Английский язык для специалистов по мехатронике и робототехнике. English for mechatronics and robotics students. Учебное пособие

7. Match the synonyms.

Application, emerge, break into, design, engineering, fabrication, related to, specialization, hostile, transmission, seamless,behind the scenes, microchip, capture.

Manufacture, unfriendly, use, microprocessor, continuous, associated with, occupation, transferring, appear, create, confidentially, technology, divide, pick up.

8. Translate from Russian into English.

1.Электротехника занимается изучением, проектированием, применением оборудования и систем.

2.В этом оборудовании используются электромагнитные явления.

(This equipment uses…).

3.Инженеры проектируют приборы и системы, такие как микроконтроллеры, мощные турбины и системы навигации.

4.Электротехника подразделяется на энергетику, системы контроля, обработку сигналов, телекоммуникационные технологии.

5.Инженеры-электронщики занимаются проектированием и изготовлением микросхем.

6.Системы контроля управляют освещением, вентиляторами, кондеционированием воздуха, охраной и пожарной сигнализацией.

7.Обработка сигналов позволяет беспрепятственно отправлять и принимать звонки.

8.Инженеры по телекоммуникациям занимаются скрытыми технологиями и инфроструктурой.

9.Инженеры могут написать алгоритм для входящих сигналов и их обработки.

10.Электроника изучает методы создания электронных приборов и устройств для преобразования электромагнитной энергии.

WORD BUILDING

Конверсия– способсловообразованиябезиспользованияспециальных словообразовательных аффиксов. Форма слова одной части речи (или его основа) используется без всякого изменения в качестве другой части речи: water – вода, to water – поливать.

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Служебные слова и правило твердого порядка слов в предложениях помогают понять, являются ли выделенные слова в предложениях существительными или глаголами.

1)These houses must be finished next year.

2)This shop houses a 15-ton crane of the latest make.

3)We use many new methods in our experiment.

4)The use of this method is very important for us.

9.Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the conversion.

1.This shop houses a big crane of the latest make.

2.This room has room to room a roomy fridge.

3.We weather the weather whether we like it or not.

4.They ship goods to our city.

5.His dog dogs a fox.

6.This features a number of advantages described in the article.

7.This event dates back to the beginning of the 17th century.

8.As a rule he reports all the figures and results of the work at daily evening meetings of the staff.

9.Through electrical engineering, we can design devices and systems using electrical components.

10.Research design is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher to conduct a study.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ В РОЛИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ

Существительное может служить определением к другому существительному и в том случае, когда стоит перед ним в общем падеже, т.е. без всякого изменения своей формы. Такое существительное переводится на русский язык прилагательным или существительным в одном из косвенных падежей: cane sugar – тростниковый сахар, sugar cane – сахарный тростник.

Если в предложении стоят несколько существительных подряд, основным является последнее, а предыдущие являются его определени-

ями: state power system – система государственной власти.

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10. Match the nouns and their translation.

11. Read the text and translate it into Russian. Study the glossary.

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Electrical Tools and Equipment

In addition to proficiency in all the electronics topics listed above, electrical engineers are also required to have the knowledge and skills to use a multitude of different tools. Let's go over some of the essentials.

Multimeter

Arguably the most indispensable tool in an electrical engineer's arsenal is a multimeter. Besides measuring voltage and current, a multimeter can also help you diagnose circuits, learn about existing electronic designs and even test a battery. They can also do a continuity test to make sure traces and components are connected properly.

Breadboad

Breadboards are one of the most fundamental pieces of learning how to build circuits. A breadboard is generally used for prototyping as it is easy to replace components, diagnose issues and test without needing to solder.

Oscilloscope

An oscilloscope is used when a signal needs to be analyzed (amplitude, period, clock cycle, etc.). An oscilloscope's probe reads various types of signals, such as continuous and discrete, so both analog and digital signals can be displayed to the user.

The trusty o-scope is very versatile, and is useful in a variety of troubleshooting and research situations, including:

Determining the frequency and amplitude of a signal, which can be critical in debugging a circuit's input, output, or internal systems. From this, you can tell if a component in your circuit has malfunctioned.

Identifying how much noise is in your circuit.

Identifying the shape of a wave -- sine, square, triangle, sawtooth, complex, etc.

Quantifying phase differences between two different signals.

Soldering Iron

Soldering is one of the most fundamental skills needed when working with electronics. You only need an iron, solder and soldering tips in order to begin.

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There are other helpful terms and tools to know if you want to learn to solder. The tip is the part of the iron that heats up and allows the solder to flow around the two components being joined. Most soldering irons have the option to change the tip if one is damaged or you need a different tip for the task at hand. Soldering wick allows you to remove solder so it is easier to move a component. Tip tinner removes the oxidation that builds up at the soldering tip so you can get the most heat transfer from your tip. Flux is extremely useful – it's a chemical agent that helps lead-free solder flow smoothly.

https://www.sparkfun.com/engineering_essentials

12. Find the following words and word combinations in the text.

1.знание по всем темам электроники

2.использовать множество различных инструментов

3.незаменимый инструмент

4.проверить аккумулятор

5.макетная плата

6.зонд осциллографа

6.определение уровня шума

7.разность фаз между двумя сигналами

8.безсвинцовый припой

13. Answer the following questions, using information from the text above.

1. What are the functions of a multimeter?

2. Where are breadboards used?

3. When is an oscilloscope used?

4. What tools do you need for soldering?

5. What other tools and equipment do you study at university?

14. Read the text and translate it into Russian. Fill in the glossary.

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resistance

appliance

alternating current

sine wave

direct current

thermocouple

potential difference

solar cells

commutator-type electric machines

Current, Voltage and Resistance

When exploring the world of electronics, it is vital to start by understanding the basics of voltage, current and resistance. These are the three basic building blocks required to manipulate and utilize electricity.

Electric Current can be defined as the flow of electrical charge passing through a specified path. Also we can say as the flow of electron is called electrical current. Fundamentally electron flows from negative terminal to positive terminal.

Electric current is widely used in household and industrial appliances. Two types of electrical current are, one is alternating current is called an AC current and direct current is called us DC current.

In alternating current (AC) systems, the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction; AC current is most commonly delivered to businesses and residences. The waveform of an AC current is sinusoidal in nature. Alternating current in a circuit is represented by the sine wave. Some of the AC current such as triangular, square wave etc. are used in semiconductor technology.

First Direct current was called as Galvanic current. Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, or a system in which the movement of electric charge is in one direction only.

Direct current sources are:

1)batteries

2)thermocouples

3)solar cells

4)commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type.

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Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams.

In order to calculate the current flow through a conductor, Ohm’s law is used. According to Ohm’s law, the current (I) is flowing across a conductor between two given points is directly proportional to the potential difference

(V) between the points. The proportionality constant is called resistance and resistance plays major role in electrical energy transmission. Current is mathematically expressed as I =V/R.

Resistance opposes the flow of electron. A good conductive material should have low resistance or ideally zero resistance. An insulator should have high resistivity or ideally infinity resistance.

When current passes through a conductor, there is some heat generation due to ohmic loss (Voltage drop across the conductor due to the conductor resistivity) in the conductor. This is operating principle of electrical lighting (only in filament type) which is found by Thomas Alva Edison.

Generally, electric current is produced through Faraday’s electromagnetic induction, some other ways such as Current Conversion from Alternating current into direct current using semiconductor device and Commutator in dc machine, heating effect and mechanical movement.

https://www.electrical4u.net/

15. Answer the following questions, using information from the text above.

1.What is electric current?

2.What is alternating current?

3.What is direct current?

4.What are the direct current sources?

5.How is electric current produced?

WRITING

16.Write the summary of the text ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

17.Write the summary of the text CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE.

SPEAKING

18. Get ready with the presentation ELECTRICAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.

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UNIT 5. Energy Conversion in Mechatronic Systems

BEFORE YOU READ

1.What do you know about energy?

2.Think about some machines or appliances you're familiar with. What sources of energy do they convert?

VOCABULARY

Study the following words and phrases. Try to memorize them.

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READING

1. Read the text and translate it.

Energy Conversion in Mechatronic Systems

Forms of energy

The effects of energy can be seen, felt or heard in different ways, depending on the form of energy in question. The main forms are listed below:

kinetic energy: energy in the form of movement – a type of mechanical energy

thermal energy: energy in the form of heat

electrical energy: the energy of an electric current

sound energy: energy in the form of noise

light energy: for example, light emitted from the sun or from a light

bulb

chemical energy: energy within substances that can produce a chemical reaction

nuclear energy: energy from an atomic reaction.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. For example, in a torch powered by batteries, chemical energy stored in the batteries is converted to electrical energy, and the electrical energy is converted to light energy. Mechanical energy can be stored as potential energy. An example is a load, lifted by a crane and suspended at a high level. The weight has the potential (in the future) to be released and allowed to fall, becoming kinetic energy. Energy can also be stored when a component is elastically deformed. This is called strain energy. An example is the spring in a watch, which is wound up, then progressively unwinds.

Energy efficiency

Machines often convert an energy source, such as electricity, to another form of useful energy - in other words, energy used for a purpose. For example, a motor converts electrical energy (the energy source) into kinetic energy (useful energy). But it also converts some energy into heat and noise. As this will be dissipated into the air, and not used, it is waste energy.

If a machine converts a high percentage of energy into useful energy, it is efficient. For example, if a motor converts 75% of the electrical energy it

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consumes into kinetic energy, and wastes 25% as thermal and sound energy, it is seventy-five percent efficient. Improving efficiency - making efficiency gains - is a key focus in engineering.

Mechatronic systems are multi-disciplinary systems that combine mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering principles to achieve a specific function or task. In the context of energy conversion, mechatronic systems often involve the conversion of one form of energy into another for efficient operation.

Here are some common energy conversions in mechatronic systems:

Electrical to mechanical: Mechatronic systems frequently involve the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. This is typically achieved through the use of electric motors, which convert electrical energy into rotational mechanical energy. Examples include electric actuators, electric motors in robotics, or motors used in industrial automation systems.

Mechanical to electrical: Conversely, mechatronic systems can also convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. This is often achieved using generators or sensors that convert the mechanical motion or force into electrical signals. Examples include generators in wind turbines, bicycle dynamos, or piezoelectric sensors that convert mechanical stress into electrical signals.

Electrical to thermal: Mechatronic systems may also involve the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy. This can be achieved through electric heaters, resistive elements, or heating elements that convert electrical energy into heat. Examples include electric stoves, water heaters, or electric soldering irons.

Mechanical to hydraulic/pneumatic: In some mechatronic systems, mechanical energy may need to be converted into hydraulic or pneumatic energy for transmission or control purposes. This can be achieved through the use of hydraulic or pneumatic actuators, which convert the mechanical motion or force into fluid power. Examples include hydraulic presses, robotic grippers, or pneumatic cylinders.

Mechanical to rotational: Mechatronic systems often involve the conversion of linear or translational mechanical motion into rotational motion. This can be achieved by using mechanisms such as gears, belts, or pulleys to transmit and convert the motion. Examples include gearboxes in vehicles, conveyor systems, or robotic arms.

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