Английский язык для студентов IT-направлений. Учебное пособие

changed my life. 6. Doctors, claim money, are shameless. 7. Is there a shop near here

_____sells milk? 8. That’s the main reason _____I came to you. 9. I’ll never forget my childhood _____I was so happy. 10. People ____ live in flats shouldn’t have animals.

11. The car _____he bought last month is fantastic. 12. This is the most beautiful waterfall _____we have ever seen!

9.Underline the verb in each sentence and define the tense of the verb.

1. The film house has not developed the pictures yet. 2. Fred will have left before Erin’s arrival. 3. Florence has been a very gracious hostess. 4. Andi had lost her transfer by the end of the bus ride. 5. By tonight, I will have finished my assignment. 6. Before the discovery of the buried chest, Joe had not believed in buried treasure. 7. We have worked over an hour on one math problem. 8. Until his college years, Carl had not decided on his career. 9. The snow plows had cleared our street before the really heavy snowstorm. 10. Have the Ortons found their dog yet? 11. Olga had figured out the answer before her teacher’s explanation. 12. I have walked every day now for a month. 13. Vickie had liked Nels until their argument. 14. Alf will have jogged 70 miles by the end of next week. 15. By lunch time, Rusty had started cooking dinner. 16. Ira has practiced piano every day for a week. 17. At this rate, we will not have finished the 30 chapters by June. 18. Our HMO has added a number of new physicians to the staff. 19. The ice on the lake will have melted long before the weekend. 20. The window had cracked before the wind storm.

10. Complete each sentence by writing the form of the verb indicated in brackets.

1.(finish, past perfect) We _______ our game before the Meteors started theirs. 2. (graduate, future perfect) Margie _______ before the spring semester. 3. (vote, past perfect) Union members ________ before they saw the contract. 4. (exercise, present perfect) We _______ three times this week. 5. (talk, past perfect) The manager ______

to the pitcher twice by that time. 6. (clean, future perfect) I ________ the whole kitchen by the time Mom returns. 7. (offer, present perfect) Angelica frequently _______ to help. 8. (produce, future perfect) By the end of this writing course, you _______ a plot outline and at least four chapters of your novel. 9. (picked, past perfect) He _______

ten bushels before the truck showed up. 10. (search, present perfect) The rescuers

________ the area for hours.

11. Using Verb Tenses. The following is a journal entry of a girl of the mid-1800s in a wagon train heading for California. Supply verbs to the narrative in the tenses indicated in brackets. Use verbs from the list below.

be, expect, walk, insist, pack, lose

The first month on the trail (present perfect) _______ challenging. Before we set out, I (past perfect) ______ that I would ride the wagon, but instead I (present perfect)

______ miles every day. Mother (present perfect) _______ that I always wear a bonnet

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because of the sun. It’s a good thing that we (past perfect) _____ so many bonnets, because the wind keeps blowing them off my head and across the prairie! I think I (future perfect) ______ all my bonnets before we arrive in California.

12. Using Verb Tenses. Choose a trip you have made or would like to make. Write sentences about the trip using the following verbs in the tenses indicated.

1. see (future) 2. pack (present perfect) 3. hope (past progressive) 4. visit (future perfect) 5. be (past perfect) 6. learn (past progressive) 7. try (future perfect)

13. Past or Past Perfect Tense. Fill in the correct form.

1. Mary ____ (give) me Tony's address before she left. 2. When the boys arrived at the cinema, the film ____ (already, start). 3. Before we reached the station we saw that we

____ (lose) our way. 4. All the tickets ____ (be) sold before the concert began. 5. They took a shower after they ____ (finish) the game. 6. I asked Mr Green how many books he ____ (read) 7. Mum asked me why I ____ (not tidy) up my room. 8. Bob was sorry that he ____ (told) me the story. 9. Alan watched TV after he ____ (have) lunch. 10. The sun ____ (shine) yesterday after it _____ (be) cold for many weeks. 11. Uncle David ______ (go) to the doctor after he _____ (be) ill for a month. 12. Before the police _____ (catch) the thief, he _____ (steal) two more watches. 13. Mum once _____

(paint) a picture although she ____ (never, learn) it. 14. I ____ (not tell) my teacher that my mum ____ (help) me with my homework. 15. I ____ (be) very angry when I

_____ (see) that my brother _____ (eat) my apple. 16. The bike ____ (be) much more expensive than he _____ (think) at first. 17. Dad ____ (drive) me home after I _____

(fall) into the water. 18. Marion _____ (ask) me what _____ (happen) to me last week. 19. We _____ (eat) two Big Macs before we _____ (go) home. 20. Paul _____ (not say) that he ____ (take) Albert's watch. 21. The days _____ (become) colder after it

_____ (snow). 22. Martin _____ (tell) me that he ______ (be) in London. 23. I _____

(feel) great after I ______ (pass) the exam. 24. It _____ (be) Freddy who ______

(clean) the room. 25. When I _____ (get) off the bike I _____ (see) that one of those tires _______ (lose) air. 26. I ______ (be) sorry that I ______ (not be) nicer to him. 27. Nobody _____ (come) to the meeting because Angela ______ (forget) to tell them about it. 28. I know that I _____ (see) her somewhere before. 29. Because she _____

(not check) the oil for so long, the car _____ (break) down. 30. She couldn't find the book that I ______ (lend) her. 31. They never _____ (never find) where he _____ (hide) the money. 32. It was a firm that I _____ (never hear) of. 33. When she _____ (come) in we all knew where she _____ (be) 34. The lesson _____ (already start) when I _____

(arrive). 35. When I _____ (get) to the park I found out that I ______ (lose) my keys. 36. She told me that she _____ (work) in Germany. 37. When he ______ (paint) the kitchen he _____ (decide) to have a rest. 38. After I ______ (finish) the report, I saw that it _____ (be) too late.

READING

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1.Answer the questions.

1.Do you have a smartphone or a tablet?

2.How often do you check your emails on your device?

3.What do you use to browse the internet - laptop, tablet or smartphone?

4.Have you ever sent a text message from your phone?

5.Can you make a phone call using your laptop?

6.Is there a charging port for your device nearby?

7.Do you use a screen protector for your smartphone or tablet?

8.Have you ever used a power bank when your device was out of battery?

9.Do you experience low signal or spotty wifi in some areas?

10.Which mobile network provider do you use for your device?

2.Match the words to their definitions.

3.Read and translate the text.

Communication electronics

In today's world, communication electronics have become an essential part of our lives. Smartphones, laptops, and tablets are some of the most common devices that we use to stay connected with others. These devices allow us to access the internet through wifi or mobile networks, making it easier for us to check emails, browse the internet, send text messages, and make phone calls.

However, these devices require power to function, and their batteries can quickly run out of juice. It is important to keep a charging port and a power bank handy so that we can charge our devices whenever we need to. Additionally, using a screen protector can help prevent scratches and cracks on our screens.

One of the biggest challenges when using communication electronics is dealing with low signal and spotty wifi. This can be frustrating, especially when we need to make an important call or send an urgent message. In such situations, it may be helpful to move to a different location where the signal is stronger or to switch to a different mobile network provider.

In conclusion, communication electronics have made it easier for us to stay connected with others, but they also come with their own set of challenges. By being prepared with the right tools and knowing how to troubleshoot common issues like low signal and spotty wifi, we can make the most out of our devices and stay connected with ease.

4.Make up sentences using the word below.

1. hear/phone/me 2. email/yesterday/sent 3. charger/my/phone 4. watch/movie/the 5. computer/not/properly 6. turn/off/can 7. internet/not/working 8. buy/new/headphones 9. text/your/address 10. tablet/battery/low

5.Mark the sentences true or false.

1.Communication electronics are not important in our lives.

2.Smartphones, laptops, and tablets are the only devices we use to stay connected with others.

3.Communication electronics allow us to access the internet only through wifi.

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go out tonight, but I don’t think so. I feel too tired. 18._______ Mary come with us? 19.You ______ speak French. I can speak English quite well. 20.You _____ take an

ID card with you if you enter the stadium. Otherwise you won’t get in.

3. Fill in the blanks using MUST, MUSTN’T, DON’T HAVE TO, SHOULD, SHOULDN’T, MIGHT, CAN, CAN’T

1. Rose and Ted ______ be good players. They have won hundreds of cups! 2. You

_______ pay to use the library. It’s free. 3. I’m not sure where my wife is at the moment. She ______be at her dance class. 4. Jerry ______ be working today. He never works on Sundays. 5. You ______ be 18 to see that film. 6. You _____ hear this story. It’s very funny. 7. Dad ______ go and see a doctor. His cough is getting worse all the time. 8. You don’t have to shout. I ______ hear you very well. 9. It _____ be him. I saw him a week ago, and he didn’t look like that. 10. You look pretty tired. I think you

______ go to bed early tonight. 11. Let me look. I _____ be able to help you. 12.

“Children, you _____ cross the street if the lights are red!” 13. You _____ sit so near the TV. It’s bad for your eyes. 14. I’m sorry but I _____ give you a lift because my car is broken. 15. I _____ stop and talk to you now. I have to get to the library. 16. You really _____ go to the Louvre if you’re in Paris. It’s wonderful. 17. You _____ come to the party if you don’t feel well. 18. I don’t know where Kelly is. She _____ be at her sister’s. 19. You have passed all your tests. You _____ be very pleased with yourself.

20.You _____ smoke in your car, especially if there are children sitting in the back.

21.You _____ work this evening. I can do the tasks for you. 22. John doesn’t need a calculator. He _____ do sums in his head. 23. Passengers _____ open the door when the train is moving. 24. It _____ rain today. It’s getting cloudy already. 25. I _____ pay for the tickets because I got them from Sam for free.

4.Fill in the blanks with a modal form

CAN – CAN’T - COULD – COULDN’T - DIDN’T NEED TO - MUST – MUSTN’T - NEEDN ‘T

1. You’ve got plenty of time. You ______ hurry. 2. There’s a knock at the door. I’m expecting Paul. It ______ be him. 3. I can’t get my phone to work. It ______ be out of order 4. ______ I ask you a question? 5. That was excellent work. But I _____ do it without you. 6. She _____ be 35. She looks older than that. 7. I ______ go to work on

Saturdays. It’s my day off. 8. Tom has given me a letter to post. I _____ forget to post it. 9. Ann stayed in bed this morning because she ______ go to work. 10. He ______

play chess when he was young. 11. You ______ drive a car when you’re 18. 12. Jack spends the whole day just walking around. He ______ have a job. 13. When I was in school I ______ do a hand stand, but now I’m too old. I ______ do one any more. 14.

My mother keeps telling me that we _____ wash our hands before we sit down at the dinner table. 15. You _______ forget to turn off the lights when you go to bed. 16.

When I was a child I ________ understand adults, now that I’m an adult I ______

understand children. 17. Sally looks sad and worried. She ______ have a problem with

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something. 18. ______ I see your passport please. 19. He’ sees very badly, so he

_______ wear glasses all the time. 20. I ______ take a taxi because the bus was on time. 21. He owns a very expensive house. He _______ be a rich person. 22. I _______

swim well when I was a child. I even won the school championships. 23. You _______

go to the grocery store. We have some milk in the fridge. 24. I ______ find my keys. I probably left them at my mother’s place. 25. You ______ buy the tickets. I got two for free from dad. 26. She ________ speak so rudely to her parents. 27. The teacher always tells us we ______ cheat during a test. 28. I ______ stop laughing. The joke was so funny. 29. I _______ look at you. You’re so dirty. What were you up to? 30. ______

you turn down the volume? – It’s too loud.

5.Modal verbs: Meg in English class.

Circle or underline the correct modal verb to complete the text.

Because I come from Wisconsin, English class in Vienna during my year abroad is a mixed bag. I could / may / can 1 answer all of the reading and listening questions, but explaining why English grammar is like it is, is something I often might / can't / could 2 do. The first time my English teacher asked me to explain the tenses, I can't / couldn't / didn't have to 3 do it. She was nice about it, but it was so embarrassing!

Now, I may / could / must 4 be lazy sometimes, but when it comes to looking silly in class because I don't know something, I could / can / might 5 be very hard-working. Because my teacher will likely ask me more grammar questions in the future, I really must / might / could 6 learn the grammar rules to avoid being embarrassed again. Surprisingly, I have found I like it, I have to / can't / might 7 even become an English teacher myself someday!

6. Choose the correct modal verb from the box to complete the sentences. There are more words than you need.

could  might  must  needn’t  ought to  Should  should  Would

Tom: Harry! Hey, what are you doing right now?

Harry: I really ______ 1 get some homework done. I am falling behind in Math class. Tom: Boo! So boring! ______ 2 you like to come with us to the cinema instead and see the new superhero movie?

Richard: Don't listen to Tom, Harry. You really _______ 3 do your Math homework. Harry: Arrgh! I really want to see that! Now I'm torn. What a conundrum!

Tom: _______ 4 we try and convince you?

Richard: Don't do that Tom. Harry ______ 5 fail math if he went out with us now. Tom: Hmmm, yeah, I guess. If it is as good as they say, we _______ 6 see a few times anyway. Don't sweat it, Harry

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7.Mark the modal verbs and the modal substitutes in the text.

Greg learns about homeschooling

When I met my girlfriend, I thought it was weird that she is homeschooled. I decided I needed to learn more about homeschooling and what I learned was surprising. Now, I can totally understand why her parents wanted to homeschool her.

Homeschooling is a popular option in many countries. In fact, in some places, the next school is so far away that people have to teach their own kids. Other countries have banned homeschooling entirely and all children must attend state-certified schools. This enables governments to control what children do and don't learn.

Homeschooling parents build communities of expertise for different subjects. When parents can't teach math well, for example, they will find another homeschooling parent who is good at math and send their kids to them.

The belief that homeschooled children suffer socially isn't true in most cases either. Parents realize they ought to support their kids’ social development, so they make sure they participate in activities where they can make friends. That's how I met my girlfriend actually.

After reading up on homeschooling, I kind of wish I could be homeschooled. I asked my parents about it and they think I should be taught at home, but we don't have the resources. Both of my parents have to work full-time to keep a roof over our heads and put food on the table.

8. Choose the correct word from the box to complete the sentences. There are some answers you do not need.

can  can’t  could  may  must  mustn’t  needn’t  ought to  need to  shall  should  would

Gerry: We ________ 1 hurry, the bus is already at the stop.

Meg: Oh no! I think I’ve lost my keys. Wait, I _______ 2 get in the bus without them.

Gerry: What? Where _______ 3 you have possibly left them?

Meg: Nowhere. They ______ 4 be here in my purse somewhere. I put them in here just a few hours ago.

Gerry: You ______ 5 always put them in the same place in your purse, that way you

_____ 6 always find them.

Meg: Yes, I really _____ 8 organize my purse better. Aha! Here it is! Gerry: Too late, there goes the bus!

8.Complete the spaces in the text by using a phrase below.

may have landed, might have done this, must have used up all the food, can’t have been easy, may have discovered the island, should have done this, could have been part, might have been gods, must not have landed

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EASTER ISLAND

Easter Island, 3,000 km off the coast of Chile in the Pacific Ocean is very far from land. Today, it is a small island with few people or trees, but at one time a lot of people lived there. Scientists believe that the original inhabitants ____ by accident. Around 100 people __________ on the western coast of the island. But then the number of inhabitants increased too quickly. Scientists agree that the inhabitants ______

________ on the island and finally all died. The Easter Island statues are famous, but nobody knows why they are there or why there are so many. The statues _________ , or Easter Island ______ of a much bigger island. The statues are very large and heavy, so they _______ to move. Scientists still do not know how the inhabitants _______ .

READING

1.Answer the questions.

1.What is internet safety?

2.Why is it important to be safe on the internet?

3.What are some common online dangers?

4.How can you protect your personal information online?

5.What should you do if someone you don't know tries to contact you online?

6.What are some tips for creating strong passwords?

7.How can you avoid falling for scams or phishing attempts online?

8.What are some ways to stay safe while using social media?

9.What should you do if you see something inappropriate or harmful online?

10.How can you talk to your friends and family about internet safety?

2.Match the words to their definitions.