Английский язык для обучающихся по направлению «Криогеника и нефтехимическое производство». Учебное пособие

Speaking

Case 1

Find in the text the sentences that correspond to the following statements:

1.Long service period of cooling apparatuses is the main concern of specialist.

2.The main problem is pollution of gases inside of aggregates.

3.One of the problems is installation of a cryocooler’s case.

4.Vibration is the reason of decreasing proper work of a cooler.

5.Measurement and temperature control can ensure the strict regulation of the necessary cold level.

6.It is necessary to avoid gas mixing.

7.Sometimes metal shielding is instabled on the cooler body.

8.A vacuum space is necessary for full operation of cryogenic apparatus.

9.Various refrigeration systems work on different cryogenic substances.

10.Although refrigerant ammonia is rather harmful, it possesses some advantages.

11.By choosing refrigerant, it is necessary to adhere its useful properties.

Case 2

Speak English on the following information:

1.Key issue while designing cryogenic appliances.

2.Main reason of internal gases contamination.

3.One of the structural precautions (предосторожность) while mounting cryocooler’s housing.

4.The reason of vibration and the way of its removing.

5.Measures of troubleshooting defects.

6.Conditions of stratification of temperatures.

7.Existence of magnetic field.

8.The necessary of vacuum environment and measures of its preservation.

9.The types of refrigerant.

10.The principles of the proper refrigerant selecting.

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Case 3

Speak on the troubleshooting in cryogenic activity:

1.What should be the primary purpose of the designers of cooling equipment?

2.What technical and technological problems should be taken into account?

3.What does cryocooler vibration result in?

4.What is recommended to provide active temperature control?

5.Does the cooler magnetic field exert (оказывать) negative influence the work of the device?

6.What are the refrigerant to choose from? Did you deal with these substances?

7.Why is it important to make the right selection of a refrigerant?

8.What properties should the right refrigerant possess?

9.Have you any experience in cryogenic production?

10.Have you been to a cryogenic producing plant?

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Key to ex. Case 1, Speaking, Sect. I

1.Cryogenic engineering is a branch...that utilizes cryogenics for various … applications.

2.Cryogenic is a branch of physics concerned with the production of very low temperatures.

3.These temperatures have been used to liquefy atmospheric gases … .

4.In addition to finding ways to liquefy gases, cryogenic engineering has given the world appliances like refrigerators, air-conditioners and vacuum flasks.

5.The flasks were developed as a means to store the gases in liquid form.

6.Refrigeration allows for fress food to be stored and shipped over long distances.

7.Refrigeration systems are intended for achieving cryogenic temperatures.

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8.The latter can extend from a hospital machine…, to a long-wave instrument on a space telescope … .

9.The choice generally depends on the desired temperature level, … the required operating conditions, and a number of operational issues … .

10.The use of stored cryogens such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium has often been the preferred method for cryogenic cooling of a wade variety of devices … .

11.Cryogenic liquids can be used for cooling in a number of different states … .

12.Nearly all actual liquid cryogen cooling applications in space have involved the use of super fluid helium to achieve temperatures below 2K … .

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cooling system, decreasing temperature, heat transfer, working fluid, removing heat, heat pump, to supply heat, vaporizing refrigerant, throttling device, expansion valve, constant pressure, expansion device, saturated vapor, heat loss, condensed refrigerant, pressure drop, throttling valve, mechanical components, pressure chamber.

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Key to ex. 10, Sect. VI:

1) the process of distillation, 2) light and heavy oil, 3) distilling column, 4) trays with perforations, 5) liquid state, 6) vapor drops, 7) bubble caps, 8) heavier hydrocarbons, 9) a downcomer, 10) separation, 11) side draws, 12) reflux, 13) initial product cuts.

Key to ex. 4, Sect. VII:

1) hydrofluoric acid, 2) alkylation process, 3) catalytic cracker, 4) coker, 5) low vapor pressure, 6) formation, 7) isobutene, 8) isooctane.

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Key to the ex. 3, Sect. IX:

1.Provision of wear resistance of working parts of the coolers.

2.Structural compatibility of a cooler and the housing by mounting.

3.The drawback of coolers vibration.

4.a) Tight temperature regulation. b) Active temperature control.

5.Shielding Cryocooler Compressor Magnetic Field.

6.Providing for an external vacuum environment.

7.Choosing (selecting) the proper (right) refrigerant.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.Omsk oil refinery [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://omsk npz/history.htm...(дата обращения 29.01.2019).

2.Paradopoulos, A. M., Koroneos, C. G. Refrigeration and cryogenic systems [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://greenplanet.eolss.net/Eo1ssLogn /searchdt_advanced/searchdt_cat... (дата обращения15.10.2018).

3.Refinery Process. Industry Guide. Valket Control Products [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.pro-quip.com/images/proquip.com... (дата обращения 29.01.2019).

4.Ross, R. Y. Refrigeration Systems for Achieving Cryogenic Temperatures / R. Y. Ross // Low Temperature Materials and Mechanisms. – Y. Bar-Cohen, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fl., 2016. – Ch. 6. – P. 109–181.

5.Merriam-Webster’s Bibliographical Dictionary / Merriam-Webster’s, Inc., Publishers. – Springfield, Massachusetts, 1995. – 1170 p.

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