Английский язык для магистрантов гражданско-правовое направление. Учебное пособие

Cooperation between national BRICS permanent missions at the UN Headquarters in New York, at international organizations in Geneva and ViennaandatUNESCOinParisplaysanimportantroleinthemechanism of multilateral cooperation.

Initially founded in 2009 as BRIC – by Brazil, Russia, India, and China – the organization grew in 2010 with the addition of South Africa and continues to grow. After the 2023 summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, BRICS expanded as Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the UAE accepted the invitation and officially became BRICS members in January 2024. As for January 2025 there are 10 BRICS members and 8 countriespartners. Based on

(https://infobricsBRICS.org/)

13. Read the text again and decide whether the following statements aretrue. BRICSorfalseis.Ifathesupranationalst tementisfalse,politicalorrectandit:economic union of 10 member states.

2. BRICS originated as an association of five countries.

3. BRICS countries are incorporated into many international organizations.

4. Relations between BRICS partners are governed by BRICS Articles of Confederation.

5. An annual scheduled summit is a Governing Body of BRICS. 6. The number of BRICS members is constantly increasing.

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1. In April 2010, South Africa attended the 2nd BRIC ________________ , makingitsfirstappearanceasaguest.The______________________wasadded asamemberandtheorganizationwasofficiallyrenamed______________________

in September 2010. 2. Indonesia officially joined asa ______________________

______________________ in early 2025, becoming the first Southeast Asian member. 3. The grouping has held ______________________ summits since 2009, with ______________________ ______________________ taking turns to host. 4. ______________________ ______________________are a new category for integration of prospective members, introduced in 2024 at the 16th BRICS summit. 5. There is currently no formal

______________________to join BRICS.

16.Makeupaplanofthetextandretellthetextaccordingtoyourplan.

WRITING: ACADEMIC SUMMARY

17.Read the following entry from the United Nations official website and write its summary in Russian and/or English using “How to write anacademicsummary”p.23.

BIG DATA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Big Data

The volume of data in the world is increasing exponentially.. In 2020, 64..2 zettabytes of data were created, that is a 314 percent increase from 2015.. An increased demand for information due to the COVID-19 pandemics also contribute to higher-than-expected growth.. A large share of this output is “data exhaust,” or passively collected data deriving from everyday interactions with digital products or services, including mobile phones,creditcards,andsocialmedia..Thisdelugeofdigitaldataisknown as big data.. Data is growing because it is increasingly being gathered by inexpensive and numerous information-sensing, mobile devices and because the world’s capacity for storing information has roughly doubled every 40 months since the 1980s..

The Data Revolution

The data revolution -- which encompasses the open data movement, the rise of crowdsourcing, new ICTs for data collection, and the explosion in the availability of big data, together with the emergence of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things -- is already transforming society.. Advances in computing and data science now make it possible toprocess and analyse big data in real time.. New insights gleaned from such data mining can complement official statistics and survey data, adding

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depth and nuance to information on human behaviours and experiences.. The integration of this new data with traditional data should produce high-quality information that is more detailed, timely and relevant..

is commonplace, with consumer profiling, personalised services, and predictiveanalysisbeingusedformarketing,advertisingandmanagement.. Similar techniques could be adopted to gain real-time insights into people’s wellbeing and to target aid interventions to vulnerable groups.. New sources of data – such as satellite data -, new technologies, and new analytical approaches, if applied responsibly, can enable more agile, efficient and evidence-based decision-making and can better measure progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a way that is both inclusive and fair..

Risks

Fundamental elements of human rights must be safeguarded to realize the opportunities presented by big data: privacy, ethics and respect for data sovereignty require us to assess the rights of individuals along with the benefits of the collective.. Much new data is collected passively – from the ‘digital footprints’ people leave behind and from sensor-enabled objects – or is inferred via algorithms.. Because big data is the product of unique patterns of behaviour of individuals, removal of explicit personal information may not fully protect privacy.. Combining multipledatasetsmayleadtothere-identificationofindividualsorgroups of individuals, subjecting them to potential harms.. Proper data protection measures must be put in place to prevent data misuse or mishandling..

There is also a risk of growing inequality and bias.. Major gaps are already opening up between the data haves and have-nots.. Without action, a whole new inequality frontier will split the world between those who know, and those who do not.. Many people are excluded from thenew worldofdataandinformationbylanguage,poverty,lackofeducation,lack of technology infrastructure, remoteness or prejudice and discrimination.. Thereisabroadrangeofactionsneeded,includingbuildingthecapacities of all countries and particularly the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Land-locked Developing Countries (LLDCs), and Small Island Developing States (SIDS)..

Big Data for Development and Humanitarian Action

In 2015, the world embarked on a new development agenda underpinned by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).. Achieving

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these goals requires integrated action on social, environmental and economic challenges, with afocus on inclusive, participatory development that leaves no one behind..

Critical data for global, regional and national development policymaking is still lacking.. Many governments still do not have access to adequate data on their entire populations.. This is particularly true for the poorest and most marginalized, the very people that leaders will need tofocus oniftheyare toachieve zeroextremepovertyand zeroemissions by 2030, and to ‘leave no one behind’ in the process..

Big data can shed light on disparities in society that were previously hidden.. For example, women and girls, who often work in the informal sector or at home, suffer social constraints on their mobility, and are marginalized in both private and public decision-making..

Muchofthebigdatawiththemostpotentialtobeusedforpublicgood is collected by the private sector.. As such, public-private partnerships are likely tobecome more widespread.. Thechallenge will be ensuring they are

sustainable over time, and that clear frameworks are in place to clarify

Based on

roles and expectations on all sides..

(https://www.un.org/en/globalUnited Nations-issues/ big-data-for-sustainable-development)

18. Search the Internet for papers relating to your research topic and write their summaries in Russian and/or English using “How to write anacademicsummary”p.23.

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Appendix

AcademicHOWpresentationsTO PREPAREserveAN ACADEMICas an effectivePRESENTATIONmeans to share and present ideas, information related to a specific research project or academic field, and/or knowledge to an audience in an accessible and visually engaging way. For students, these presentations provide opportunities to improve their research, analytical, and communication skills.

Oneofthemostcommonmistakesisoveremphasizingslidedesignat theexpenseoftimespentrefiningandrehearsingtheactualpresentation. Keepinmind:slidesserveasasupplementarytool,designedtoemphasize key points rather than substitute aspoken content. Tosteer clear ofsuch common pitfalls, consider the following recommendations:

: too much text is distracting. Use slides to introduce topics,1. Behighlightconcisekey points, and summarize.

Text-heavy slides can pull focus away from a spoken message. Instead, emphasize clarity by using minimal text and strong visuals (if appropriate).

Begin by drafting a presentation script first, then design slides that complement a narrative.

Use slides strategically: introduce topics, emphasize critical ideas, or summarize key takeaways.

Let a voice drive thecontent, and let theslides reinforce, not replace, the presentation. . Use a monochrome space tohighlight2. Keepkeythepointsslidesandcleanaddimpactand simplewithqualityimages(ifappropriate).

Avoid complex, formulaic slide designs in favor of simplicity. Avoid clutteringtheslideswithunnecessarytext,imagesorgraphics–cluttered layouts distract from the main idea.

Instead, use space strategically so that thekey points stand out more clearlyandeffectively.Also,usehigh-qualityvisualstocolorfullyreinforce the ideas; as the saying goes, “a picture speaks a thousand words.”

. The slides arranged at random will create3. Organconfusionze theamongslidesthelogicallyaudience and distract them profoundly.

Plan the slides around a logical framework that maps a thought process: this allows viewers to connect data to broader themes, follow reasoning step-by-step, and retain key insights effortlessly, turning the presentation into an intuitive experience. For example, one can arrange academic presentation slides in the following way:

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One more important thing is to engage an audience. People are known to process visual information significantly faster than text or written words. Therefore, the presentation should be simple yet informative.Slidesmusthighlightkeypointsandincorporatevisualtools toenhanceunderstanding.Herearesomerecommendationshowtokeep the audience engaged:

1. Minimalism in design. Use a solid background. Avoid excessive detail.

Minimalist design helps your presentation stand out. Focus on including only essential ideas and visuals. This approach creates asense

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of calm and confidence, allowing the audience to concentrate on critical details rather than being distracted by decorative elements.

size.2. Bold, clear fonts. Stick to standard fonts. Choose a readable font Large, bold fonts draw attention to headlines and act as strong visual accents. To amplify their impact, position titles vertically or slightly off-center. Avoid cluttering bold text with unnecessary effects or

embellishments. Prioritize clarity over style.

3. Strategic use of quotes. Include famous quotes. Add motivational statements.

Insert quotes from notable figures between content-heavy slides. They serve as logical separators between presentation sections. Ensure quotes are relevant to your topic and always credit the author. This technique reinforces your message while giving the audience brief moments of reflection. Based on

(https://www.oneeducation.org.uk/tipsOne-to-makeEducation-your- academic-presentations-more-interesting/)

To learn more go to (https://zaochnik.ru/blog/kakZAOCHNIK-podgotovit.RU-

prezentatsiju-dlja-nauchnoj-raboty/)

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