Английский язык для бухгалтерского дела. English for Accounting. Учебное пособие

done

e. g. 1. The room being practically dark I could not see where the speaker was.

Так как в комнате было темно, я не мог видеть говорящего.

2.The article having been published everybody read it.

Когда статья была опубликована, все прочли её.

Ex. 6. Translate the contents of the brackets into English by means of Nominative Absolute constructions.

1.Так как день был солнечный и теплый.

I told them they could take lunch in the park.

2.Когда двери и окна были закрыты.

he sat down to enjoy his favourite TV show.

3.Так как дети устали и были возбуждены. she put them to bed.

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Read Text B and do the tasks given after it. Ask questions on

the text for your partners to answer. Make up a summary of the text based on these answers.

Text B

THE CASH BOOK

In the cash book it is usual not just to keep a separate account for cash and bank records but also to combine the accounts together to form one unit.

Debit entries record money received which increases the assets, cash or bank. Credit entries are used to record payments of money which decrease the assets, cash or bank. Although the accounts for cash and bank have been combined together they are still in reality separate. The debit entries for cash must be kept apart from the debit entries for bank and the credit entries must also be kept apart. It is very important therefore, to label the columns clearly. By convention, the cash column appears to the left of the bank column.

You should be able to explain each of the entries in the cash book.

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Look through the tables. Speak on the different ways of using the cash book.

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Translate Text C into Russian in 45 minutes in writing using a

dictionary. Answer the question: What is the difference between trade discount and cash discount ?

Text C

TRADE DISCOUNT

The discounts we have been referring to so far are known fully as cash discounts in order to distinguish them from trade discounts. The latter is a discount that is allowed by a supplier and received by a customer when they are both involved in the same trade. For example, when I buy materials from the local builders’ merchant I pay a higher price than would a builder who was a regular customer. He would receive trade discount whereas I would not. Many such merchants even have separate counters to deal with their two categories of customer. The amount of trade discount given will vary according to the trade. As far as the accounts are concerned it does not concern us. The amount of trade discount is taken off before any entries are made.

For example, the catalogue or list price of a bag of cement might be £ 5,00. A builder receiving 10 % trade discount will be charged only £ 4,50, the 50p trade discount being 10 % of £ 5,00. The merchant will make a credit entry of £ 4,50 in his sales account and debit the builder’s account with the £ 4,50 due from him. The builder would debit his purchases account and credit the account of the merchant with the amount owed to him. Again only the £ 4,50 would be shown in the accounts. Trade discount is deducted before any entries are made.

Of course this does not mean that there will be no cash discount to be shown in the accounts. The merchant may well allow a small discount of, say, 2 % to encourage his customers to pay within a certain time period. If he does then this amount will be recorded in the accounts.

Notes: 1. trade discount - скидка с прейскурантной/продажной цены

2.sales account - счет объема продаж

3.to deduct - вычитать, удерживать

4.as far as … is concerned - что касается

5.a bag of cement - мешок цемента

6.to debit smb’s account - дебетовать чей-либо счет

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UNIT VII

Text for Study: Business Documents (Text A) Grammar Guide: Sequence of Tenses.

Supplementary Reading: Calculating Trends and Ratios (Text B); Bank Reconciliation Statements (Text C).

PRE-TEXT TASKS

I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations from Text A. Memorize them.

1.invoice ['InvOIs] - накладная, счет-фактура

2.basically ['beIsIk(q)lI] - по существу, в основном

3.duplicate ['dju:plIkIt] - дубликат, копия

4.frequently ['fri:kwqntlI] - часто

5.distinguish [dIs'tINgwIS] - различать

6.commerce ['kOmE:s] - коммерция, торговля

7.specimen ['spesImqn] - образец, экземпляр

8.receipt [rI'si:t] - квитанция

9.counterfoils ['kaVntqfOIlz] - корешки чеков

10.entry ['entrI] - проводка (запись хозяйственных операций в бухгалтерскую книгу)

11.statement ['steItmqnt] - финансовый отчёт

12.to retain a duplicate copy - сохранить точную копию

13.prompt cash - немедленная оплата наличными

14.the total amount due - общая причитающаяся сумма

15.credit note - документ, позволяющий купить товар взамен неисправного.

II.Look through Text A and find the English equivalents to the following Russian words. Mind that their meanings are international:

информация, документы, копия, факт, обычно, всеобщий (общий), результат, чек, период.

III. Read and translate the following words paying attention to the suffixes, define what parts of speech they belong to.

1. inform, information, informative, informed, informer

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2.person, personal, personality, personally

3.obtain, obtained, obtainable

4.purchase, purchaser

5.important, importance

6.buy, buyer, buying

7.connect, connection, connected

8.difficult, difficulty

9.pay, paid, payment, payer

10.involve, involved, involvement

IV. Think of the best variants for translation.

1.make an entry (in smb’s account)

2.transactions are entered

3.£ 48 worth of goods

4.payments will be entered on the credit side of the cash book

5.the sales account will be credited

6.goods which have been invoiced

7.make a record

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Readafter it.Text A for detailed understanding and do the tasks given

Text A

BUSINESS DOCUMENTS

The information from which transactions are entered in a trader’s personal accounts is obtained from two main documents - invoices and credit notes. An example of an invoice is shown below.

An invoice is basically a bill sent to a purchaser of goods by the seller.

The purchaser (RKL Electrics), who has received the invoice, will use it to make a record of the transaction in his accounts. The seller (Western Electrical Factors), who has sent the invoice, will retain a duplicate for the same reason. RKL will debit its purchases account and credit an account for WEF to show that it owes the supplier £388. In the books of WEF, the sales account will be credited and an accout for RKL debited to show that the customer owes £388.

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The second important document which relates to buying and selling is the credit note, an example of which is shown on the next page.

Credit notes are frequently printed in red to distinguish them from invoices. They are sent to the purchaser by the seller when goods which have been invoiced are returned. The seller will keep a duplicate copy of the credit note for his own records.

Invoice No. 1693

Date: 08.07.2000

Western Electrical Factors

2 Croft Road

Newton Abbot

Devon Tel.(096) 613412

Invoice to: RKL Electrics 6 High Street Torquay

Terms: 5 % Cash discount if payment made within 28 days.

Credit note No.312

Date 15.07.2000

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Western Electrical Factors

2 Croft Road

Newton Abbot

Devon Tel. (096) 613412

To:

RKL Elektrics

6 High Street

Torquay

This credit note has been sent by Western Electrical Factors to RKL Electrics because the latter has returned £48 worth of goods. Western Electrical Factors will debit its sales returns account and credit the account of RKL. The term “credit note” comes from the fact that the seller is telling the buyer that the buyer’s account has been credited with the value of the goods returned.

RKL will debit the account of Western Electrical Factors and credit the purchases returns account.

Another document connected with buying and selling is the statement. This is a summary of the amounts on all invoices and credit notes sent during a period - normally a month. It shows the purchaser the total amounts due from him as a result of all the transactions made. It should be possible for you to obtain a copy of such a document.If you have difficulty refer to a commerce textbook, where you should be able to find a specimen.

When money is paid or received different documents are involved. Payments made by cheque will be entered on the credit side of the cash book from the cheque counterfoils which should be completed each time a cheque is written . Money received by cheque will be entered on the debit side of the cash book using the cheque itself as the document . When payment is made in cash a receipt should be obtained by the payer from which an entry on the credit side of the cash book is made . A business receiving cash should keep a duplicate of the receipt given to the payer, from which debit entries can be made in the cash book.

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