Английская грамматика для студентов факультета бизнеса. Предпороговый уровень. English grammar for pre-intermediate business students. Учебное пособие
.pdf6.The news wasn’t/weren’t as bad as we expected.
7.Gymnastics is/are my favourite sport.
8.I can’t find my glasses. Maybe you know where it is / they are?
9.Five days isn’t/aren’t long enough for a good holiday.
10.The people in that city is/are very friendly.
11.Does/Do the police know how the road accident happened?
12.I don’t like very cold weather. Minus 10 degrees is/are too cold for me.
Ex. 7. Underline the correct words.
1.How much/How many pages are there on your website?
2.Is/Are there many/much banks with a head office in Geneva?
3.Is/Are there many/much traffic in Geneva?
4.How much/How many information have we got about this company?
5.Where is/are the goods we ordered?
6.There is/are some people waiting for you at the reception.
7.We bought some new equipment/equipments last month.
8.We bought some new machine/machines last month.
9.This is an equipment/a piece of equipment that controls the speed of rotation.
10.This is a machine/a piece of machine that controls the speed of rotation.
11.He gave me an/some advice which was/were really useful.
12.I'm afraid we haven't got much/many time.
13.The news is/are on at nine. There may be an/some information about
Davos.
14.We have some/any blue ones in stock, but we don't have some/any red ones.
15.You can choose some/any colour you want.
Ex. 8. Complete the sentences with the word a, an, some, much or many.
1.That's ..... good idea.
2.Well, that's ..... progress, I suppose.
3.We do some business in Poland, but not ..... .
4.We have a few customers in Poland, but not ..... .
5.I'd like to make ..... inquiry about training courses you offer at your college.
6.Can I have ..... information about trains to Paris?
7.I'll see you in an hour. I don't have ..... more emails to write.
8.I'll see you in an hour. I don't have ..... more work to do.
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9.Do you have ..... trouble with the unions in your factory?
10.Do you have ..... difficulties with the unions in your factory?
11.I need to claim ..... expenses for my trip last month.
12.We didn't study ..... economics at university, just a little.
Ex. 9. Underline the correct words in this dialogue.
ANGELA: Jack, have you got (1) a/some moment for a chat? JACK: Of course, go ahead. Now's a good time.
ANGELA: There (2) is /are (3) an /some important work that we need to do over the next few months. It should be (4) an /some interesting job, and I think you're the best (5) person /people to do it.
JACK: Oh, really?
ANGELA: Yes. Well,(6) an / a piece of empty land has come onto the market on the other side of town
JACK: Uh, huh ..... .
ANGELA: And, as you know, we haven’t got (7) many /much space at our present site. Well, we think it’s (8) an /some ideal opportunity to expand.
JACK: Yeah. We don't have much room here.
ANGELA: Well, we're thinking about building completely new offices. We'd like you to do (9) a/some research on the whole idea, and then write (10) a/some report on whether to go ahead or not. Are you interested?
JACK: Well, I haven't got (11) much /many experience of this kind of thing. I.....
ANGELA: I know, but there really isn't anyone else here who is suitable. JACK: Oh ..... .
ANGELA: And we need to make (12) a progress /progress on this as quickly as possible. We're taking on fifteen new people in March.
JACK: Um, right, but there (13) is /are (14) many / a lot of (15) information / informations to collect. I ..... .
ANGELA: Well, with this new responsibility we might consider reviewing your salary.
JACK: Well, OK, it sounds like (16) an /a interesting challenge. I'll do it.
TEST
1. Write countable and uncountable nouns in two columns and translate them.
Clothes, picture, air, time, water, machine, music, snow, word, coffee, money, idea, family, knowledge, sea, hour, tree, silver, meat, happiness, information, speed, book, news, house, friend, milk, student, pen, paper.
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2.Complete the card Nelly sent to her friend. Choose one of the suggested variants.
The island is very peaceful. Life / A life is good here. Everybody moves at a nice slow pace. People have time / a time to stop and talk. It’s experience / an experience I won’t forget for a long time. There aren’t many shops, so I can’t spend all my money, although I did buy painting / a painting yesterday. Now I’m sitting on the beach reading paper / a paper. The hotel breakfast is so enormous that I don’t need to have lunch. I’ve just brought orange juice / an orange juice with me to drink later. I’ve been trying all the different fruit/fruits grown in this part of the world, and they’re all delicious.
3.Choose the correct form, paying attention to countable and uncountable nouns.
1.He’s got much information/informations about our travel.
2.He’s going to buy some new trouser/trousers.
3.They are not going to buy new furniture/furnitures.
4.His hair/hairs is fair.
5.I’m going to buy new sunglass/sunglasses.
6.They gave us some advice/advices.
7.The personnel / The personnels is very happy with the new premises.
8.The air was full of dusts/dust from the wind storm.
9.I’ve learned a lot of slang/slangs from my new friends.
10.Sometimes factories cause pollution/pollutions.
11.Jack is a millionaire and owns a lot of business/businesses.
12.I made a lot of mistake/mistakes in my last composition.
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U N I T 2
ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПАДЕЖ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ
(The Possessive Case of Nouns)
Имя существительное в английском языке имеет два падежа: «общий», не имеющий специальных окончаний, и «притяжательный». Притяжательный падеж обозначает принадлежность предмета лицу или другому предмету. Одушевленные существительные (обозначающие людей или животных) образуют притяжательный падеж путем добавления к существительному в единственном числе апострофа и окончания -’s.
Например: John’s car (машина Джона), my mother’s ring (кольцо моей матери), the boy’s bike (велосипед мальчика), Sam and Mary’s son (сын Сэма и Мэри).
После имен, оканчивающихся на -s, ставится либо -’s, либо -’.
Например: Denis’s wife = Denis’ wife (жена Дэниса), Gladys’s job = Gladys’ job (работа Глэдис), Dickens’s novels = Dickens’ novels (романы Диккенса).
Во множественном числе, если существительное уже имеет окончание -s, то добавляется только -’, если не имеет окончания -s, то -’s.
Например: her parents’ house (дом ее родителей), the boys’ bikes (ве-
лосипеды мальчиков), children’s books (книги детей), women’s magazines (журналы женщин = женские журналы).
Притяжательный падеж неодушевленных существительных передается при помощи предлога of.
Например: the end of the story (конец истории), the door of the car (дверь машины), the best time of the year (лучшее время года).
ЗАПОМНИТЕ
Названия времен года и месяцев и существительные the world, the sun, the moon, the earth, country, city, town, bank, ship, nature, the sea, the ocean образуют притяжательный падеж по аналогии с одушевленными существительными.
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Например:
winter’s holidays (зимние праздники), April’s day (апрельский день), the moon’s surface (поверхность луны), the country’s economy (экономи-
ка страны), the bank’s loans (кредиты банка)
Ex. 1. Write the sentences with nouns in Plural.
Example: This is the boy’s book. – These are the boys’ books.
1.This is the girl’s bag.
2.That is the secretary’s office.
3.This is the woman’s jacket.
4.This is the director’s parking space.
5.That’s the dog’s biscuit.
6.That’s the man’s car.
7.This is the teacher’s room.
8.This is the child’s doll.
9.This is my sister’s book.
10.That is the student’s locker.
Ex. 2. Make up sentences.
Example: front, Whose, house, is, of, car, John’s, in? – Whose car is in front of John’s house?
1.is, wife, Joe’s, Mary.
2.is, brother, student, a, Jack’s.
3.is, bag, on, desk, the, Whose, that?
4.bike, garage, the, in, The, Peter’s, is.
5.friendly, are, dogs, very, Bob’s.
6.are, video, these, games, Whose?
7.brother, Are, Chris’, you?
8.American, Claire’s, Is, husband?
Ex. 3. Use the Possessive case of nouns.
Example: The friends of my parents. – My parents’ friends.
1.The children of John Turner.
2.The question of my son.
3.The wife of my brother.
4.The name of this man.
5.The voice of this girl.
6.The car of my parents.
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7.The room of my friend.
8.The handbags of these women.
9.The flat of my sister is large.
10.The poems of Lermontov.
Ex. 4. Open the brackets using ’s or preposition of.
1.What is ... ? (the name / this man)
2.What is ... ? (the address / Mike)
3.When is ... ? (birthday / your mother)
4.Do you like ... ? (the taste / this ice-cream)
5. ... is very beautiful. (the masterpiece / the architect)
6.What is ... ? (this man / the profession)
7.For me summer is ... . (the best time / the year)
8.... is near the market. (the house / my parents)
9.... is very good. (the work / Mary)
10.... is yellow. (the colour / the wall)
11.Do you like ...? (the bridges / St. Petersburg)
12.The post-office is at ... . (the end / the street)
13.I need ... . (the help / my friend)
14.... is very tasty. (the filling / this pie)
Ex. 5. Translate from Russian into English, using the Possessive case of nouns.
1.Чьи это письма? – Это письма моих друзей.
2.Мэри взяла книги своего брата.
3.Это офис нашего директора.
4.Это семья моего друга. Отец моего друга учитель. Мать моего друга врач.
5.Чья это книга? – Это книга Рика.
6.Это квартира моей бабушки.
7.Смотри! Это сочинение его брата!
8.Где здесь квартира писателя?
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U N I T 3
АРТИКЛИ
(Articles)
A/an – неопределенный артикль, используется для ввода новой информации.
The – определенный артикль, используется в разговоре об известном нам человеке или предмете.
'No article' – отсутствие артикля перед существительным. Используется в случае, если мы говорим о чем-то вообщем, не конкретизируя.
Сравните:
I read an interesting report last week. ('report' is mentioned for the first time)
Have you read the report I gave you?(the listener knows which report) Reports are sent out four times a year (speaking generally)
УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОГО АРТИКЛЯ
Rule |
Example |
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Если предмет упоминается впервые |
I sent you an e-mail yesterday. |
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В значении «какой-то», «один из |
There is a letter on the table. |
множества подобных», «любой», |
Choose a book from this catalogue. |
«каждый» |
Can you pass me a paper clip from |
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that box by your side? |
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В значении «один», «еще один» |
Wait a minute. |
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Rule |
Example |
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Перед описательным определением |
It's an interesting idea. |
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Cairo is a very big city. |
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This is a better product. |
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Перед существительными, обозна- |
Fiona used to be a teacher, but now |
чающими профессию, род занятий |
she's in management training. |
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Перед вещественным существитель- |
Bring us a tea and two coffees. |
ным, если оно обозначает сорт, раз- |
Collier’s Cheese is a very good |
новидность или порцию чего-либо |
cheese. |
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После what, such, quite, rather |
What a fine day! |
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This is rather an (a rather) interest- |
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ing article. |
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В устойчивых сочетаниях с глагола- |
to have a cold – простудиться |
ми to have, to take, to give |
to have a good time – хорошо |
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провести время |
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to have a headache – болит голова |
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to take a shower – принимать душ |
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to take a seat – присаживаться |
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to give a hand – оказывать по- |
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мощь |
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Но: to have fun – веселиться to |
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have breakfast/dinner – |
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завтракать/обедать |
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В конструкциях I have a ... This is a ... |
I have an idea I'd like to discuss. |
I am a ... I see a ... There is a ... He is a |
We must have a meeting next |
... |
week. |
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В словосочетаниях once a week – раз |
I go there twice a month. |
в неделю three times a day – три раза |
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в день $10 a kilo – десять долларов |
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за килограмм |
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УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕННОГО АРТИКЛЯ
Rule |
Example |
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Когда и говорящему, и слу- |
Six banks are interested in buying a stake |
шающему понятно, о чем |
in Peru's Banco Latino. Three are North |
идет речь |
American banks, one is a major Spanish |
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institution, another is Ecuadorean and the |
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other is Peruvian. The six have been invit- |
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ed to study Latino's books and bid by the |
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end of March. (Business News Americas |
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website) |
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Where's the newspaper? (we know which |
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one from the situation) |
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The meeting will begin at ten. (both the |
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speaker and listener know which meeting) |
Перед порядковым числи- |
We live in the 21st century. |
тельным |
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Перед прилагательным |
This is the best quality material we have |
в превосходной степени |
in stock. |
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This is the most interesting workshop I |
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have ever attended. |
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Перед same, left, right, wrong, |
We studied at the same faculty. That’s the |
next, last, following, previous, |
very book I’m looking for. |
only, very, main, central, whole |
Но: last year – прошлый год |
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next week – следующая неделя |
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При повторном упоминании |
We must have a meeting next week. The |
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meeting should focus on the auditors' re- |
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port. |
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I went to an interesting show last week. It |
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was the Paris Spring Collection. |
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Перед существительным, обо- |
When was the telephone invented? |
значающим класс предметов |
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Rule |
Example |
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Перед национальностями |
I really admire the Italians for their sense |
и группами людей |
of design. |
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The government is trying to do more to |
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help the poor. |
Перед существительными, |
I’ll speak to the boss when he gets back. |
обозначающими предметы, |
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единственные в своем роде |
the sun – солнце |
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the moon – луна |
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the earth – земля |
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the capital – столица |
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the centre – центр |
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the Queen – королева |
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the President – президент |
Перед существительными, |
the world – мир |
обозначающими предметы |
the sky – небо |
и явления, типичные для |
the country – страна |
окружения любого человека |
the mountains – горы |
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the weather – погода |
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the bank – банк |
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the theatre – театр |
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the press – пресса |
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the police – полиция |
В ряде сочетаний |
at the moment – в данный момент at the |
и выражений |
top, at the bottom – вверху, внизу |
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by the way – кстати |
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in the future, in the past – в будущем, |
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в прошлом |
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in the middle – в середине |
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in the night – ночью |
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in the sun – на солнце |
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on the left/right – слева/справа |
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the other day – на днях |
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out of the question – совершенно исклю- |
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чено |
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