but is only letting us in on little pieces at a time.

3) Sound effects

Action movies would be nothing without their sound effects. If you’ve ever seen the raw cut of a scene before the sound effects are added in, you know just how much of the intensity comes from these sounds. Sound effects in many cases are the bigger, more dramatic sounds, explosions, turbo lasers, jet engines, but it also includes the little things too.

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4) Foley

Just about every action in a movie requires its own accompanying sound to make it feel as if it actually happened. When filming anything outdoors or in crowded settings, capturing clean audio is all but impossible. In these cases, actors usually have to dub in their lines in postproduction, meaning they’ll be watching themselves in the scene and match the timing of every word while recording in a controlled sound studio. These postproduction sounds are called Foley.

5) Music

One of the most well-recognized parts of a sound mix in a movie is the music. Most movies have at least some parts that are scored, meaning a composer specifically wrote music that times up with the action and emotion onscreen. An original score is by far the most impactful use of music in movies because it’s tailored to emphasize exactly what’s going on in the story.

When there isn’t a score, there’s usually some other type of music playing. It’s hard to not have music in your movie; it starts to make the soundscape feel a little dead and empty and can sometimes make your audience feel uneasy. This is definitely the goal in some cases: in things like thrillers and horror films, silence is the perfect way to build up tension. This silence is all the more prevalent when it’s contrasted with music and other sounds before and after the fact.

DEVELOPING VOCABULARY

WORKING OUT THE MEANING OF UNKNOWN WORDS

2. The following words in the box are all from the text above. Find them in the text

3. For each word, read the sentence it occurs in and answer the questions:

a)Is the word positive, negative or neutral?

b)Is it a noun, adjective, adverb or verb?

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c) Can you think of a word with a similar meaning (synonym) and one with an opposite meaning (antonym)?

READING COMPREHENSION 4. Answer the following questions

1.What is the primary function of sounds in films?

2.How does sound engage moviegoing audiences?

3.Why is it useful to understand the various categories of sounds when watching a movie?

4.What can dialogues include?

5.What is the function of narration?

6.What can sound effects be like?

7.Why do actors sometimes have to dub in their lines in postproduction?

8.What is Foley?

9.What feelings can music or its absence evoke?

5. Scan the text again and say if the statements are true / false:

1.Sounds can give you information to understand better what’s happening in the plot of the film.

2.Narration is one of the most prevalent pieces of audio in a film.

3.Narration is always used in films.

4.Films wouldn’t be the same without sound effects.

5.When filming anything outdoors or in crowded settings, it is not always easy to capture clean audio.

6.There are some genres where silence is used as a special effect in some scenes.

ANALYZE

6. Match the words with their Russian equivalents:

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7. Give the English equivalents:

1.подразумеваемое настроение

2.выразительно написанный

3.идеально подходящий

4.полностью удален

5.чувство всемогущества

6.сопровождающий звук

7.как будто это действительно случилось

8.предназначена, чтобы точно подчеркнуть

8. Put the words in the correct order:

1.could / are / they / sounds / movies / be / today / what / Without / not.

2.the / one / most / is / of / audio / noticeable / a / film / Dialogue / of / in

/pieces.

3.removed / the / completely / narrator / is / the / Sometimes / story /

from.

4.music / sound / well-recognized / One / movie / most / parts / of / a / mix / in / a / of / the / is / the.

5.build / perfect / way / silence / the / tension / up / to / is.

6.sound / movies / effects / be / Action / their / nothing / would / without.

9. Match the words above with their definitions:

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11. Use the phrases above to fill in the gaps

1.A properly written narration can turn an _______ of a story into one that viewers fall in love with.

2.Music can tell us of the _______ of an entire scene.

3.An _______ is the most impactful use of music in movies.

4.One of the most important functions of the sound is to _______, making it clear what’s happening in the film.

5.The _______ is a film genre which predominantly features chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work.

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TRANSLATE

12. Translate from Russian into English using TEXT 1:

1.Сложно представить фильмы без звуковых эффектов.

2.Звук может рассказать нам что происходит как на экране, так и за его пределами. Кроме того, он может передать настроение.

3.Хотярассказчиктребуетсяневкаждомфильме, вомногихжанрах он вполне уместен.

4.Когда съёмка ведется вне закрытого помещения или в толпе людей, сделать нормальную запись звука практически невозможно.

5.В этих случаях актеры обычно должны дублировать свои строчки на этапе постобработки.

6.Практически любое действие в фильме требует сопровождения звука, чтобы помочь понять, что на самом деле произошло.

7.Втриллерахифильмахужасатишина– идеальныйспособсоздать напряжение.

8.Если нет музыки, это может заставить зрителей почувствовать себя неуютно.

13. Translate from English into Russian

1.Some sound designers might come to believe the work that they specialize in is the most important working piece in the overall soundscape.

2.It happens mostly because they’ve trained their ears over the course of their career to recognize the specific types of sound they work with.

3.The truth is, every one of the cogs that go into the overall machine of sound engineering in film holds an equal amount of importance.

4.Without the expert application and mix of Foley, music, sound effects, dialogue, and even silence, a movie simply won’t have the emotional sway that it otherwise could.

5.Many moviegoers love the immersive experience of film for the very reason that it fully fools their brains into believing the audiovisual facade in front of them.

6.Some people say they like to turn off their brains when they watch movies, allowing the critical part of the mind to rest, accepting the events and circumstances in the plot without question.

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7. But even if you enjoy films in this way, the numerous layers of sound are still working their magic on your brain chemistry via the auditory system.

WORD BUILDING

14. Give the initial words of the following derivatives

Example: agreement – to agree

1.immersive

2.heighten

3.noticeable

4.emotional

5.actually

6.numerous

7.impactful

8.emphasize

9.definitely

10.composer

READING. TEXT 2 15. Read the text

What is the Purpose of Sound in Film? (part 2)

Can you remember the last time you had a true cinematic experience at the movie theater? Going out to the cinema is a classic pastime and even something some hold so dear that they consider it a passion. Unless you have the resources to put together your own private screening room, the cinema is indisputably where you get the optimal presentation of a film, and not just visually either. If you’ve ever noticed the way dramatic music swells or rumbling explosions cause you to literally vibrate in your seat, you’ve experienced a very intentional application of sound to provide a moviegoing experience that transcends the senses.

Immersive Experience

Many moviegoers love the immersive experience of film for the very reason that it fully fools their brains into believing the audiovisual facade in front

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of them. Some people say they like to turn off their brains when they watch movies, allowing the critical part of the mind to rest, accepting the events and circumstances in the plot without question. But even if you enjoy films in this way, the numerous layers of sound are still working their magic on your brain chemistry via the auditory system.

In fact, those who don’t spend the whole movie analyzing its sound design and deconstructing the artistic elements are even more likely to be wrapped up in the story. It’s largely thanks to the score, Foley, effects, and a myriad of other sounds that make this immersive illusion possible, and a sound designer is actually doing their best work when the audience doesn’t notice it at all.

Everything from the tone of a character’s voice to the soothing sound of flowing water can be loaded with significance. There might be a subtle emotional signal that clues the audience in on the current inner state of the characters, or the sound can be leveraged to foreshadow the events to come.

Visuals vs. Sounds

Even if the sounds of a movie are quite prevalent, it’s fairly easy for the average human ear to tune them out and not actively notice them. The first elements that people usually think of, consciously, at least, are the equally multilayered visuals they see on the screen. This falls right in line when you consider that vision is the primary human sense. This habit of visual perception naturally falls right into our movie viewing habits, and while the sounds are certainly something we’re aware of, it’s not what our brains are conditioned to pay attention to first.

All Sounds are Important

Some sound designers might come to believe the work that they specialize in is the most important working piece in the overall soundscape, mostly because they’ve trained their ears over the course of their career to recognize the specific types of sound they work with. The truth is, every one of the cogs that go into the overall machine of sound engineering in film holds an equal amount of importance: without the expert application and mix of Foley, music, sound effects, dialogue, and yes, even silence, a movie simply won’t have the emotional sway that it otherwise could.

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16. Match the words with their Russian equivalents:

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