English grammar for university students. Part 1. Учебное пособие
.pdfEx. 4. Transfer the sentences using the Present Continuous. Change the adverbials. Mind the adverbials used with the Simple (rarely, often, etc.) and those used with the Continuous (now, still, at the moment, today, this week, just (как раз), etc.). Translate.
1. Jane often helps her sister. 2. He rarely reads detective stories. 3. Sometimes I listen to rock music. 4. They usually do their homework after dinner. 5. She cleans her room once a week. 6. My sister washes the floor two times a month. 7. Tom writes a letter to his parents on Sundays. 8. They always laugh at his jokes. 9. Nelly plays the piano every day. 10. He sleeps till 7 o'clock on weekdays. 11. All the time he wears his old jeans.
Ex. 5. Make up ten sentences with the Present Simple Tense basing on the unit and transfer them into the Present Continuous.
Ex. 6. Explain, why the Present Continuous is not used in the following sentences despite the fact that the action in them takes place at the moment of speaking. Translate.
1. The phone is ringing. Who's it for, I wonder? 2. You talk as if your son is a little boy. 3. Your plan sounds dull. 4. There was a burst of laughter. 5. The whole thing must be done quickly. That leaves us no alternative. 6. Sam, can you hear me? 7. Why do you talk to me like that? 8. I feel, that I am guilty. 9. Do you think there may be some mistakes here? 10. Why do you ask me?
Ex. 7. Explain the use of the tense with the verbs, which usually don't form the Continuous. Translate into Russian. Mind that they are polysemantic (have more than one lexical meaning). Example: to see –
видеть, провожать; to think - думать, обдумывать, размышлять; to admire - восхищаться, любоваться.
1. I have three brothers. 2. They are having lunch now. 3. I see that you are busy. 4. Jack is seeing Nelly home. 5. He is seeing his English friends off. 6. She sees a beautiful flower. 7. We are seeing the New Year in at our relatives'. 8. We are seeing the sights of London. 9. They think that you are right. 10. I'm thinking of the future meeting. 11. We think the same. 12. He's thinking about the situation. 13. He admires her character. 14. She is admiring the view. 15. She is looking very tired. 16. She looks pale. 17. I feel something is wrong. 18. I'm feeling weak. 19. I hear you. 20. Don't shout, I'm hearing you quite well. 21. I hate being late. 22. I'm hating your rude behaviour. 23. She wears fashion clothes. 24. She is wearing a blue hat.
Ex. 8. Explain the use of the Present Continuous for repeated actions.
It expresses exaggeration (you do smth. more often than it is necessary) when
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we are irritated, surprised, pleased. Mind the adverbials: always, continuously, constantly, repeatedly, perpetually, all the time. Translate into Russian.
1.You are always losing your things. 2. She is always pitying everybody!
3.They are constantly being late for the lecture. 4. He is always telling lies. 5. You are always writing without mistakes. 6. We are always quarrelling. 7. She is constantly thinking about you. 8. My aunt is always grumbling. 9. I'm repeatedly hearing strange stories about him. 10. She is continually mocking at me.
Ex. 9. Speak about the irritating habits of your relatives, friends.
Ex. 10. Explain the use of the Present Continuous to denote future actions (planned and arranged). Translate.
1. She is leaving tomorrow. 2. The boat is sailing next week. 3. He is returning on Monday. 4. We are having dinner at the Browns next Saturday. 5. He is playing football at the weekend. 6. We are spending next winter in Australia. 7. He is arriving tomorrow morning on the 9.00 train. 8. The train is leaving in ten minutes.
Ex. 11. Look at Diana’s diary and speak about her plans for the nearest future.
Monday play a game of tennis with Mike Tuesday go to the hairdresser Wednesday watch a new film at Rita’s Thursday take a guitar lesson
Friday visit Granny Saturday go to the pool Sunday prepare for the exam
Ex. 12. Make up your own diary and speak about your plans.
Ex.13. Arrange the sentences into two groups according to the use of the Present Continuous: a) for repeated actions with elements of exaggeration; b) for future actions (planned and arranged); c) action going on at the present moment.
1.Don’t make noise. He is sleeping. 2. You are always losing your things.
3.She is always pitying everybody! 4. She is leaving tomorrow. 5. Somebody is knocking at the door. 6. They are constantly being late for the lecture. 7. He is returning on Monday. 8. The boat is sailing next week. 9. He is always telling lies. 10. My aunt is always grumbling. 11. She isn’t reading. She is doing the room. 12. I’m repeatedly hearing strange stories about him. 13. We are spending next winter in Australia. 14. He is arriving tomorrow morning on the
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9.00 train. 15. He is playing football at the weekend. 16. She is continually mocking at me. 17. Come in, please. Will you join us? We are having dinner. 18. The train is leaving in ten minutes. 19. We are always quarrelling. 20. We are having dinner at the Browns next Saturday.
Ex. 14. Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous in the following sentences.
1. He has a terrible pain. You (not to think) he (to behave) very well? 2. I (not to drink) coffee now I (to write) an English exercise. 3. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 4. Don't speak loudly. The baby (to sleep). 5. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 6. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 7. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 8. I usually (to get up) at seven o'clock in the morning. 9. What your sister (to do) now? - She (to wash) dishes. 10. When you usually (to come) home from school? - I (to come) at three o'clock. 11. My mother (to play) the piano now. She (to play) it in the morning. 12. I (to read) books in the evening. 13. I (to write) an exercise now. 14. He (to help) his mother every day. 15. You (to go) to school every day? 16. My friend (not to like) to play football. 17. The children (to eat) soup now. 18. You (to play) volley-ball well? 19. Kate (to sing) well. She (to sing) at the moment. 20 Where John (to live)? - He (to live) in London. 21. What you (to do) here? - We (to listen) to the cassettes. 22. Mike (to know) German quite well. 23. What magazine you (to read)? - It's a French magazine. 24. My sister usually (to prepare) her lessons at the Institute. 25. Who that man (to be) who (to stand) in the doorway? 26. I (to have) no time now I (to have) dinner. 27. Tom and Nick (to have) a talk. 28. She still (to do) her work in the room. 29. It still (to rain)? 30. My granny still (to cook) lunch. 31. She (to wear) a new coat today. 32 Peter never (to wear) a hat. 33. I (to get up) at 8 in the morning. 34. It's 8 o'clock. He (to get up). 35. What you (to say)? I (not to hear) well. 36. It (to get) dark. It's time to go home. 37. It (to get) dark early in winter. 38. Listen! Somebody (to sing) in the room. 39. She (to sing) well and (to have) a pleasant voice. 40. When it is foggy in London, cars (to move) slowly. 41. Our train (to move) very fast.
Ex. 15. Correct the verbs if tenses are wrong.
1. They are understanding the problem now. 2. The soup is tasting delicious. 3. Their son is coming home next week. 4. I won’t take this dish. It is smelling awful. 5. The last train is leaving the station at 11p.m. 6. The evening is warm but you are shivering. 7. Now I am seeing what you are driving at. 8. Where is John? – He prepares his homework. 9. I’m sorry but you can’t see Mr. Green. He has dinner. 10. I am hating to speak to him. He is always complaining. 11. He is wanting to buy a car so he is taking his driving lessons. 12.
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He often changes his political views. Now he is belonging to the Conservative Party. 13. I can’t stand him. He is liking to mock at people. 14. You are always laughing at lessons too much and the teachers are usually complaining of you.
Ex. 16. Translate the sentences into English. Explain the use of the Pre-
sent Continuous Tense.
1. Прекрати игру, в которую ты играешь. 2. Они переехали в новый дом и теперь покупают мебель. 3. Ты вся трясешься. Ты хорошо себя чувствуешь? 4. Он всегда проверяет, что я делаю. 5. Я встречаюсь с Джоном 25-го. 6. Поезд как раз отправляется. 7. Надень плащ. На улице дождь. 8. Возьми зонт. Начинается дождь. 9. Том остается у нас. Он слишком устал, чтобы ехать домой. 10. Почему ты все время заказываешь пудинг в этом ресторане? 11. Я так по ней скучаю. Я все время думаю о ней. Иногда мне кажется, что я слышу ее голос. 12. Почему ты вечно придираешься ко мне? Я ничего не делаю плохого. 13. Мэри, чем ты занята? Ты слушаешь меня? - Да, я слышу тебя прекрасно. Я как раз заканчиваю письмо Нику. 14. Извините, я такая неловкая. 15. Почти все время он проводят в своем кабинете. Он работает над своим изобретением. 16. Мы как раз обсуждаем эту проблему. 17. Мой отец все время говорит такие вещи, что я чувствую себя неловко. 18. Я пойду к себе. Я чувствую себя уставшей. 19. Мы не сможем прийти к вам в воскресенье. Мой муж работает. 20. Нелли все еще одевается? 21. У него хорошо идут дела в его бизнесе. Он по-прежнему работает в модельном бизнесе. 22. Сегодня вечером мы принимаем гостей. 23. Присаживайся. Мы как раз обсуждаем наш отпуск - Вы все еще обдумываете, куда поехать? 24. Привет, Элис. Ты выглядишь чудесно! 25. Я слышал эту историю много раз. Весь город говорит об этом. 26. Посмотри, как красиво они танцуют. Я любуюсь ими. 27. Я знаю, что утомляю вас, но я не уйду без вашего ответа. 28. Вы оба так глупо себя ведете. 29. Кто это смеется в саду?
Литература 1.Грамматика английского языка: пособие для студ. пед. институтов и ун-
тов / В.Л.Каушанская, Р.Л. Ковнер и др.. - 5-е изд., испр. и доп.- Москва: Айрис-пресс, 2009.
2. English Grammar, Reference and Practice, Version 2. / Дроздова Т.Ю., Маи-
лова В.Г., Берестова А.И., 2012.
THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
The formation.
It is formed by means of the auxiliary verbs shall/will and the infinitive without “to” of the notional verb. In modern English there is a tendency to use
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“will” for all persons in all Future tenses: I will work. Will I work? I will not work.
(contracted negative forms are: shan’t, won’t)
The use. The Future Simple is used to denote: 1.simple facts in the future:
It will snow in winter. It will be cooler tomorrow;
2. decisions made at the moment of speaking:
All right, I will phone you at nine.
Oh, we have no bread. I’ll go and buy some.
But: if the decision was made before the moment of speaking we use Present Continuous or the construction to be going to do smth.
Where are you going? I am going to buy some bread. There is none left.
(To denote a future planned action the word combinations to be going + Infinitive, to be about + Infinitive, to be on the point of + Gerund are often used. They denote an action which is expected to take place in the near future: The runners are about to start);
3.requests, promises:
Will you do me a favour? Will you shut the door, please?
This bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it;
4.predictions:
I think I will go out tonight. I don’t think our team will win, they are playing awfully!
The verb ‘shall’ can express:
-offers and suggestions: Shall we start now?
-asking for advice, smb’s opinion: What shall I do if he comes again?
THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE. EXERCISES.
Ex. 1. Open the brackets and use the Future Simple Tense. Explain its use.
1. I know your car is broken. I (give) you a lift if you don’t mind. 2. We (to be) back in several days. 3. I’m sorry but Mr. Jones is out. Can you come some other time? – Ok, I (come) tomorrow night. 4. I think he (speak) to us about it. 5. I am busy now, but I (phone) you soon. 6. I think there is nothing to
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worry about. The necessary papers (reach) you in due course. 7. I give you my most solemn promise. I (pay) tomorrow. 8. I suppose we never (see) him again. 9. I am too tired to walk home. I (take) a taxi. 10. I give you my word. I (not tell) anyone about it. 11. I have left the door open. I (go) and (shut) it. 12. Oh, I forgot to phone Lucy. I (phone) her right now. 13. I don’t know how to solve this problem. – Don’t worry. I (help) you. 14. What would you like to drink? - I (take) an apple juice. 15. I feel a bit hungry. I feel I (have) something to eat. 16. You (turn) the stereo down? I’m trying to concentrate. 17. You (fetch) a piece of chalk? – Certainly, I (be back) in a minute. 18. It’s very stuffy in the room. You (open) the window, please? 19. I (to be) fourteen next year. 20. It’s cold in the room. – Is it? I (switch) on the heating then. 21. It’s getting dark. I (switch) on the lights? 22. We (go)? – Just a moment. I’ll be ready in a minute.
Ex. 2. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the Future Simple Tense.
Dreaming about future is a great pleasure and a kind of spending my free hours for me. I believe that our life (change) greatly and I hope not to worse. There (be) no wars and diseases in the 21st century. People (become) healthier, stronger and more kind-hearted. They (stop) polluting the environment. Their looks (stay) the same, but the souls (be) more noble and pure. People (get) also cleverer and (make) many great discoveries, which (turn) our life to the absolutely new way. Besides we (face) great changes in techniques and science. Supersonic planes (cut) the sky above our heads, super-powerful spaceships (fly) to the new planets and probably we (find) there human-like creatures and (start) relations with them). New technologies (help) our doctors to find medicine against all possible diseases and people (cease) suffering. The climate (become) warmer and our planet (sink) in trees in blossom and flowers with beautiful fine scent. New types of birds and animals (appear). I (change) too. I (grow) older and I hope wiser. I think I (feel) happy in my old years because I (can) see all these changes with my own eyes and probably to participate in some of them. But I’m absolutely sure that one thing (remain) the same for ever - love. My grandchildren (fall in love) as I did when I was young. They (have) all these magic feelings in their hearts, but I hope they (be) more talented than me and (turn) them into beautiful sonnets....
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Ex.3. Ask questions beginning with the words in brackets.
1. She will go to school next year. (When? Who?) 2. I think they’ll come to see us next week. (Who? When?) 3. She will see her friend at the cinema. (Whom? Where?) 4. Tomorrow she’ll have breakfast earlier than usual. (When? Why?) 5. It will snow tonight. (When?) 6. Their group will go to London next month. (Who? When? Where?) 7. Ron will help her to pass her exam, I’m sure. (Who? Whom? What?) 8. I’ll never want to see him again. (Whom? Why?) 9. Those happy days will never come back. (Why?) 10. Tina will bring this new record tomorrow: be sure to come. (Who? What? When?) 11. Leave the newspaper alone: I’ll read it in the evening. (When? Who?) 12. Tomorrow our in-laws will visit us. (Who? When?) 13. They will go to the seaside in spring or in summer. (Who? When? Where?) 14. He’ll never lend you money: he’s too greedy for that. (What? Why?) 15. He will return the book to the library tomorrow. (What? Where?).
Ex.4. Match the sentences a - j with their responses 1-10.
a)Why can’t I play with the Bunsen burner?
b)We’re really tired.
c)Put away these books, please.
d)I can’t write on this blackboard.
e)Why is Maria annoying you?
f)I don’t understand this problem.
g)Please stop throwing things, George.
h)Shall I move this desk?
i)I still haven’t got your project!
j)Is that the end of the lesson?
1)Sorry, I won’t do it again.
2)She won’t stop taking my things.
3)Yes, there’s the bell. I’ll see you tomorrow.
4)No, you’ll hurt yourself. I’ll do it.
5)I’ll hand it in on Monday, I promise.
6)It’s dangerous. You’ll burn yourself.
7)Ok, I’ll explain how to do it.
8)We’ll have a short break in a few minutes.
9)Shall I put them in the cupboard?
10)I’ll clean it for you.
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Ex.5. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. Я думаю, что он придёт на этот вечер. 2. Надеюсь, ребенок скоро поправится. 3. Не приходите завтра, он будет занят. 4. Скоро наступит зима. 5. Я уверен, что он подпишет все документы. 6. Вы напишете мне, не правда ли? 7. Я не уверена в том, что он примет Ваше предложение. 8. Можете отправить это письмо сегодня, пожалуйста? 9. Когда ты начнешь читать эту книгу? - Сегодня, и я верну её тебе на следующей неделе. 10. Я думаю, мы ещё увидимся до отъезда. 12. Ты думаешь, мы не опоздаем на поезд? 13. Боюсь, он заблудится. 14. Надеюсь, он больше не будет так себя вести. 15. Не торопите меня. Я всё расскажу с самого начала. 16. Ты покажешь мне картину? 17. Мы вымоем посуду позже. 18. Ты расскажешь мне обо всех своих приключениях? Я всё равно все узнаю - рано или поздно, так или иначе. 19. - Ну что, ты идешь с нами? – Нет, я очень устал, думаю я останусь дома. 20. Я не знаю, как включить компьютер. – Подожди минутку и я покажу тебе.
Ex.6. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of tenses in the subordinate clauses.
1. Она перезвонит вам, как только вернется с совещания. 2. Как только он придет, я ему все расскажу. 3. Я с ним поговорю до того, как ты вернёшься. Но я не уверен, последует ли он моим советам. 4. Я буду вам очень благодарен (grateful), если вы продиктуете (dictate) мне эту статью. 5. С вашей стороны будет очень глупо, если вы не воспользуетесь данной возможностью. 6. Поезд прибывает через час. Я не знаю, будет ли ктонибудь встречать Анну на вокзале. 7. Как только вы его увидите, спросите его, когда он вернет мне фотоаппарат. 8. Спросите их, не дадут ли они мне пылесос (vacuum cleaner), если мне нужно будет почистить ковер. 9. Вот вам мой адрес на тот случай, если вы решите приехать в Москву. 10. Мне отправить письмо? – Да, пожалуйста. 11. Я уверен, вы полюбите ее, как только она начнет работать с вами. 12. Мы детально (in detail) обсудим этот вопрос до того, как только он придет. 13. Он думает, что не сможет подготовиться к докладу, если он не возьмет эту книгу в библиотеке. 14. Я с ним поговорю, когда он придет, но я не знаю, придет ли он сегодня. 15. Я не знаю, когда я получу от нее ответ, но как только я его получу, я сразу же вам позвоню.
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Ex.7. Make up sentences according to the patterns using “to be going to”.
A. Are you going to do these things tomorrow?
Pattern: get up at 6.30 - I’m not going to get up at 6.30. I’m going to get up at 8.
buy a new bag; watch TV in the evening; study French; go for a walk in the morning; visit your friends; walk your dog; hoover your carpet; go to bed early; visit your relatives; fix something; change your hairstyle, make a cake, arrange a surprise party, learn the poem by heart, get ready for the grammar test.
B. Make up questions using the words given below.
Pattern: What time/you/get up/tomorrow? - What time are you going to get up tomorrow?
1. What/you/wear/at your friend’s wedding? 2. What time/he/phone you tonight? 3. Where/you/buy a new coat? 4. How long/they stay in Moscow?
5.What time/you/go to bed tomorrow? 6. Why/you/invite him?
7. Why/he/divorce his wife? 8. How/you/hush it up? 9. When/he help us?
10.When/you/watch this film? 11. What/she/give him as a present?
12. Why/they/leave? 13. Who/come to the party? 14. What kind of party/it/be? 15. What/you/do/to escape punishment? 16. Where/he/hide?
17. When/she/perform? 18. Where/you/spend your summer?
19. Why/you/cut him out of your will?
Ex. 8. Read the information about environmental problems and their solutions. Then make five statements about what you're going to do and five about what you're not going to do to solve these problems.
Example: I am going to help save our planet.
I am not going to waste paper.
There are a number of things we can do if we want to help save our planet. For example, if we stop wasting paper, and recycle paper and cardboard, we’ll save some of the millions of trees which are cut down every year. As far as the problem of rubbish is concerned, if we recycle bottles and cans and organic waste, and stop taking plastic bags from the supermarket, this will all make a big difference. We also have to stop making unnecessary car journeys so as to cut down air pollution. Try walking or using a bike instead, and if you buy lo-
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cal fruit and vegetables, this reduces lorry traffic to supermarkets. Water is another problem, and we should all take showers, not baths, to save water. Finally, we need to stop using so much energy, so try changing to low-energy light bulbs, and turning off unnecessary lights.
Ex. 9. Choose the right option. Future Simple or to be going to?
1. My nephew is going to/will study environmental law next year. 2. We are going to/will see a musical at the theatre sometime next week. 3. You look tired. I am going to/will cook dinner tonight. 4. If you go on lying, I am not going to/won’t help you. 5. There is no need to be afraid of the dog. It is not going to/won’t bite you. 6. I think Jenny is going to/will get the job. He has a lot of experience. 7. Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you are going to/will pass it. 8. Shall I/will I/ am I going to ask Amanda to lend you her cocktail dress? 9. Tomorrow is Helen’s birthday. What shall we/will we/are we going to give her as a birthday present? 10. Shall we/Are we going to drive to the restaurant or go there on foot? 11. Remember to get a newspaper when you go out. – Ok, I am not going to/won’t forget. 12. What would you like for dessert? - I am going to/will take a slice of lemon cake and a white coffee, please. 13. The text is too difficult for you to translate. I am going to/will help you with it. 14. I’ve run out of petrol. What will/shall I do? 15. Sue and I decided to give a party. We are going to/will invite a lot of guests.
Ex. 10. Read the following sentences and mark the difference between expressions for near future events: “to be going to do”, “to be about to do”, “to be on the point/verge of doing/noun”. Remember the following:
To be going to – is used to express somebody’s intention, decision, determination to do something in future.
To be about to – is used to talk about an event we intend or expect to happen in the near future. It may or may not be planned, but the evidence in the present indicates that it will happen.
To be on the point/edge/verge of – are used to talk about something which is very close to happening.
1) Who are you going to vote for? 2) Please take your seats. The performance is about to start. 3) Come on! The check-in desk is just about to close. 4) Hurry up! The driver says he can’t wait any longer. He is about to leave
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