Английский язык для бухгалтерского дела. English for Accounting. Учебное пособие

will depend on how the stock was sold. If sold for money, it will be in either the cash or bank account, showing an increase in the value of one of these assets. If the goods were sold on credit then the person to whom they were sold owes that sum to the business.

Sales returns

When goods which have been sold are returned later for a valid reason, entries must be made to record the event. These sales returns are called returns inward because they are being returned back into stock by a customer. Sometimes, therefore, the account is known as the returns inward account.

I. Find an appropriate ending for each beginning of a sentence.

II. Make up a list of key words for Text B.

III.Express the main idea of Text B.

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Translate Text C from English into Russian in writing in 45

minutes. Use the dictionary. Answer the question: Where does major receipt of money come from for many companies?

Text C

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INCOMES

While all businesses will have to pay for a variety of expenses to enable them to operate, some will also receive income for the services they provide for others. For many businesses the major receipt of money will come from sales of their stock. Here we are concerned with those receipts of money which come from sources other than sales of stock. For example, a business may own property which it does not need for its own use but which it does not wish to sell. Renting this property to another firm will enable it to gain useful income. Similarly one firm may provide a service for another and charge commission. Care is needed in the accounts to distinguish such receipts from payments. It is usual to label an account for income received from letting out property “rent received account” to avoid confusion with the rent account which is for the expense involved when another’s property is used by the firm itself. Similarly, commission account will be for the expense, and commission received account for the income.

The entries to be made in accounts recording incomes will be opposite to those demonstrated for expenses. When the money is received an asset account is increased by a debit entry. At the same time a compensating credit entry is made in the income account.

Discount received

An income which many businesses enjoy comes from settling the amounts due to their suppliers promptly. This is known as discount received. It takes the form of a reduction in the amount that has to be paid rather than an actual physical receipt of money. Thus the debit entry corresponding to the credit entry in the discount received account will be in the creditor’s account, showing the reduction of a liability.

UNIT VI

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Text for Study: Types of Account ( Text A).

Grammar Guide: Complexes with the Participles.

Supplementary Reading:

The Cash Book (Text B);

Trade Discount (Text C).

PRE-TEXT TASKS

I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations from Text A. Memorize them.

1.advantageous [xdvqn'teIGqs] - выгодный

2.occurrence [q'kArqns] - случай, явление

3.alphabetically ["xlfq'betIk(q)lI] - в алфавитном порядке

4.furniture ['fE:nICq] - мебель

5.commission [kq'mIS(q)n] - комиссионные

6.diagram ['daIqgrxm] - схема, график

7.major ['meIGq] - важный, главный

8.cause [kO:z] - вызывать, быть причиной

9.abbreviations [q"bri:vI'eIS(q)n] - сокращения

10.title ['taItl] - заглавие, заголовок

11.similarly ['sImIlqlI] - подобным образом, также

12.former ['fO:mq] - первый, предыдущий (из двух упомянутых)

13.latter ['lxtq] - последний (из двух упомянутых )

14.to deal with smth. - иметь дело с чем либо

15.cause problems… - вызывать проблемы

16.to keep a ledger - вести учет

17.to come across - натолкнуться

18.that is - а именно

II. Look through Text A and find the words which are equivalent to the following. Mind that their meanings are international:

персональный, обычный, диаграмма, классификация, секция, проблемы, адаптация, система, аббревиатура, позиция, банк, отдельный, частный, комиссионные.

III. Point out parts of speech the following words belong to (N, V, Adj, Adv):

possible, firms, real, assets, cash, rent, common, insurance, money,

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may, now, classification, general, accounts, logic, efficiently, divisions, reference, probably, customers, occurrence, extent, might, contain, cards.

IV. Think of the best Russian equivalents to the following word combinations.

1.to enable to work to be shared and carried out

2.will find it advantageous to have

3.to prevent a business from subdividing its accounts

4.to have them entered on cards

5.a record is kept of the assets of a business

6.thought must be given

7.the logic is not followed

Find the sentences they belong to in Text A and translate them

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Readafter it.Text A for detailed understanding and do the task given

Text A

TYPES OF ACCOUNT

Different types of account are used to enable the work of recording transactions to be shared and carried out more efficiently. The first stage is to take out the two accounts which are most used - the cash account and bank account and place them in a separate book which becomes known as the cash book.

The second stage involves extracting the debtors and creditors accounts. These are kept in their own separate books. Some accounts are placed in the private ledger. Clearly such a book contains any accounts which the owner wishes to keep private. The names of the new divisions of the ledger are a good indication of the accounts contained within them. The name of the account is written at the top of the page which is numbered for reference purposes.

A business with a large number of customers, to whom it sells on credit, will probably find it advantageous to have a separate ledger to contain them.

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There is nothing to prevent a business from subdividing its accounts to an even greater extent, than we suggest here.

One common occurrence is for businesses with large numbers of debtors accounts to have them entered on cards and kept in filing system where the debtors might be filed alphabetically.

It is also possible to classify ledger accounts into personal and impersonal accounts. The former comprises the accounts of people and other firms with which a business deals and the latter all other accounts. The impersonal accounts can be further subdivided into real accounts and nominal accounts. Real accounts are those in which a record is kept of the assets of a business. They are real in the sense that it is possible to touch them - for example, buildings, furniture, cash. Nominal accounts contain the records of income and expenses. Rent, rates and insurance are common examples of expenses while discount received and commission received are examples of incomes which we met earlier. Nominal means “in name only”. The rent account may have a balance of $1,000 but the money will not really be there. Similarly, the commission received account may show that $200 was received last month but the money may now be spent. The following diagram summarizes this classification.

Placing accounts in separate sections in the ledger causes no major book-keeping problems, though some thought must be given to adapting the reference system used. The abbreviation GL (General Ledger), DL

(Debtors Ledger), CL (Creditors’ Ledger), and CB (Cash Book) normally appear alongside the title of the account to show in which section of the ledger it is positioned.

Some businesses keep a nominal ledger instead of a general ledger, in which case you would expect the business to have an assets ledger for the real accounts. This logic is not always followed, however, and you may sometimes come across a nominal ledger containing all the impersonal accounts, that is, real accounts and nominal accounts.

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COMPREHENSION СHECK

I. Find antonyms among the following words:

debtors, impersonal, expenses, public, new, bottom, bad, the latter, creditors, personal, incomes, private, old, top, good, the former.

II.Match the terms (1-5) with the definitions (a-e).

1.Cash account

2.Bank account

3.Cash book

4.Debtor

5.Rates

a.a part of a set of accounts which is both a book of prime entry and at the same time a ledger account.

b.in a set of accounts, that account in which all cash receipts and payments are recorded.

c.a person owing money to another as distinguished from a creditor.

d.local taxes payable to a local government authority for local public services.

e.an arrangement between a bank and a customer which the customer deposits with the bank. A sum of money which may be added to or taken from.

III.Say if the following statements are true or false.

1.The debtors and creditors accounts are kept in their own separate books.

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2.The names of the divisions of the ledger are not a good indication of the accounts contained within them.

3.Personal accounts comprise the accounts of people and firms with which a business deals.

4.One can further subdivide personal accounts into real and nominal.

5.It’s out of problem to place accounts in separate sections in the ledger.

6.Abbreviations are not used in keeping a ledger.

7.All businesses may keep only a general ledger.

IV. Give answers to the following questions:

1.Why should one use different types of account?

2.What book contains any accounts which the owner wishes to keep private?

3.What is each page numbered for?

4.What is one common occurrence for businesses with large numbers of debtors' accounts?

5.What are real accounts?

6.What kind of records do nominal accounts contain?

7.Does placing accounts in separate sections of the ledger cause any problems?

V.Write out the attributes which are used in the form of Participle II in Text A.

VI. Select sentences containing modal predicates and translate them.

VII. Find:

1.the sentence containing the for - toinfinitive construction and the accusative with the participle (to have smth. done). Suggest different variations for the translation;

2.the sentence with the Gerund in the function of a prepositional object. Translate these sentences.

GRAMMAR GUIDE

Complexes with the Participles

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The Participle forms three complexes:

1.The Accusative with the Participle.

2.The Nominative with the Participle.

3.The Nominative Absolute.

The Accusative with the Participle: consists of a Noun in the common case or a Pronoun in the objective case and the present passive or past Participle.

A.

e.g. 1. I saw her leaving the house.

Явидел ее, когда она выходила из дома.

2.We heard him playing the piano.

Мы слышали, как он играл на пианино.

Ex.1. Translate into English.

1.Не могу представить, чтобы она так долго ждала.

2.Я никогда их не видела во время ссоры.

3.Она спала, когда я уходил.

4.Кто-то слышал, что он это говорил.

5.Кто-нибудь видел ее, когда она брала книги?

B.

to see

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hear find

want Smth done wish

have leave

e. g. 1. We found the contract breached.

Мы обнаружили, что контракт нарушен.

2.He left the agreement unsigned .

Он оставил соглашение неподписанным.

Ex. 2. Translate into English. Use the Accusative with Participle II.

1.Я не хочу, чтобы эта проблема обсуждалась.

2.Почему ты оставил дверь открытой?

3.Я хочу, чтобы это было напечатано сегодня.

4.Он видел как рисовали эту картину.

Ex. 3. Translate into English using the above pattern:

1.Я делаю прическу каждую пятницу.

2.Здесь можно отдать в чистку плащ?

3.У него украли документы в прошлом году.

The Nominative with the Participle: consists of a Noun in the common case or a Pronoun in the nominative case and the present or past Participle.

A.

e. g. 1. She was kept waiting for a long time.

Ее заставили долго ждать.

2. The children were heard singing on the beach

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Слышали, как дети пели на пляже.

Ex. 4. Paraphrase the following sentences, using Pattern 2 in each sentence.

Model: I left her sleeping upstairs. She was left sleeping upstairs.

1.She left the kettle boiling on the hot-plate.

2.For some time they kept me guessing what their intentions were.

3.I found them talking over cups of tea.

B.

e. g. 1. The company was considered saved from the bankrupcy.

Компанию считали спасенной от банкротства.

2. The business is found sold.

Предприятие считается проданным.

Ex. 5. Paraphrase the following sentences, using Pattern 2 B. Model: We found the safe locked and the papers stolen.

The safe was found locked and the papers stolen.

1.You will find the letter on your desk. It is signed and ready to be posted.

2.When I left her she was greatly worried.

3.We found her in the room. She was dressed for the party.

The Nominative Absolute. The Nominative Absolute construction consists of a Noun in the common case or a Pronoun in the nominative case and any of the 5 forms of the Participle.