Английский язык для горных инженеров-механиков. Учебное пособие

I.7. Form nouns from adjectives with the suffix “-ity”. Translate the words. What do all the derivatives mean?

I.8. Translate the terms:

Front-end loader, rubber-tired shearer, rope-drown slusher, drive-by grizzly, drive-through machine, double-truck back-up.

I.9. Revise grammar “Participle I”, “Gerund”. Read and translate the sentences defining the functions of Participle I and Gerund.

1.Designing new mining machines engineers should pay attention to geological conditions of mine.

2.When making the geological map, the geologists study all the data of ground and aerial geological surveys.

3.A new system of planning gives an opportunity of supplying correct information quickly, which is essential for management control of modern mines.

4.The progress in the coal industry is achieved by mechanizing underground operations.

5.The problem of extracting geothermal energy is under consideration

now.

6.The training of mining specialists now takes place in proximity to industrial enterprises.

7.Using modern mining equipment allow the miners to increase the output of coal.

8.As is known, bituminous coal is being widely used in blast furnaces for smelting iron ore.

9.Prospecting work includes three stages: 1) finding signs of the mineral; 2) finding the deposit; 3) exploring the deposit.

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I.10. Translate the sentences minding Attribute Subordinate Clause

without a conjunction.

1.The cutter loader we saw in the coal face was designed for thick

seams.

2.All haulage devices can elevate the material they transport to some

extent.

3.A new trend they develop in technical institutes deals with training specialists in environmental protection.

4.A rational method we choose will primarily depend on the depth and shape and the general type of the deposit.

5.The transports we generally use in open-cast are rail cars, large lorries, and conveyors.

I.11. Read and translate text A.

TEXT A. Haulage and Hoisting

Bulk materials in mining are transported by haulage (primarily horizontal movement and hoisting (primarily vertical). Machines to accomplish these functions are numerous.

The primary function of all equipment is haulage, although some (front-end loader, dozer, rubber-tired scraper, rope-drawn slushier, LHD) are self-loading. The only true hoisting machines are the skip and cage, but all haulage devices can elevate the material they transport to some extent (hydraulic and pneumatic conveyors are completely versatile and virtually unlimited as to distance and grade).

Elevating material is generally crucial in any mining operation, because most mines, surface or underground, expand vertically to depth.

The variety of equipment is overwhelming, but certain machines predominate. In surface mines trucks and shovels are mostly used, with lesser use of belt conveyors and rubber-tired scrapers. In underground mines, rail trucks (shuttle cars), LHDs and belt conveyors are popular.

For the most widely used haulage machine, the truck, as well as for other machines, there are four working zones: loading, travelling loaded, dumping, and travelling empty. Important design and operating decisions are

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required in specifying conditions for all these zones, but loading and dumping are especially critical. The use of double-truck back-up or spotting is preferred for quick loading if drive-through is not possible, and a drive-by grizzly (coarse screen made of rails) affords the fastest dumping. Different working zones characterize other haulage machines, and they all require careful analysis in selecting equipment and methods.

Table 5 summarizes some of the main features of haulage equipment. Information is provided as advantages and disadvantages of different machines. Most of these machines are used both on the surface and underground.

I.12. Answer the questions.

1.What are the main functions of machines transporting bulk materials?

2.What machines can be used to accomplish these functions?

3.What is the primary function of all equipment?

4.Which of the machines are self-loading?

5.What are the true hosting machines?

6.Can all haulage devices elevate the material to any extent?

7.Can you give the example of a completely versatile device?

8.Why is elevating material generally crucial?

9.Which of the machines predominate in surface mines?

10.What devices are mostly used in underground mines?

11.Which of the working zones are especially critical?

12.What machines are used both on the surface and underground?

I.13. Find the sentences corresponding to the subject of the text.

1.Haulage is the primary function of all equipment.

2.The skip and cage are the only proper hoisting machines.

3.All haulage devices can elevate the material they transport to some

extent.

4.In surface mines trucks and shovels are mostly used.

5.There are many drilling methods, but three-percussion, rotary and diamond drills-are the most common.

6.Belt conveyors are more popular in underground mines.

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7.The search for economically useful mineral deposits is called

proving.

8.Fossil fuel geological reserves on the Earth are estimated at 12.5 trillion tons.

9.If drive-through is not possible the use of double truck back-up or spotting is preferred.

I.14. Which of the adjectives on the left can form phrases with the nouns on the right.

I.15. Form as much phrases as you can. Mind the difference between “transporting” and “transported”. Translate the phrases.

I.16. Fill in the proper words from the box.

conveyor, cage, double-truck back up, skip, LHD, belt conveyor, drive-by grizzly, dozer, scraper, rail, trucks

1. The only true hoisting machines are_______ and __________. 2. The most widely used haulage machine is the _______. 3. ________ is completely versatile and virtually unlimited as to distance and grade. 4. For quick leading the ______ is one of the most popular. 5. In underground mines

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_______ and ______ are mostly used. 6. A _______ affords the fastest dumping. 7. Principal haulage units are ________ , __________ , _______ ,

_______, _______.

I.17. Fill in the proper prepositions from the box.

by, of, in, for, with

1.Elevating material is generally crucial ... any mining operation.

2.The primary function ... all equipment is haulage.

3.Coal and rock ... mining are transported ... haulage and hoisting.

4.Special design operating decisions are required ... all working zones.

5.The use ... double-truck back-up and spotting is preferred ... quick

loading.

6.One ... the main trends ... the development ... underground transports is the use ... belt conveyors.

7.... surface mines trucks and shovels are mostly used ... lesser use ...

belt conveyors.

I.19. Replace the underlined words with the synonyms from the

text.

1.There are many machines to execute the functions of haulage and

hoisting.

2.Information in the table is given as to normal range of haul distance

and gradeability.

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3.The only real hoisting machines are the skip and cage.

4.Hydraulic and pneumatic conveyors are entirely versatile.

5.As a matter of fact hydraulic and pneumatic conveyors are unlimited as todistance and grade.

6.Loading and dumping are especially decisive working zones.

7.Careful analysis is required in choosing equipment and methods.

I.20. Combine two phrases into one sentence. Use “because”,

“although”, “but”, “if” to connect them.

I.21. Look through the text A, and make sentences, using the following.

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I.22. Look through Table 5 and speak on advantages and disadvantages of principal haulage units.

Table 5. Comparison of Features of Principal Haulage Units.

I.23. Using information of the text and Table 5 speak on haulage and hoisting equipment used in modern surface and underground mines.

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II

II.1. After reading text В choose the most suitable title:

–Hoisting methods

–Shaft plant

–Hoist plant

–Components of hoist plant

–The construction of hoist plant.

TEXT В

The hoist plant employed for an underground mine is the most important, sophisticated and expensive element of the mine. Its cost may be of the order of 5–10% of the entire development budget.

The hoist plant consists of the components necessary to elevate ore. coal, stone, or waste and to raise and lower personnel and materiel in the mine. Classified by location, it consists of the following:

1. Surface plant:

a)Hoist room (head frame or ground-mounted):

(1)hoist drum or sheave;

(2)hoist electrical and mechanical equipment (prime mover, brake, clutch, controls);

(3)hoist ropes (steel wire strands).

b)Head frame (tower or A- frame, steel or reinforced concrete):

(1)idler sheaves;

(2)storage bins (ore and waste);

(3)skip dump mechanism.

2. Shaft plant:

a)skips (bulk transport);

b)cages, elevators (personnel, materiel);

c)shaft guides (tracks for skips and cages). 3. Underground plant:

a)dump and storage bin;

b)crusher;

c)loading pocket;

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d) personnel and materials-handling facilities.

There are basically only two hoisting methods: drum and friction. The drum hoist stores the rope not extended in the shaft. The friction-sheave hoist passes the rope over the drive wheel but does not store it.

Either vertical or inclined shafts are divided into three to six parallel shaft ways-for a man, pipe or power lines, and a minimum of two for hoisting. In large deep shafts, two compartments are commonly used for hoisting broken material and two others for handling supplies, equipment and personnel.

Most hoists are electrically driven and have two winding drums that can be operated in balance or separately.

Fig. 1. Components of the hoist plant installed with a vertical shaft.

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II.2. Which of the paragraphs speaks on hoisting methods. What are they?

II.3. What paragraph speaks on the cost of the hoist plant?

II.4. Define the main idea of the fourth paragraph.

II.5. Note the main components of the

-surface plant -shaft plant -underground plant

II.6. Give the title to each paragraph.

II.7. Describe the construction of the hoist plant using Fig. 1.

III

III.I. Read text С and give the title.

TEXT C

Conveyor – a horizontal, inclined, declined, or vertical machine for mining or transporting bulk materials, packages, or objects in a path predetermined by the design of the device and having points of loading and discharge fixed or selective.

The actuating medium for conveyors may be the force of gravity, air, vibration or power-operated components of the machine such as continuous belts, chains, or cables. Of the many varieties, some are used almost exclusively to convey bulk materials.

The many different means used to convey bulk materials include gravity, belt, apron, skip hoist, flight or screw, dragline, vibrating or

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