Английский язык для обучающихся по направлению «Криогеника и нефтехимическое производство». Учебное пособие

Case 2

Speak English on the following information, concerning existing cycles of cryogenics:

1.How do mechanical refrigerators generate cooling temperatures?

2.What are the working principles of various cycles?

3.What is effected by various types of electric current?

4.What are the most widely spread types of refrigeration?

5.How is it possible to calculate the working power of a cooler?

6.Where are Stirling coolers applied?

7.What is the difference between the classic Stirling cooler and Pulse Tube?

8.What are the most familiar types of Joule-Thomson systems?

9.How does a reverse-Brayton cycle differ from the Joule-Thomson one?

10.What main peculiarities influence the efficiency of turbo-Brayton cryo-

cooler?

Case 3

Speak on the types and design of refrigerators and cryocoolers:

1.Are you acquainted with the described systems and cycles of cryogenics?

2.Have you seen mechanical cooling units?

3.The key element in any refrigeration system is “pressure”, why?

4.What are two different indispensible (неотъемлемых) bases of cryocooling systems work?

5.Did you really work at one of the known refrigeration plants (установка)?

6. Did you theoretically study the design and principles of performance of cryogenic coolers?

7.Can you calculate the coefficient of performance of a refrigerator?

8.What is common and what is different between various coolers?

9.What are the fields of application of cryocoolers?

10.Can you explain why various coolers work at different types of electric current? What does it depend on?

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RART II. OIL REFINERY

SECTION V

Omsk Refinery Plant

Grammar: The Passive Voice. Word-formation: Suffix -ing forms.

Speaking: The history of Omsk Refinery Plant.

Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:

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Vocabulary development: word building (-ing forms)

Слова с суффиксом -ing в английском языке могут образовывать:

1)причастие настоящего времени (Participle I), которое может переводиться на русский язык причастием настоящего времени (например, the processing industry – перерабатывающая промышленность) или деепричастием (например, improving the environment… – улучшая состояние окружающей среды…);

2)герундий (Gerund), который чаще всего, как и имя существительное, отвечает на вопрос «что?» и обозначает процесс действия, переводится на русский язык именем существительным (например, the systems for cleaning products – си-

стемы для очистки продуктов, the issues of increasing the degree of industrial safety

–вопросы повышения степени промышленной безопасности). Герундий может также употребляться в качестве определения перед существительным (например, the catalytic cracking system – система каталитического крекинга). Признаком герундия также является любой предлог, стоящий перед словом с суффиксом -ing

(например, the raw material for processing – сырьё для переработки);

3)отглагольное существительное, признаком которого является наличие перед -ing формой артикля и употребление предлога of перед последующим существительным (например, by the beginning of the XXI century – к началу

XXI века);

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4)иногда слова с суффиксом -ing являются прилагательными (например, outstanding – выдающийся);

5)в некоторых случаях слова с суффиксом -ing могут быть предлогами или союзами (например, according to – согласно, по, during – в течение, во время). Их нужно запомнить.

Exercise 1. Write down the sentences with -ing forms from the text. Analyze what part of speech it is and translate the sentences.

Exercise 2. Find in the text sentences with numerals, dates and try to read them correctly. Translate these sentences.

Grammar study: The Passive Voice

The Passive Voice (пассивный / страдательный залог) показывает, что предмет или лицо, являющееся подлежащим, подвергается действию.

Пассивный залог образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола “to be” в соответствующем времени и причастия прошедшего времени (Participle II) смыслового глагола.

Таблица временных форм пассивного залога

Если указывается лицо или предмет, производящие действие, то они вводятся предлогами “by” или “with”.

Samples: Omsk Refinery was recognized by WRA (World Association Refineries) the best oil refinery in 2012.

A signal is obtained with a control panel.

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На русский язык пассивный залог может переводиться следующими способами:

1.Сочетанием глагола «быть» (в прошедшем и будущем временах) с краткой формой причастия пассивного залога.

The first furnace for the first refinery installation was commissioned.

Первая печь для первой нефтеперерабатывающей установки была введена

вэксплуатацию.

2.Глаголом с окончанием -ся.

A hole in 10 meters in size was formed in the installation.

В установке образовалось отверстие размером 10 метров.

The issues of increasing the degree of industrial safety, cleaning of industrial wastewater are being addressed.

Решаются вопросы повышения степени промышленной безопасности, очистки промышленных сточных вод.

3.Личной формой глагола в действительном залоге (при наличии дополнения с предлогом “by”).

Diesel fuel, jet fuel, roofing materials and bitumen are produced by the refinery.

Дизельное топливо, авиакеросин, кровельные материалы и асфальт выпускает нефтеперерабатывающий завод.

4.Подлежащее английского предложения в пассивном залоге при переводе на русский язык может стоять не только в именительном падеже, но и в косвенном.

The employees were saved.

Сотрудников спасли.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the ways you can translate the English passive voice in to the Russian language.

1.This day is still considered to be the birth of the company.

2.It is celebrated with corporate celebrations.

3.At first Tyumen deposits were supplied by tankers.

4.Advanced technologies at the enterprise were introduced, and re-equipment was carried out.

5.In 2001 the sulfuric acid alkylation unit was put into operation.

6.The reconstruction was completed.

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7.Other equipment was modernized.

8.In 2011, a billion tons of crude oil was processed since the plant was founded.

9.A fire was awarded the 3rd category.

10.Omsk refinery is focused on fuel production.

11.It is planned to begin construction of ultra-modern treatment facilities at the plant.

Примечание:

Обратите внимание на то, что в первом предложении перевод нужно начинать со сказуемого и переводить его неопределённо-личной формой глагола, далее через придаточное предложение с союзом «что». Подлежащее станет подлежащим придаточного предложения, а инфинитив – его сказуемым. Это субъектный инфинитивный оборот – сочетание подлежащего (существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в именительном падеже) с инфинитивом глагола, указывающим на действие данного подлежащего.

Read the text, telling about the history of Omsk refinery plant:

Text

Omsk Refinery Plant

Omsk refinery plant is the largest refinery in Russian federation located in Western Siberia, Omsk refinery is also one of the largest in the world.

The refinery produces petroleum products with high-quality performance and environmental characteristics, including motor fuels, aromatics, liquid paraffin, roofing and insulation materials, etc. Diesel fuel, jet fuel, roofing materials and bitumen produced by the refinery meet international quality standards.

Omsk Refinery plant was recognized by WRA (World Association of Refineries) the best oil refinery in 2012. This is a subsidiary of Gazpromneft. The enterprise's capacities allow producing 21.4 million tons of oil annually. The plant produces gasoline and diesel fuel, which meet the European standards. In 2013, the company's products entered the hundred of the "Best Goods of Russia". Omsk refinery is carrying out a large-scale refurbishment and modernization, which mainly affect the systems for cleaning products from harmful and toxic impurities. At the same time, the issues of increasing the degree of industrial safety, optimization of enterprise

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management, cleaning of industrial wastewater are being addressed. In 2013, the company reached 95% of its capacity.

In order to ensure the Kazakh SSR and the Uralsfuels and lubricants, in 1949 the leadership of the USSR decided to build a plant in Western Siberia. The Omsk site was rated as optimal. The raw material for processing was to be Bashkir oil. Design and construction lasted 6 years, and on the 5th of May, 1955 the first furnace for the first refinery installation was commissioned. This day is still considered to be the birth of the company and is celebrated with corporate celebrations. The first decade on the Bashkirian raw materials, the Omsk Refinery plant processed only 3 million tons each year. But since 1964 the company began to receive oil from Siberia. Tyumen deposits gave impetus to the development of the refinery. At first it was supplied by tankers, but later the Ust-Balyk-Omsk pipeline was laid. This brought the company into the leaders of the processing industry.

At all stages of development the enterprise mastered new capacities, advanced technologies were introduced, and re-equipment was carried out. The development of the catalytic cracking system was a turning point, as it allowed the company to produce quality motor oils and significantly increase their production volumes. Omsk Refinery acquired, installed and commissioned the ELOU-AVT 6M plant, which could produce 6 million tons annually. Since that moment, the list of products has expanded significantly, and volumes have increased. Since 1983, the company operates a complex producing aromatic hydrocarbons, which began to acquire not only domestic consumers, but also abroad.

In Perestroika, the enterprise has passed different reforms. Omsk Oil Refinery was registered. There were difficult times of the 90s, but by the beginning of the XXI century the enterprise began to work again. At the initiative of the Gazpromneft corporation, the Omsk Refinery became a part of it. In 2001 the sulfuric acid alkylation unit was put into operation, and the plant switched to the production of exclusively unleaded gasolines. The Omsk refinery plant was also the first to produce Super-98 gasoline in the Russian Federation.

Now Omsk refinery plant occupies the top positions in the list of Russian enterprises for the output of light petroleum products and the depth of raw material purification. The company owns the largest set of technological processes for the production of diesel fuel, gasoline and aromatic hydrocarbons. In 2011, a billion tons of crude oil was processed since the plant was founded. The first enterprise in the Russian Federation, which reached such an indicator, is the Omsk Refinery. The oil refinery today produces about fifty products. This is gasoline for cars, fuel for rocket

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and diesel engines, fuel oil for furnaces, household gas, paraxylene, benzene, coke, toluene, bitumen, technical sulfur, benzene and other products.

At the end of May 2010 there was an accident at the Omsk Refinery. At half past seven in the evening a signal came to the fire department's control panel - an explosion occurred in one of the sections of the process furnace. A hole of 10 meters in size was formed in the installation. The enterprise started a fire, which was awarded the 3rd category. 25 firefighters fought with fire, and after 2 hours it was completely extinguished. Two employees of the enterprise suffered, and the Omsk oil refinery suffered great damage. Productivity decreased by 10%, but after half a year the plant again worked at full capacity.

Omsk refinery is focused on fuel production European environmental standards is not only an improvement in the quality of products, but, ultimately, a reduction in the emission of harmful substances into the Earth's atmosphere. Among the Russian enterprises, the Omsk Refinery is the leader in the production of environmentally safe fuels. In 2016 it was planned to begin construction of ultra-modern treatment facilities at the plant, which would allow to purify industrial waste from wastes by 99%, and industrial emissions into the atmosphere - by 90%. A 6-step system of mechanical, physicochemical, biological treatment with active silt was going to be built. Then coal and sand filters were going to enter the case, and the final phase was ultraviolet disinfection. The area of the buildings was going be 6 hectares. Thus, the whole complex will occupy a smaller area than the current one, but it will be more efficient. Also, the system will reduce the water consumption of the plant by half.

From year to year, Omsk refinery regularly upgrades its production facilities. The Refinery implements an innovation strategy of phased improvement of process flow diagram aimed at further enhancement of petroleum products quality, operating expenditures reduction and industrial and environmental safety improvement. Omsk refinery is constantly upgrading its refining assets.

Currently, the Omsk Refinery continues to implement the medium-term investment program, which includes a number of high-budget projects.

Exercise 4. Read and translate into Russian the following words and word combinations:

petroleum products, motor fuels, liquid paraffin, roofing and insulation materials, bitumen, diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, raw materials, processing industry, catalytic cracking system, sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the depth of raw material purification, aromatic hydrocarbon, household gas, toluene.

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Exercise 5. Use the proper form of the verbs:

1.Omsk refinery (to be) the largest refinery in Russian federation.

2.The plant (to produce) gasoline and diesel fuel.

3.The Omsk site (to rate) as optimal.

4.Tyumen deposits (to give) impetus to the development of the refinery.

5.At first it (to supply) by tankers.

6.Later the Ust-Balyk-Omsk pipeline (to lay).

7.At all stages of development the enterprise (to master) new capacities.

8.The Omsk Refinery (to be) the leader in the production of environmentally safe fuels.

9.The oil refinery today (to produce) about fifty products.

Exercise 6. Using the information from the text above, complete the sentences:

1.Omsk refinery is the largest…

2.The refinery produces…

3.Omsk refinery regularly upgrades…

4.Omsk refinery was recognized…

5.The enterprise's capacities allow…

6.On the 5th of May, 1955 the first furnace for the first refinery installation...

7.This day is still considered to be…

8.Since 1964 the company began to receive oil from…

9.Tyumen deposits gave…

10.The development of the catalytic cracking system…

Exercise 7. Insert the proper words into the sentences:

1.(Омский нефтеперерабатывающий завод) is the largest refinery in Russian federation.

2.The refinery produces (нефтепродукты) with high-quality performance and environmental characteristics.

3.Diesel fuel, (реактивное топливо), roofing materials and (асфальт) are produced by the refinery.

4.From year to year, Omsk refinery regularly (модернизирует) its production facilities.

5.Omsk Refinery is a (дочернее предприятие) of Gazpromneft.

6.The plant produces (бензин и дизельное топливо).

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7.Omsk refinery is carrying out a large-scale (реконструкцию) and moderni-

zation.

8.It mainly affects the systems for cleaning products from (вредных и токсич-

ных примесей).

9.At the same time, the issues of increasing the degree of (промышленной безопасности), optimization of enterprise management, cleaning of (промышленных сточных вод) are being addressed.

10.In 2013 the company reached 95% of its (производительности).

11.The Refinery (осуществляет) an innovation strategy of phased improvement of process flow diagram aimed at further (повышение качества нефте-

продуктов).

Speaking

Case 1

Paraphrase the sentences:

1.Omsk refinery is referred to the biggest plant in Russia.

2.The plant produces high-quality oil products.

3.Every year Omsk refinery constantly improves its production equipment.

4.The Refinery uses a modern strategy of phased upgrading of process flow diagram.

5.Making the project and building lasted 6 years.

6.Tyumen fields gave incentive to the development of the refinery.

7.This made the company one of the main enterprises of the processing industry.

8.Since then the list and quantity of products have increased substantially.

Case 2

Speak English on the following information:

1. Омский нефтеперерабатывающий завод – крупнейший нефтезавод

вРоссийской Федерации, расположенный в Западной Сибири.

2.Нефтезавод выпускает нефтепродукты с высоким качеством и экологическими характеристиками, включая моторные топлива, ароматические вещества, жидкий парафин, кровельные и изоляционные материалы.

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