Английская грамматика для студентов факультета бизнеса. Предпороговый уровень. English grammar for pre-intermediate business students. Учебное пособие

2. Чтобы подчеркнуть, что человек сделал что-то самостоятельно Например: Я сама покрасила эту стену. В этом случае возвратное

местоимение мы ставим: после человека, совершившего его; Действующее лицо + возвратное местоимение + действие + пред-

мет в конце предложения, после предмета, в отношении которого совершается действие.

Действующее лицо + действие + предмет + возвратное местоимение. Оба варианта будут правильными.

При переводе на русский язык, мы добавляем слово «сам». Примеры:

I can read it myself. Я могу прочитать это сама.

He found out the truth himself. Он сам выяснил правду.

Слова, не использующиеся с возвратными местоимениями

В английском языке есть действия, после которых обычно не нужно ставить возвратное местоимение.

Например: dress – одеваться hide – прятаться

wash – мыться/умываться bathe – купаться

shave – бриться feel – чувствовать relax – расслабиться

concentrateконцентрироваться

Неправильно: She washed herself and dressed herself.

Она умылась и оделась.

Правильно: She washed and dressed.

Она умылась и оделась.

Примеры: I am feeling ill now. Я чувствую себя больной сейчас. He shaves every week. Он бреется каждую неделю. You should relax. Тебе нужно расслабиться.

Однако вы можете использовать их с возвратными местоимениями, в тех случаях, когда нужно подчеркнуть, что человек сделал это сам, приложил усилие, чтобы сделать что-то.

Her arm is broken but she can dress herself. Ее рука сломана, но она может одеться сама.

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Использование by с возвратными местоимениями

Очень часто возвратные местоимения используются вместе с by: by myself – один/сам by yourself – один/сам by themselves – один/сам by ourselves – один/сам by herself – один/сам by himself – один/сам by itself – один/сам Такое сочетание мы используем, чтобы сказать, что человек делает что-то один или без посторонней помощи. Обычно это словосочетание ставится в конце предложения. Примеры: She cleaned the house by herself. Она одна убрала дом. He likes to have dinner by himself. Ему нравится ужинать одному. Children can't go to the cinema by themselves. Дети не могут пойти в кино одни. I am going to live by myself. Я собираюсь жить одна.

PRACTICE

PRONOUNS

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using the most appropriate words from the list below.

1.It's just not right. ...... is worrying me about this.

2.The office is empty. There's ..... here except me.

3.I'm sorry, I don't think there's ..... I can do to help you.

4.(the telephone line is dead) Hello? Is there ..... there?

5. ..... seems to be wrong with the printer. It's not working.

6.There's..... to see you. Shall I ask them to wait?

7.I see that ..... has a copy of the agenda, so let's begin.

8.(before moving on to the next point in a meeting) Is there ..... else?

9.Good, ..... is going according to plan.

10.No, I've decided ..... you could say would make me change my mind.

Exercise 2. Underline the correct words.

1.We can't blame anyone/no one but ourselves for this mess.

2.There's anything/nothing in the post for you this morning.

3.There isn't anything/nothing in the post for you this morning.

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4.Anyone /Someone called for you earlier, but I don't know who.

5.Isn't there anywhere/nowhere to go that's open at this time of night?

6.Can I ask you anything /something?

7.There's anyone I someone on the phone to speak to you.

8.You can do anything / something you want, it won't make any difference.

9.Sorry, I don't know anything/nothing about it.

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with a word from the list below, in a suitable form, and a reflexive pronoun.

1.I keep ...... what I would do in his situation.

2.It was a great holiday. We really ..... .

3.James..... Spanish by listening to cassettes while driving to work.

4.Be careful! It's very heavy! Don't ..... .

5.Paula knows a lot of French, but she can't ..... very easily

6.Ladies and Gentlemen, please ..... to more coffee.

7.Mary ..... for a shock. I'm going to resign.

8.Let me ..... . My name is Susan Conway.

9.It wasn't your fault. Don't ..... .

10.Ann and Nick! Great to see you. Come in and ..... at home.

Exercise 4. Underline the correct or most appropriate words.

1.No one like/likes to discover hidden costs, does he/do they?

2.I felt/felt myself quite nervous at the start of the presentation, but after a few minutes I relaxed/relaxed myself.

3.We'll deliver your pizza sometime, somewhere/anytime, anywhere.

4. I remember/remember myself when I first started working here. I always used to worry/worry myself if I was doing the right thing.

5.The figures in this spreadsheet don't correspond to the ones on the invoices. We're going to have to check everyone/every one.

6.Everyone has/have to meet in the lobby at nine o'clock to collect his/their conference registration forms.

7.Rome isn't somewhere/anywhere near Milan.

8.Rome isn't somewhere/anywhere I'd like to go for holidays in August. It's too hot for me then.

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9.Your two colleagues introduced themselves/each other to me yesterday. First I met Peter, then later I met Susan.

10.Your two colleagues introduced themselves/each other to me yesterday. Peter told me a little about what Susan does, and Susan told me a little about Peter.

Exercise 5.Complete the dialogues with the words from the list below.

Exercise 6. Vicky and her husband Charles are staying in a hotel. Complete what Vicky says by using the verbs in brackets with or without a reflexive pronoun.

'Charles, come on, try to (1) ….. . (enjoy)! (2) ….. (remember) you're on holiday! Look, why don't you (3) ..... (help) to another drink, go on .....

Goodness me, there's Daniel Westlake over there. What on earth is he doing here in Marrakech? Er, have you two (4) ..... (met) before? You know, you'd have a lot in common with Daniel. Why don't you go over there and (5) .....

(introduce) to him? While you do that I'll go back to the room and (6).....

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Наречиямогутусиливатьзначения другихнаречийи прилагательных.

It's relatively expensive, (adverb + adjective) He arrived extremely late, (adverb + adverb)

Формы наречий

Наречия образуются при помощи суффикса -ly от имен прилагательных. Исходя из формы прилагательного, наречие может заканчи-

ваться на -y -ally, or -ily. slow – slowly

slight – slightly careful – carefully full – fully

dramatic – dramatically steady – steadily

Некоторые наречия совпадают по форме с именами прилагательными:

fast, hard, early, late, high, low, right, wrong, daily/weekly/monthly/quarterly.

This is a fast machine, (adj.)

This machine goes very fast, (adv.)

Companies have been slimming down to improve their efficiency.(=if a company slims down or is slimmed down, it makes itself smaller by getting rid of some of its workers)

Обратите внимание на перевод наречий hard (трудно) и hardly(едва, кое-как)

It's so noisy I can hardly think, ('hardly' = almost not)

Наречие от прилагательного good – это well

She's a good negotiator. She negotiates well.

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Порядок расстановки прилагательных в предложении

Примеры:

a 10-page American legal contract (size, nationality, type) a fast new sports car (quality, age, type)

an efficient worldwide distribution network (opinion, size, type) a cheap clean energy source (quality, quality, type)

Прилагательные на -ing и -ed

Прилагательные на -ing описывают предмет, человека, явление. Прилагательные на -ed описывают наши чувства и реакции на

внешнее воздействие.

The meeting was very interesting.

I was interested in your idea about outsourcing.

Примеры:

bored/boring, confused/confusing, excited/exciting, fascinated'/fascinating, surprised/surprising, tired/tiring

I found her comments quite surprising.

I was surprised by her comments.

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ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Exercise 1. Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1.There was a slight fall in profits in April. In April profits ..... .

2.There was a dramatic improvement in our share price last month. Last month our share price ..... .

3.There has been a significant drop in demand for oil over the last few months. Demand for oil ..... over the last few months.

4.Let's have a brief pause for coffee. Let's..... for coffee.

5.There has been a steady improvement in the inflation figures. The inflation figures ..... .

6.There was a slow recovery in consumer confidence last year. Consumer confidence ..... last year.

7.There has been a gradual rise in unemployment. Unemployment ..... .

8.There has been considerable growth in Korean GDP over recent years. Over recent years Korean GDP ..... .

Exercise 2. Underline the correct adjective.

1.I couldn't do any more work last night. I was just so tired/tiring.

2.I don't think the audience liked the talk. They looked bored/boring.

3.I don't think the audience liked the talk. It was a bit bored/boring.

4.Your new multimedia project sounds really excited/exciting.

5.You look worried/worrying. Is anything the matter?

6.Their profits last year were extremely large/enormous.

7.Their profits last year were absolutely large/enormous.

8.The sales figures last month were very bad/terrible.

9.Warsaw is absolutely cold/freezing at this time of year

Exercise 3. Put each group of words into the best order.

1.old-fashioned a large machine cutting .....

2.wooden square two cartons .....

3.new package an amazing software .....

4.period a transition three-month difficult .....

5.chips computer Taiwanese high-quality .....

6.a strategy well-planned investment .....

7.access cheap Internet high-speed .....

8.a new revolutionary computer handheld .....

9.a powder washing new wonderful .....

10.awful plastic cheap souvenirs .....

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Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with a word from the list below. At the end of each sentence write adj. (adjective) or adv. (adverb) to show how the word in the gap is being used.

9.I'm sorry, I don't understand. You're talking too ..... .

10.We'll have to make a ..... exit if things start going wrong.

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