Английский язык для студентов магистратуры = English for master's degree students. В 2 частях. Ч. 1. Учебное пособие

1After finishing secondary school and having obtained a two years course A-level2 a student in the UK can apply to a university, polytechnic or a college of education. UK higher education students are generally aged 18 or over (17 in Scotland), and have usually already achieved further education qualifications, such as A-levels, the International Baccalaureate, Scottish Higher or an equivalent qualification from the UK or another country. Many have completed a foundation or access course too.

Good A-level results in at least 2 subjects are necessary to get a place at a university. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews. For all British citizens a place at a university brings with it a grant from their local education authority.

Most courses are taught in universities, but plenty are taught at colleges, specialist art institutions3, business schools4 and agricultural colleges.

UK higher education is split into two levels: undergraduate and postgraduate programmes.

• Undergraduate programmes include bachelors’ degrees, foundation degrees5, higher national diplomas (HNDs) and more. At undergraduate level the main qualifications offered are: Bachelor’s or undergraduate degree and Foundation degree which is the equivalent of the first two years of an honours degree6 and may be studied fullor part-time. This programme consists of academic study integrated with relevant work-

1 From “Study-English.info. Higher education in the UK”. — URL: https://study- english.info/topic-uk-higher-education.php.

2 A-level — программа среднего образования Великобритании, необходимая школьникам, планирующим поступить в вуз. Она охватывает последние два года обучения в и итоговую аттестацию, что принято считать предуниверситетской подготовкой.

3 Specialist institutions (specialists) — специализированные учебные заведения,

сосредоточенные на одной дисциплине или небольшом количестве дисциплин.

4A business school — бизнес-школа, это школа или колледж, в котором преподаются бизнес-предметы, такие как экономика и менеджмент.

5Foundation degree — (базовая степень) британская степень, промежуточная между дипломом (Higher National Diploma) и степенью бакалавра, аналог Associate's degree в США,

предполагает обучение в течение двух лет в колледже.

6Honours degree — степень с отличием, выдаваемая студентам с высокими академическими показателями, изучившими программу углубленного уровня (название —

BA (Hons)).

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based learning undertaken with an employer. It may be studied as a standalone qualification or upon completion you may progress to the final year of an honour’s degree.

Besides there are two-year, full-time Diploma of Higher Education (DipHE)1 courses which are normally equivalent to the first two years of a degree and can often be used for entry to the third year of a related degree course. They can be academic, but are mainly linked to a particular job or profession such as nursing and social work.

The Certificate of Higher Education (CertHE) programme focuses on either a particular job or profession, or academic study. Equivalent to the first year of a full honours degree, they are the most basic level of qualification that can be gained in higher education and show that you are capable of studying successfully at university level. You can use a CertHE to gain confidence to study successfully at university level, change careers or progress your current career, or to achieve a foundation degree, DipHE or full honours degree through additional study.

Higher National Diploma (HND). It is a two-year course which, if completed with high grades, can lead to the third year of a degree.

• Postgraduate programmes include masters' degrees, MBAs, PhDs, doctorates and more. Usually, you need an undergraduate qualification to enter a postgraduate programme.

At postgraduate level, the main qualifications offered are:

1. Master's degree. A master’s qualification allows you to further your knowledge in a particular subject, or to go in a completely different direction, using the skills you’ve gained from your undergraduate studies.

A master’s degree is an academic qualification awarded to individuals who successfully demonstrate a higher level of expertise in a particular field of study. You can study one in almost any subject, but there are two main

1 DipHE — Diploma of Higher Education — диплом о высшем образовании (DipHE) — DipHE — это квалификация 5-го уровня, эквивалентная первым двум годам обучения в бакалавриате и стоящая столько же кредитов. DipHE может быть присужден студентам, которые заканчивают учебную программу до третьего и последнего года обучения для получения степени. бакалавриате и стоящая столько же кредитов. DipHE может быть присужден студентам, которые заканчивают учебную программу до третьего и последнего года обучения для получения степени.

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types of master’s: taught and research. Most master's courses lead to an MA (Master of Arts) or MSc (Master of Science) qualification, but there are also subject-specific qualifications including MEng (Master of Engineering), MFA (Master of Fine Arts), LLM1 (Master of Laws), MArch (Master of Architecture), and more. Courses leading to an MPhil (Master of Philosophy) qualification are research-led and often designed for students to progress to a PhD.

2.A Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree is an internationally recognised qualification which gives the skills necessary for a successful management career. MBA courses cover topics such as business policy and strategy, operational and strategic management, marketing, market research, finance and accounting, IT, human resource management, leadership, entrepreneurship and international trade.

3.PhDs / doctorates. A Doctor of Philosophy, or doctorate (PhD / DPhil) is the highest academic level a student can achieve. These degrees are very demanding and often lead to careers in academia (as a lecturer or researcher). Doctorate courses can be applied for by students who achieve at least a 2:1 result at undergraduate level. Although you don’t necessarily need a master’s degree, it is usual practice to undertake one before a PhD.

•Postgraduate diplomas and qualifications. For those wishing to continue their studies beyond an undergraduate degree, a variety of options are available. Postgrad certificates and diplomas allow students to study something new or build on the skills and knowledge already gained during their first degree.

•Professional and vocational qualifications. A professional or vocational qualification is usually taken to improve skills or gain attributes required by specific jobs. Most awards will involve practical training, giving you the opportunity to experience a job first-hand.

•Conversion courses. A conversion course is a vocational postgraduate qualification usually taken by graduates wanting to change

1 LLM — стандартная аббревиатура, обозначающая магистра права. Аббревиатура происходит от названия квалификации на латыни “Legum Magister”, где “legum” является множественным числом от “lex”, что означает “закон”.

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subject area after their first degree and better prepare themselves for the job market.

Taught postgraduate programmes consist of a series of lectures or seminars, and are assessed through exams or coursework. Research postgraduate programmes require more in-depth independent study, usually over a period of two or three years. You then report on your research by writing it in the form of a thesis or dissertation.

READING AND SPEAKING

Task 4.2. Read the text again for detail and answer the questions:

1.What options of higher education are possible to apply to after finishing secondary school in the UK?

2.What is necessary to have to get a place at a university in the UK?

3.What do you think the entrance interviews include? Do you remember the interview you had when you applied to a university?

4.Does a place at a university bring any grant for its applicant?

5.What kinds of higher educational institutions are there in the UK?

6.What levels is UK higher education split into?

7.What do undergraduate programmes include?

8.Speak about:

–Bachelor’s degree;

–Foundation degree;

–the programme of Diploma of Higher Education;

–the programme of Certificate of Higher Education.

9.How is it possible to get a Higher National Diploma in the UK?

10.What do postgraduate programmes include? What qualification is it necessary to get to enter a postgraduate programme?

11.What is Master's degree? What types of master’s are there in

the UK?

12.What do master's courses lead to?

13.What is the MBA course? What topics do they cover?

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14.What is the highest academic level a student can achieve in the UK? What do these degrees lead to?

15.What options are available for those wishing to continue their studies beyond an undergraduate degree? What do postgrad certificates and diplomas allow their students to study?

16.When is it necessary to take a professional or vocational qualification?

17.What is a conversion course?

18.What is the difference between a taught postgraduate programme and a research postgraduate programme?

SPEAKING

Task 4.3. Your friend asks you if it is a good idea to apply to a higher education course at some British university. You try to sum up all the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. Put down all your ideas concerning studying abroad into the following table:

Do you lack information? Then read the text “Subjects and modules, work experience and the academic year in the UK universities”.

Subjects and modules, work experience and the academic year in the UK universities1

Most higher education courses have a “modular’ structure”. This means that a student can build a personalised course by choosing modules or units of study from different subject areas. For example, if you are studying English literature, for your first year you could choose one

1 From “How modules and courses work”. — URL: https://study-uk.britishcouncil.org/plan- studies/choosing-course/modules-courses.

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module on subject areas, one module on “Children’s literature”, and one module on “Short stories”. If you are interested in more than one subject, you may be able to study a combination as part of your course, e.g., English literature and psychology. You can often decide for yourself how much time you would like to spend on each subject. ‘Joint’ means the two subjects are studied equally (50 / 50), “major / minor” means the time spent is usually 75 % / 25 %.

Some courses include a year of working in industry — for example, working for a business, charity or public sector organisation. This will usually be for the third year of a degree course or the second year of an HND1 and, depending on the employer, may be full-time paid employment. The purpose of this is to introduce you to the world of work, while gaining valuable experience in a profession you might consider after completing your higher education course.

Most full-time undergraduate courses take three years to complete (typically four years in Scotland). Full-time postgraduate courses can be from one year upwards. Part-time courses are normally taken over a longer period, so that you can work alongside your studies or learn at a more relaxed pace. There is no set length of time for part-time courses — it varies from one course to another.

In the UK, the standard academic year starts in September or October and runs until June or July. Some courses are more flexible, however, and offer a range of start dates. The academic year in Britain's universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of education is divided into 3 terms, which usually run from the beginning of October to the middle of December, the middle of January to the end of March, from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July.

1 HND — A Higher National Diploma, квалификация о высшем образовании, которая выдается после двухлетнего обучения на академических курсах, связанных с работой. Основное внимание уделяется “обучению на практике”, целью которого является приобретение студентами практических знаний и навыков, необходимых для достижения успеха на рабочем месте.

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VOCABULARY WORK

Task 4.4. After you have discussed the problem (have read the text), use the words from vocabulary box below to fill in the gaps:

in industry, the world of work, to complete, “modular”, subject areas, are interested in, “joint”, postgraduate, work alongside, academic year

1.In the UK, the standard … … starts in September or October and runs until June or July.

2.… means the two subjects are studied equally (50 / 50), “major / minor” means the time spent is usually 75 % / 25 %.

3.Most higher education courses have a … structure.

4.A student can build a personalised course by choosing modules or units of study from different … … .

5.Some courses include a year of working … … — for example, working for a business, charity or public sector organisation.

6.Most full-time undergraduate courses take three years … (typically four years in Scotland).

7.Full-time … courses can be from one year upwards.

8.The purpose of this is to introduce you to … … … .

9.If you … … in more than one subject, you may be able to study a combination as part of your course.

10.Part-time courses are normally taken over a longer period, so that you can … … your studies or learn at a more relaxed pace.

READING AND SPEAKING

Task 4.5. Read the text about British universities and answer the questions:

1.How many universities are there in the UK? What are the oldest and best-known ones?

2.What do the British universities differ in?

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3.What is Oxbridge? What another name does it have? When were these universities founded?

4.What universities were founded in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

5.Why do you think Redbrick universities had got their name? When were they founded?

6.What “concrete and glass” universities are there in the UK? When were they founded?

7.What is “a sandwich course”? Where is it possible to get it?

8.How to become a teacher in the UK?

9.What is the Open University?

1There are 46 universities in Britain. The oldest and best-known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Southampton, Cardiff, Bristol and Birmingham.

English universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in date of foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction and way of student life.

After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. Some courses, such as languages and medicine, may be one or two years longer. The degrees are awarded at public degree ceremonies. Later he / she may continue to take Master's Degree and then a Doctor's Degree.

The 2 intellectual eyes of Britain — Oxford & Cambridge Universities — date from the 12 & 13 centuries. They are known for all over the world and are the oldest and most prestigious universities in Britain. They are often called collectively Oxbridge, but both of them are completely independent. Only education elite go to Oxford and Cambridge.

1 From “Life at College and University”. — URL: https://studfile.net/preview/8958052/ page:5/.

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The Scottish universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen & Edinburgh date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

In the nineteenth and the early part of the twentieth centuries the socalled Redbrick universities1 were founded. These include London, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Sheffield, and Birmingham.

During the late sixties and early seventies some 20 “new” universities were set up. Sometimes they are called “concrete and glass” universities. Among them are the universities of Sussex, York, East Anglia and some others. During these years the government set up 30 Polytechnics. The Polytechnics, like the universities, offer first and higher degrees. Some of them offer full-time and sandwich courses2 for working students.

Colleges of Education provide two-year courses in teacher education or sometimes three years if the graduate specializes in some particular subjects.

Some of them who decide to leave school at the age of 16 may go to a further education college where they can follow a course in typing, engineering, town planning, cooking, or hairdressing, full-time or parttime. Further education colleges have strong ties with commerce and industry.

There's an interesting form of studies which is called the Open University. It is intended for people who study in their own free time and who “attend” lectures by watching TV and listening to the radio. They keep in touch by phone and letter with their tutors and attend summer schools. The Open University students have no formal qualifications and would be unable to enter ordinary universities. Some 80,000 overseas students study at British universities or further education colleges or train in nursing, law, banking or in industry.

1 Redbrick universities — Университеты Редбрик, провинциальные британские университеты относительно недавнего основания, особенно в отличие от Оксфорда и Кембриджа.

2 A sandwich course — Cэндвич-курс, образовательный курс, в котором есть периоды обучения между периодами нахождения на работе.

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VOCABULARY WORK

Task 4.6. Give Russian equivalents to the following:

Sandwich courses, undergraduate programme, postgraduate programme, bachelors' degree, academic study, a thorough understanding of a subject, full-time study, Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Education (BEd), Bachelor of Engineering (BEng), a master’s degree, PhDs / doctorates, A Doctor of Philosophy.

Task 4.7. Explain what is meant by:

full-time undergraduate courses, full-time postgraduate courses, parttime courses, sandwich courses, a personalised course, a subject area, working for a business, charity or public sector organization, academic year, some courses are more flexible, Oxbridge, Redbrick universities,

“concrete and glass” universities, the Open University.

TRANSLATION

Task 4.8. Translate into English.

1.В Англии и Уэльсе для получения степени бакалавра требуется три года учебы, в Шотландии — четыре. В случае, когда для получения какой-то степени требуется не только учеба, но и производственная практика (Sandwich courses), общий срок соответственно удлинится. В некоторых университетах и колледжах от тех студентов, которые предполагают получить ученую степень в некоторых специфических областях, таких, например, как искусство

идизайн, требуют вначале пройти базовый курс, а затем уже три года заниматься в избранной области. Учебный курс, заканчивающийся присвоением степени бакалавра, в таких областях, как медицина, стоматология и архитектура, продолжается обычно до семи лет.

2.Существует несколько вариантов степени бакалавра, присуждаемых в Великобритании. Их название зависит от специализации. Четыре основных степени — это бакалавр в области

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