Английский язык для студентов IT-направлений. Учебное пособие

Unit 9

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

Gerund

1.Complete the sentences with prepositions + gerunds (-ing forms).

2.Answer the questions.

a)Name three things which make you happy.

b)Name three things which are bad for your health.

c)Name three things you like doing when you are on holiday.

d)What are you good at doing?

e)What are you afraid of doing?

f)What are you fed up with doing?

g)How long will you carry on studying English?

h)What do you fancy doing tonight?

i)Which places would you recommend visiting in your country?

j)Which household chores do you not mind doing?

k)What do you feel like eating for lunch today?

l)What things that you used to do when you were younger, do you miss doing now?

m)Did you do anything naughty as a child which you denied doing at the time?

n)What do you have difficulty doing?

o)What aspect of English do you have trouble perfecting?

3.Translate the following sentences into Russian. Mind the Gerund.

1) He started writing the Linux kernel after which, around 250 programmers contributed to the kernel code. 2) Knowing how to find information and use Internet tools is an important skill to have for higher education. 3) A computer programmer in Bangalore or Siberia can use the Internet to work for a software company in Seattle without leaving home. 4) Reading newspapers, magazines and other documents online is more efficient than printing and transporting physically. 5) Yet doing things online is more energy-efficient only if it is genuinely displacing real-world activities.6)

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Typing in all upper case is bad as it is the same as SHOUTING. Sending emails with

“Hello” and “Thank you” is nice and polite. 7) A sensible way of avoiding system errors is to write code to check that peripherals are present before any data is sent into it. 8) This idea of using a computer mouse to “open” something runs pretty deep in the computer world. 9) By focusing on the documents, you are paying attention to the important items on your disk drive. 10) Crooked computer experts have devised a variety of tricks for getting these expensive programs. 11) Before producing radioisotopes man used X-rays for detecting flaws in metal castings. 12) On being treated by gamma radiation several plastics materials have altered their properties. 13) Vibration can alter the movement of the machine and prevent it from fulfilling its function. 14) After being released in burning, rocket fuel energy drives space vehicles into space. 15) No effective cleaning of small metal parts can be achieved without using ultrasonic instruments. 16) Instead of using X-rays the scientists used the gamma radiation for penetrating thick metal sheets. 17) The scientists are now working at complicated problems of ensuring the safety of cosmic flights. 18) Having released the energy in the form of radiation man learned to use it for detecting wear in motors. 19) We know of scientists having released the energy of nuclear synthesis. 20) Chemical energy is stored up in chemical substances, it being released during chemical reactions.

4. Match the halves of the sentences to make an article about the impact of technology on global stock markets. Mind -ing forms.

5. Open the brackets using a suitable form of the gerund. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Most celebrities have as much interest in (write) about as newspapers have in (fill) their pages. 2. Act so that every one of your actions is capable of (make) into a universal rule. 3. Sophia could not remember ever (see) her mother cry. 4. Julia ought to have guessed that she couldn't go far in London without (recognize). 5. It came to her as a shock now to realize that without ever (possess) him. she had lost him. 6. He distracted his mind by (go) to as many parties as he could. 7. She couldn't hide her disappointment at (leave out) of the team. 8. In the present circumstances they are unlikely to risk (hold) an election. 9. (Understand) the bonds of family in Shakespeare's plays is important to an understanding of his art as a whole. 10. Her tenderness for Michael and her ever - present sense of (be) for years unjust to him filled her with contrition (раскаяние). 11. There is no point in (give) him a false impression. 12. Corbett helped himself liberally despite already (eat). 13. The Duchess is very active in spite of (not be) in particularly good health of late.

6. Open the brackets using the correct form of the Gerund according to the model.

Model: I don’t enjoy (laugh) at by other people. → I don't enjoy being laughed at by other people.

1. I’m angry at him for (tell, not) me the truth. 2. Sometimes adolescents complain about not (understand) by their parents. 3. Jin Won had a narrow escape. He was almost hit by a car. He barely avoided (hit) by a speeding automobile. 4. Jack Welles has a good chance of (elect). I know I’m going to vote for him. 5. You must tell me the truth. I insist on (tell) the truth. 6. I feel guilty about (write, not) to you sooner, but I’ve been

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swamped with work lately. 7. You know Jim Darcy, don’t you? – Jim Darcy? I don’t think so. I don’t recall ever (meet) him. 8. Mr. Grow mentioned (injure) in an accident as a child, but he never told us the details. 10. I’m annoyed about (lose) all that money.

11. I appreciate (tell) the news yesterday by someone.

7.Fill in the gaps with by, without, on, in.

1. The government has decided to ban tobacco advertising and _____ doing so has made a great contribution to the nation's health. 2. I'd like to start the speech _____

dispelling a few rumors that have been spreading recently. 3. The band disappointed thousands of fans _____ cancelling their concert at the last moment. 4. You shouldn't drive for more than three hours _____ having a break. 5. The government has responded to public pressure _____ abolishing the new tax. 6. I've done something rather foolish _____ coming here tonight. 7. _____ arriving in Montpellier I found a job as an English teacher. 8. _____ waiting for her answer, he stood up and walked away. 9. He replied to the threats _____ going to the police. 10. They put out the fire

_____ pouring water on it. 11. You could hardly look at him, so grave and selfconfident _____ laughing. 12. He looked at her for a moment _____ understanding, and when he caught what she meant he laughed aloud. 13. _____ hearing the news of the air attack most foreigners headed for the border. 14. _____ criticizing the boss he risked losing his job. 15. He couldn't pass a mirror _____ looking into it. 16. Elliot told me that, _____ stirring a finger, he was twice as rich in 1926 as he had been in 1918. 17. _____ choosing her coronation stamp Queen Elizabeth examined sixty-three designs.

8.Open the brackets using the gerund. Use prepositions.

Model: I am looking forward_(see) you tonight. → I am looking forward to seeing you tonight.

1. She often complains_ (not feel) appreciated at work. 2. Her parents insisted_(speak) to the headmistress. 3. Are you accusing me_(lie)? 4. Pilcher was suspected_(be) a spy. 5. If you persist_ (cause trouble), the company may be forced to dismiss you. 6. Her failure in the very first interview may discourage her_(apply) to other universities. 7. Jack apologized_(be) late saying he had been held up in a traffic jam. 8. I disapprove_(smoke) in public places. 9. She never forgave him_(ruin) her holiday. 10. Stella finally succeeded_(pass) her driving test. 11. He objects_(speak) to like that. 12. His disability prevented him_(walk). 13. She was looking forward_(see) the grandchildren again.

9.Make up sentences about yourself using the gerund.

1. I am really fond of.... 2. I think I am (in)capable of.... 3. I am excited about.... 4. I

am quite used to.... 5. I am proud of.... 6. I am interested in.... 7. I am responsible for....

8. I am pleased about.... 9. I am sick and tired of.... 10. I am really good at....

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10. Complete the sentences with prepositions and gerund forms of the verbs in brackets. Use your own ideas.

Model: Alice isn’t interested (look)… - Alice isn’t interested in looking for a job.

1. Jane went to bed instead (finish) …. 2. I thanked my friend (lend) …. 3. I’m excited

(go) …. 4. I’m not accustomed (live) …. 5. Mike didn’t feel good. He complained (have) …. 6. I don’t blame you (not, want) …. 7. I have a good reason (be) …. 8. It’s getting late. I’m worried (miss) …. 9. I’m interested (find out about) …. 10. I’m thinking (go) …. 11. I apologized to my friend (be) …. 12. I am not used (drive) …. 13. Nothing can stop me (go) …. 14. In that office, who is responsible (take care of) …? 15. I look forward (go) …. 16. The thief was guilty (steal) …. 17. Sonya has two jobs. In addition, (work) …. 18. Please forgive me (write, not) …. 19. Sarah is an honest person. She’s not capable (tell) …. 20. Ill health keeps my grandfather (travel) ….

READING

1.Answer the questions.

1.Have you ever heard of virtual reality before?

2.What do you think virtual reality is?

3.Do you know any popular virtual reality games or experiences?

4.Have you ever tried using a virtual reality headset?

5.How do you think virtual reality could be used in education or training?

6.Do you think virtual reality will become more popular in the future?

7.Can you imagine any potential negative effects of using virtual reality too much?

8.Would you like to try using virtual reality someday?

9.What kind of virtual reality experience would you like to have?

10.Do you think virtual reality can help people feel more connected even if they are physically far apart?

2.Match the words to their definitions.

3.Read and translate the text.

Virtual Reality

Virtual reality is a high-tech gadget that allows users to immerse themselves in a digital world. It's a futuristic experience that many tech-savvy people are excited about. With the help of goggles, a headset, and a controller, users can interact with a virtual environment and even create their own avatar.

The software used for virtual reality is constantly improving, making it easier for people to take a shortcut into a different world. However, it's not always easy to navigate this new world. Users often have to learn through trial and error, figuring out how to move around and interact with objects.

Living in a bubble of virtual reality can be an exciting experience, but it's important to remember that it's not real life. It's easy to get lost in the digital world and

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forget about the real one. That's why it's important to use virtual reality in moderation and to take breaks from it.

Overall, virtual reality is a fascinating technology that provides a unique experience for users. Whether you're using it for gaming or educational purposes, it's a great way to explore new worlds and ideas.

4.Answer the questions.

1.What is virtual reality and how does it work?

2.What equipment do users need to experience virtual reality?

3.How can users interact with a virtual environment in virtual reality?

4.Is it easy for users to navigate the virtual world, or do they have to learn through trial and error?

5.Why is it important to use virtual reality in moderation and take breaks from it?

6.What are some potential uses of virtual reality beyond gaming?

7.What are some potential drawbacks of using virtual reality?

5.Read and translate the dialogue. Roleplay.

Sophie: Hey, have you tried the new virtual reality headset? Mark: No, I haven't had a chance to try it yet. Is it good?

Sophie: It's amazing! You can be in a different world and interact with everything. It feels so real!

Mark: That sounds incredible. What kind of games do they have on there?

Sophie: Oh, they have all kinds of games - adventure games, puzzle games, even sports games where you feel like you're really playing.

Mark: Wow, I need to try that out. But is it hard to use? I mean, do you have to know a lot about computers or technology?

Sophie: Not at all. They have instructions and tutorials you can follow. And once you get used to it, it's easy to navigate around. Although, sometimes I still bump into objects because it feels so realistic!

Mark: Haha, yeah I could see that happening. But do you ever get tired of being in there for too long?

Sophie: Sometimes, but I always take breaks. It's important to remember that it's not real life and we need to balance it out.

Mark: Absolutely. I think it's great that technology has made something like this possible, but we still need to live our real lives too.

Sophie: Exactly. But it's fun to escape to a different world every now and then.

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Unit 10

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

Conditionals

1.Complete the sentences with the correct form of Conditional.

1.If I ______ (see) John, I ______ (tell) him your news tomorrow. 2. Meg sleeps only

5hours a day. If she ______ (sleep) longer, her health _______ (improve) fast. 3. If you _________ (freeze) water, it _______ (turn) to ice. 4. If she ________ (want) to talk to me, she ________ (ring up). But she doesn't. 5. If you ________ (need) help with your car tomorrow, my father ________ (help) you. 6. We ________ (have) a picnic if the day ________ (be) fine. 7. I ___________ (understand) Mr. Brown if he

________ (speak) slowly. But he doesn’t. 8. If you ________ (see) a policeman, he always can ________ (show) you the way. 9. I ________ (finish) the job tomorrow if I ___________ (can). 10. If I ______ (go) on a boat, I always ___________ (feel) sick.

11.You ________ (make) a fortune if you ________ (take) my advice. Too bad that you never listen to me! 12. I ________ (not need) an umbrella if it ________ (not rain).

13.If they ________ (catch) a bus now, they _________ (arrive) at half past nine. 14. If he ________(not/know) the word, he always _______ (look) in a dictionary. 15. She

________ (get) fit if she ________ (walk) every day 3 km. But she is too lazy. 16. If I

________ (think) that about him, I _________ (say) so aloud. But I don't actually. 17. If he ________ (promise) to behave well, his mum ________ (forgive) him in some time. 18. If you ________ (want) me to, I _______ (come) for a walk with you next weekend. 19. If we _________ (can) come on Sunday, we ________ (come). I am really sorry but we can't. 20. If you ________ (heat) water till 100C, it ________ (boil).

21.He ________ (lose) weight if he ________ (stop) eating so much. However, it's only an imagination. 22. Life ________ (be) boring if we ________ (have) nothing to do. That’s nice it isn't so.

2.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb given.

1. If he had been able to afford it, he __________ her a diamond ring. (BUY) 2. If it rains this afternoon, we ________ out. (NOT GO) 3. If she _______ the exam, she won't get the job she has applied for. (NOT PASS) 4. If she posted the letter now, they

_______ it by Tuesday. (RECEIVE) 5. If I _______ about the dinner, I would have come earlier. (KNOW) 6. My boss __________ angry if John comes to work late again. (BE) 7. If my girlfriend left me, I ________ miserable. (FEEL) 8. I _________ that if I were you. (NOT SAY) 9. If I had lost my way, I _________ to the nearest police station. (GO) 10. If I __________a spider in my bathroom I would cry out loud. (SEE) 11. The teacher will be very angry if you _________ in your homework on time. (NOT HAND) 12. If you _________ to learn a lot, you would have taken this course. (WANT) 13. If you _________ quickly you will catch the bus. (RUN) 14. I would be very proud if she _________ my sister. (BE) 15. I ________ to your party if I had had time. (COME) 16. If you ________ the flowers, they won't survive. (NOT WATER)

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17. The beach would be an ideal place for a picnic if it ________ so crowded. (NOT BE) 18. If she _______ the book carefully, she would have understood it. (READ) 19. Be careful! If you touch this wire you ________ a shock. (GET) 20. She could win the race if she _______. (TRY)

3. Conditional Exercise (First / Second / Third Conditionals) Complete the sentence with a verb in the correct form.

1. (First conditional) If we ________ (not / work) harder, we _________ (not pass) the exam. 2. (Third conditional) If the students ________ (not be) late for the exam, they

_________ (pass). 3. (Third conditional) If the weather _______ (not be) so cold, we

________ (go) to the beach. 4. (Second conditional) If she ______ (have) her laptop with her, she _______ (email) me. 5. (First conditional) If she ______ (not go) to the meeting, I ________ (not go) either. 6. (Third conditional) If the baby __________

(sleep) better last night, I _________ (not be) so tired. 7. (First conditional) If the teacher _________ (give) us lots of homework this weekend, I ________ (not be) happy. 8. (Second conditional) If Lucy ________ (have) enough time, she _________

(travel) more. 9. (First conditional) If the children ________ (not eat) soon, they

________ (be) grumpy. 10. (First conditional) If I _________ (not go) to bed soon, I

_______ (be) tired in the morning. 11. (Second conditional) If I ________ (want) a new car, I ________ (buy) one. 12. (Second conditional) If José ________ (not speak) good French, he _______ (not move) to Paris. 13. (First conditional) If John ________

(drink) too much coffee, he ________ (get) ill. 14. (Third conditional) If we

__________ (tidy) our flat, we __________ (not lose) our keys. 15. (Third conditional) If Luke _______ (not send) flowers to his mother, she ________ (not be) happy. 16. (Second conditional) If the children _________ (be) in bed, I _________ (be able to) have a bath. 17. (Second conditional) If you _________ (not be) so stubborn, we

________ (not have) so many arguments! 18. (Third conditional) If Julie _________

(not go) to Sweden, she __________ (go) to Germany. 19. (First conditional) If she

_________ (go) to the library, she _________ (study) more. 20. (Third conditional) If we _________ (not have) an argument, we ________ (not be) late. 21. (Second conditional) If you _________ (arrive) early, it _________ (be) less stressful. 22. (Third conditional) If I _________ (not go) to the party, I _________ (not meet) Amanda. 23. (Second conditional) If Julie _________ (like) chocolate, I __________

(give) her some. 24. (Second conditional) If Luke _________ (live) in the UK, I

__________ (see) him more often. 25. (Third conditional) If the children __________

(not eat) all that chocolate, they _________ (feel) sick. 26. (First conditional) If they

_________ (not / arrive) soon, we _________ (be) late. 27. (Third conditional) If she

_________ (study) Mandarin, she _________ (go) to Beijing. 28. (Second conditional) If we ___________ (not be) so tired, we _________ (go) out. 29. (First conditional) If you _________ (buy) the present, I _______ (wrap) it up. 30. (First conditional) If Lucy __________ (not quit) her job soon, she _________ (go) crazy.

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4. Fill in the right form of the verbs in the brackets. e. g. If I were (be) you, I wouldn’t lie about my age.

1) I will tell you if I ______ (need) anything. 2) If I ______(have) her number, I would call her immediately. 3) If you ________(water) plants regularly, they grow faster. 4) If my uncle drove more slowly, I _______ (join) him for a ride. 5) If he _________

(study) harder, he will pass all his exams. 6) I ________ (not live) in this old house if I were rich. 7) If the sun ________ (go) down, it gets dark. 8) I ________ (help) you if your homework is too difficult.

5.Put together two parts of these conditional clauses.

6. Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense. e. g. If I found (find) those old photos, I will call you.

Ice melts quickly if you _______ (put) it in hot water. 2) If he were taller, Jane

________ (ask) him to dance the mambo with her. 3) I won’t understand if she

……………… (speak) Japanese to me. 4) If Peter _________ (study) harder, he would be a better student. 5) If you tell him a joke, John usually ________ (laugh) for a long time. 6) If I _________ (have) her number, I would call her immediately. 7) If you don’t help your mum, she _________ (not be) very happy. 8) If it weren’t so cold, I

________ (go) out.

7.Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.

1) If my friend tells me a lie, ………... 2) Life would be boring if ……… 3) We would go to the dentist if………… 4) If I get bad marks at school, ………. 5) If you go to bed very late, ………… 6) If I were taller, ……………... 7) I wouldn’t be very happy if ………… 8) If it snows every day next week, …………

8.Correct the mistakes and write the correct sentences.

1) Jackie always screams if she will see a spider. 2) He would be happier if he moves to a bigger flat. 3) If he doesn’t come home by eleven, I will call the police. 4) Do you help me if my suitcase is too heavy? 5) My sister would do gymnastics if she isn’t so

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