Английский язык для системных аналитиков. English for Systems Analysts. Учебное пособие

4.Users of the system … (to input, to update, to manipulate) data without dealing with the complexities of underlying data structures.

5.DBMS … (to ensure) data integrity.

6.The system can … (to prevent) duplicate or incorrect information.

7.As more organizations … (to rely) on digital storage solutions for sensitive information, … (to keep) that information safe has become a top priority.

2. Choose the correct answer.

1.What is the primary purpose of a database management system according to the passage?

a.To store large amounts of data.

b.To provide an organized way to manage data.

c.To make it easier for users to work with data.

d.To ensure data integrity and security.

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of DBMS in the passage?

a.Relational databases.

b.Non-relational databases.

c.Cloud-based databases.

d.Excel spreadsheets.

3.Which feature of a DBMS helps prevent incorrect information from being entered into the database?

a.Encryption algorithms.

b.User authentication mechanisms.

c.Referential integrity checks.

d.Access controls.

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4.What advantage of a DBMS is mentioned in the passage?

a.It allows users to perform complex mathematical calculations on data.

b.It provides robust security features to protect sensitive information.

c.It enables users to create and manage databases, tables, queries, and reports.

d.It makes it easier for users to deal with the underlying data structures.

5.Which of the following is a primary function of a DBMS according to the passage?

a.Allowing users to input, update, and retrieve data.

b.Providing advanced analytical tools for data processing.

c.Automating data backups and disaster recovery.

d.Enabling real-time data processing and reporting.

6.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key feature of a DBMS in the passage?

a.Constraints.

b.Triggers.

c.Pivot tables.

d.Referential integrity checks.

3.Give a summary of the text (ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 1).

4.Find more info about database management systems. Present your findings in class.

https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/defi- nition/database-management-system

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Text 10

History of database management systems

Pre reading activities

When was the first DBMS developed? Discuss in pairs.

Reading activities

1. Read and translate the text. Answer the questions.

1.Who developed the first DBMS in the early 1960s?

2.What was the name of the navigational DBMS created by Charles Bachman?

3.When did IBM develop the Information Management System?

4.What major advancement came in 1971 in the field of DBMS?

5.Who introduced the relational model for data and when?

6.Which university developed the first RDBMS in the mid-1970s?

7.What term was coined in the late 1990s to describe new non-relational DBMS products?

The first DBMS was developed in the early 1960s when Charles Bachman created a navigational DBMS known as the Integrated Data Store. In 1968, IBM developed Information Management System or IMS, a hierarchical DBMS designed for IBM mainframes that's still used today by many large organizations.

The next major advancement came in 1971 when the Conference/Committee on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) standard was delivered. Integrated Database

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Management System is a commercial execution of the network model database approach advanced by CODASYL.

But the DBMS market changed forever as the relational model for data gained popularity. Introduced by Edgar Codd of IBM in 1970 in his seminal paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks," the RDBMS soon became the industry standard. The first RDBMS was Ingres, developed at the University of California, Berkeley by a team led by Michael Stonebraker in the mid-1970s. At about the same time, IBM was working on its System R project to develop an RDBMS.

In 1979, the first successful commercial RDBMS, Oracle, was released, followed a few years later by IBM's Db2, Sybase SQL Server and many others.

In the 1990s, as object-oriented programming (OOP) became popular, several OOP database systems came to market, but they never gained significant market share. Later in the 1990s, the term NoSQL was coined. Over the next decade, several types of new non-relational DBMS products, including key-value, graph, document and wide-column store, were grouped into the NoSQL category.

Today, the DBMS market is dominated by RDBMSes, but NewSQL and NoSQL database systems continue to grow in popularity.

After reading activities

1. Read the statements. Are they True or False? Correct the False ones.

1.The first DBMS was created by IBM in the 1960s.

2.The relational model for data was introduced by Edgar Codd.

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3.Oracle was the first commercial RDBMS to be released.

4.Object-oriented database systems became the most popular in the 1990s.

5.NoSQL databases include key-value and graph databases.

6.The Integrated Data Store was a hierarchical DBMS.

7.NewSQL databases are currently more popular than RDBMSes.

2. Fill in the Table. Write a timeline of the history of database management systems.

In the early 1960s …

In 1968 …

In 1970 …

In 1971 …

In 1979 …

In the 1990s …

3. Find more info about the history of database management systems. Present your findings in class.

https://www.stackscale.com/blog/popular-database-man- agement-systems/ https://www.kingswaysoft.com/resources/industry-analy- sis/top-database-management-systems?srsltid=Afm- BOopeBYCtERQWsFBvCfsALEWzqyvbe3s1n0WVpK6ohJmn2Hh8j4l

4. Give a summary of the text (ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 1).

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Text 11

What is ITIL

Pre reading activities

What is ITIL? Discuss in pairs.

Reading activities

1. Read and translate the text. Answer the questions.

1.What is the Information Technology Infrastructure Library?

2.When was ITIL developed?

3.What is the key idea behind ITIL?

4.Who owns the ITIL® trademark?

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is a widely accepted set of best practices designed to support an organization in gaining optimal value from IT by aligning IT services with business strategy.

ITIL was developed at the end of the 1980's by the Central Computing and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA), a government agency in GB. The reason for commissioning the CCTA was a lack of quality in the IT services procured by the British Government, and a method had to be found to achieve better quality at lower cost. So, the CCTA set out to develop recommendations for the effective and efficient provision of IT services. This resulted in a catalogue of best practices for IT organizations, which today is known as ITIL.

Historically, IT organizations were often focused on software, hardware and other technology, rather than driven by customer requirements. So, the key idea behind ITIL is

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that IT services should be focused on client needs, and that organizations explicitly agree the services to be delivered to their customers. This should be combined with effective processes and clearly defined responsibilities for service provision within the IT organization.

During its research, the CCTA found that the requirements of the various businesses and organizations were mostly similar, independent of their size or industry sector. The recommendations compiled by the CCTA are thus valid for organizations of all types and sizes.

Since the beginning of 2014, the ITIL® trademark and intellectual property has been owned by AXELOS, a joint venture between the Cabinet Office and Capita Plc.

After reading activities

1. Make the sentences using the words and word combinations from the text.

1.Is, to support, an organization, widely accepted, IT services, from IT, Information Technology Infrastructure Library, with business strategy, a set of best practices, optimal value, by aligning, in gaining,

2.The reason, the IT services, by the British Government, a lack of quality, for commissioning, was, the CCTA, in procured.

3.IT services, the key idea, should, client needs, behind, is, be focused on, that, ITIL.

4.The, for organizations, of all types and sizes, valid for, compiled by, thus, the CCTA, recommendations, are, organizations.

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2.Put the verbs into the correct form

1.Information Technology Infrastructure Library … (to support) an organization.

2.ITIL … (to develop) at the end of the 1980's by the Central Computing and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA).

3.The CCTA … (to develop) recommendations for the effective and efficient provision of IT services.

4.IT organizations often … (to focus) on software, hardware and other technology.

5.The requirements of the various businesses and organizations … (to be) mostly similar.

6.Since the beginning of 2014, the ITIL® trademark and intellectual property … (to own) by AXELOS.

3. What do these abbreviations mean? Read and translate the sentences from the text with these abbreviations. Think of your own sentences.

ITIL, CCTA, the GB, IT

4. Find more info about ITIL. Present your findings in class.

https://www.itgovernance.eu/blog/en/the-evolution-of-itil- how-the-framework-has-reshaped-it-service-management https://www.knowledgehut.com/blog/it-service-manage- ment/history-of-itil

5. Give a summary of the text (ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 1).

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Text 12

ITIL guiding principles

Pre reading activities

What are ITIL guiding principles? Discuss in pairs.

Reading activities

1. Read and translate the text. Answer the questions.

https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/automation-tem- plate-library/jira-service-management

1.What is the purpose of the ITIL framework's guiding principles?

2.How does the "Focus on value" principle guide ITIL's approach to IT service management?

3.What does the "Start where you are" principle encourage organizations to do?

4.How does the "Progress iteratively with feedback" principle promote continuous improvement?

5.What is the importance of "Collaborate and promote visibility" according to ITIL?

6.How does the "Think and work holistically" principle emphasize the interconnectedness of different components within an organization?

7.What is the significance of the "Keep it simple and practical" principle in ITIL?

The ITIL framework is built on a set of guiding principles that shape its approach to IT service management. These principles provide a foundation for organizations to

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align IT services with business strategy, ensuring optimal value from IT investments.

Focus on value. The focus is on understanding and meeting the needs of the organization, ensuring that every IT activity contributes to the overall value proposition.

Start where you are. ITIL encourages organizations to assess their current state and build upon existing processes and practices. This principle promotes a practical and realistic approach to improvement, acknowledging the unique context of each organization.

Progress iteratively with feedback. The iterative approach allows for continuous improvement. Organizations are urged to implement changes in small, manageable increments, with a constant feedback loop to refine and enhance processes over time.

Collaborate and promote visibility. ITIL advocates for open communication and collaboration among teams, promoting visibility into processes and activities to foster a culture of shared responsibility and continual service improvement.

Think and work holistically. ITIL encourages a holistic perspective, considering the entire service value system. This principle emphasizes the interconnectedness of different components within an organization and promotes a comprehensive understanding of how they contribute to the overall business objectives.

Keep it simple and practical. Simplicity and practicality are core principles of ITIL. Organizations are advised to avoid unnecessary complexity and focus on solutions that are straightforward, effective, and aligned with business goals.

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