Английский язык для горных инженеров-механиков. Учебное пособие

HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT

Hydraulic transport or conveying, a much-publicized version of which is slurry pipelining, includes both haulage and hoisting of bulk material in suspension. In some respects, the development of hydraulic transport parallels that of hydraulic mining, but it is also fueled by intense competition with other surface coal haulage systems (e.g., rail, belt conveyor, truck, and barge).

Hydraulic transport is not new. The concept goes back to 1891, although the first commercial pipelines were not built until 1957 (a 72-mi, or 116-km, line for gilsonite in Utah and Colorado and a 108-mi, or 174-km, line for coal in Ohio). Many have been built worldwide, the majority on the surface for coal and for ores of copper, gold, iron, limestone and phosphate. Major advantages are the low operating cost, reliability, efficiency, and low labor requirements; disadvantages are the high cost, inflexibility, and high cost (which can be reduced if the water is recycled).

The attractive feature of hydraulic transport is to couple it with hydraulic mining in a unified system. Hydraulic haulage is commonplace on the surface as slurry pipelining but is less common underground. Hydraulic hoisting has been tried experimentally for a variety of materials. The potential exists, of course, for all hydraulic mine, combining breakage with transport.

Slurry pipelines can also operate with liquids other than water.

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Appendix I

TERMS

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

1.Breast: advancing in a near-horizontal direction; also the working face of an opening

2.Inby: Toward the working face, away from the mine entrance

3.Outby: Away from the working face, toward the entrance

4.Overhand: Advancing in an upward direction

5.Underhand: Advancing in a downward direction

EXCAVATION TERMS

1.Adit: Main horizontal or near-horizontal underground opening, with single access to the surface

2.Bell: Funnel-shaped excavation formed at the top of a raise to move bulk material by gravity from a tope to a drawpoint

3.Bleeder: Exhaust ventilation lateral

4.Chute: Opening from a drawpoint, utilizing gravity flow to direct bulk material from a bell or orepass to load a conveyance

5.Crosscut: Tertiary horizontal opening, often connecting drifts, entries, or rooms oriented perpendicularly to the strike of a pitching deposit; also breakthrough

6Decline: Secondary inclined opening, driven downward to connect levels, sometimes on the dip of a deposit; also declined shaft

7Drawpoint: Loading point beneath a tope, utilizing gravity to move bulk material downward and into a conveyance, by a chute or loading machine

8Drift: Primary or secondary horizontal or near-horizontal opening; oriented parallel to the strike of a pitching deposit

9Entry: Secondary horizontal or near-horizontal opening; usually driven in multiples

10Finger raise: Vertical or near-vertical opening used to transfer bulk material from a stope to a drawpoint; often an interconnected set of raises

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11 Grizzly: Coarse screening or scalping device that prevents oversized bulk material from entering a material transfer system; constructed of rails, bars, beams, etc.

12 Haulageway: Horizontal opening used primarily for materials handling

13 Incline: Secondary inclined opening, driven upward to connect levels, sometimes on the dip of a deposit; also inclined shaft

14Lateral: Secondary or tertiary horizontal opening, often parallel or at an angle to a haulageway, usually to provide ventilation or some auxiliary service

15Level: System of horizontal openings connected to a shaft; comprises an operating horizon of mine

16Loading pocket: Transfer point at a shaft where bulk material is loaded by bin, hopper, and chute into a skip

17Longwall: Horizontal exploitation opening several hundred feet (meters) in length, usually in a tabular deposit

18Manway: Compartment of a raise or a vertical or near-vertical opening intended for personnel travel between two levels

19Orepass: Vertical or near-vertical opening through which bulk material flows by gravity

20Portal: Opening or connection to the surface from an underground excavation

21Raise: Secondary or tertiary, vertical or near-vertical opening, driven upward from one level to another

22Ramp: Secondary or tertiary inclined opening, driven to connect levels; usually in a downward direction, and used for haulage

23Room: Horizontal exploitation opening, usually in a bedded

deposit

24Shaft: Primary vertical or near-vertical opening, connecting the surface with underground workings; also vertical shaft

25Slope: Primary inclined opening, usually a shaft, connecting the surface with underground working

26Slot: Narrow vertical or inclined opening excavated in a deposit at the end of a stope to provide a bench face

27Stope: Large exploitation opening, usually inclined or vertical, but may also be horizontal

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28Sublevel: Secondary or intermediate level between main levels or horizons, usually close to the exploitation area

29Transfer point: Location in the material-handling system, either haulage or hoisting, where bulk material is transferred between conveyances

30Tunnel: Main horizontal or near-horizontal opening, with access to the surface at the both ends

31Undercut: Low horizontal opening excavated under a portion of a deposit, usually a stope, to induce breakage and caving of the deposit; also a narrow kerf cut in the face of a mineral deposit to facilitate breakage

32Winze: Secondary or tertiary vertical or near-vertical opening driven downward from one level to another

DEPOSIT AND SPA TIAL TERMS

1.Back: Roof, top, or overlying surface of an underground excavation

2.Bottom: Floor or underlying surface of an underground excavation

3.Capping: Waste material overlying the mineral deposit

4.Country rock: Waste material adjacent to a mineral deposit

5.Crown pillar: Portion of the deposit overlying an excavation and left in place as a pillar

6.Dip: Angle of inclination of a deposit, measured from the horizontal; also pitch or attitude

7.Floor: Bottom or underlying surface of an underground excavation

8.Footwall: Wall rock under the deposit

9.Gob: Broken, caved, and mined-out portion of the deposit

10.Hanging wall: Wall rock above a deposit

11.Pillar: Unmined portion of the deposit, providing support to the roof or hanging wall

12.Rib: Side wall of an excavation; also rib pillar

13.Roof: Back, top, or overlying surface of an excavation

14.Sill pillar: Portion of the deposit underlying an excavation and left in place as a pillar

15.Strike: Horizontal bearing of a tabular deposit at its surface intersection

16.Wall rock: Country boundary adjacent to a deposit

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Appendix II

List of Latin words used in original scientific and technical publications

Ibidem (ib, ibid.) = in the cited source

In situ = at the site

Per se = by itself

Conditio sine qua non-indispensable condition via = through

In vitro = in a test tube Status quo = initial condition Sui generis = in its kind Ergo = consequently Proviso = on condition that Sic! = important

A priori (of an argument) = reasoned from cause to effect A posteriori (of an argument) = reasoned from effect to cause

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List of foreign words having special form of Plural

List of composite archaic adverbs

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List of frequently used abbreviations

A.C. = (a.c.) = alternating current a.f. = audio frequency

am. = ante meridiem*

С = Centigrade or Celsius cm.p.s. = centimetres per second c.p. = candle power

c.p.s. = cycles per second db. = decibel

D.C. (d.c.) = direct current dia = diameter

dm. = decimetre

e.g. = exempli gratia = for example, for instance emf. = electromotive force

etc. = and so on, and so forth F. = farad = Fahrenheit

ft. = foot = фут

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g. = gramme

h.f. = high frequency hi-fi == high fidelity h.p. = horsepower h.p. = high pressure hr. = hour

h.v. = high voltage i.e. = id est = that is

i.f. = intermediate frequency Kc/s = kilocycles per second kg = kilogramme

Kw-hr = kilowatt-hour j= joule

lb = pound lit = litre lm = lumen

l.p. = low pressure l.v. = low voltage m. = metre

m. = micro mi = mile min. = minute

No; Nos. = number(s) pa, pes. = piece(s) p.m. = post meridiem

P.d. = potential difference p.s.f. = pounds per square foot p.s.i. = pounds per square inch Qnty = quantity

rev. = revolution r.f. = radio frequency

r.p.m.(s) = revolutions per minute (second) sc. = scale

sec. = second sq.in. = square inch

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s.w. = specific weight t. = ton

v. = volt

v.f. = video frequency viz. = namely

vs. = versus

v.v. = variable voltage v.v. = vice versa

W. = watt

w.g. = wire gauge yd. = yard

List of the most widely used so called “false friends” of an interpreter

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