English for post-graduate students. Entrance exam. Учебное пособие

15 Academic Degrees Abroad. - Режим доступа: http://doclecture.net/1-

19Training scientists in Russia. - Режим доступа: http://www.russiaeducation.info/

20Dean of Guildford University Speaks about Supervision at his University.

-Режим доступа: http://www.russia-education.info/

21Supervision. - Режим доступа: http://medlec.org/lek3-28507.html

Периодические издания

22 Moscow News, 2017. # 1. - Режим доступа: https://themoscowtimes.com/ 23 Well-matured students. The Times, 2016. #2. - Режим доступа:

https://www.uall.ac.uk/news/bis-part-time-and-mature-students.html 24 Three Russian Universities Make Top 100 in World Rankings.

The Moscow Times. 2016. - Режим доступа: https://themoscowtimes.com/news/three-russian-universities-make-top-100-in- world-rankings-52789

25 Russia Takes Victory Day Parade to Crimea. The Moscow Times . 2016. - Режим доступа: https://blog.allpsych.com/parental-bonding-influences-anxiety- in-adulthood/

26 The Moscow Times. 2016. - Режим доступа: https://themoscowtimes.com/

27 Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт высшего образования. - Режим доступа: www.osu.ru/docs/fgos/vo/asp_38.06.01.doc

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Приложение А

(рекомендуемое)

Topics for oral communication

1)О себе / About myself

2)Высшее образование / Higher Education

3)Мое хобби / My hobby

4)Путешествие / Travelling

5)Еда / Meals

6)Библиотека / Library

7)Свободное время / Leisure time

8)Совершение покупок / Shopping

9)Спорт / Sport

10)Великобритания / The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland

Text 1. About myself

I am [имя, фамилия]. I work in the [организация где вы работаете], in

[город, где расположена ваша работа].

I work on [научное направление, по которому вы работаете]. The main direction of my research is [основная тема, которую вы исследуете. It is a

[кратко и понятно о том, что это такое].

From time to time, I attend scientific forums and present results of my work and exchange ideas with famous experts in [название вашей науки]. When they agree with my ideas and results, I feel very happy. Also I listen to reports of foreign experts. Each conference gives me much experience.

Text 2 Higher Education

Russians have always shown a great concern for education. The right to education is stated in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It is ensured by compulsory secondary schools, vocational schools, and higher education establishments. It is also ensured by the development of extramural and evening courses and the system of state scholarships and grants.

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After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lyceum or a gymnasium one can go on in higher education. All applicants must take Centralized Testing. Higher education institutions, that is, institutes or universities, offer a 5-year programme of academic subjects for undergraduates in a variety of fields, as well as a graduate course. If one finishes a graduate course and writes a thesis, he or she receives a candidate's degree or a doctoral degree.

Higher educational establishments are headed by Rectors. Prorectors are in charge of academic and scientific work. An institute or a university has a number of faculties, each specializing in a field of study. Faculties have specialized councils which confer candidate and doctoral degrees.

The system of secondary and higher education in Russia is going through a transitional period. The main objectives of the reform are: to decentralize the higher education system, to develop a new financial mechanism, to give more academic freedoms to faculties and students. All secondary schools, institutes and universities until recently have been funded by the state. Now there is quite a number of private fee-paying primary and secondary schools; some universities have fee-paying departments.

Text 3. My hobby

Hobby is a person’s favorite occupation, something that he likes doing in free time. It is very important for us to do what we are really interested in and what we are good at.

Usually people choose hobbies according to their interests. Some people are fond of collecting different things. They collect coins, postcards, toys, objects of art and stamps.

As far as my interests are concerned, my favorite occupation is reading. I like to read story books, detectives, historical books and any kind of material that I find interesting. I like to read because my grandmother always read me some fairy tales and stories during my childhood. When I was about 10 my parents always bought me books to read. They always told me that habit of reading is one of the best traits that a man can boast. Now I read about anything that is available. Reading enables me to learn about so many new things. I learn about some

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historical facts, different human achievements, space travels and other fascinating things of our world. My room is full of different books and I dream of becoming a teacher of Literature.

Text 4. Travelling

Modern life is impossible without travelling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea or by road.

Of course, travelling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.

Travelling by sea is very popular. Large ships and small river boats can visit foreign countries and different places of interest within their own country.

As for me, I prefer travelling by car. I think it's very convenient. You needn't reserve tour tickets. You needn't carry heavy suitcases. You can stop wherever you wish, and spend at any place as much time as you like.

Every year my friend and I go somewhere to the South for holidays. The Black Sea is one of the most wonderful places which attracts holiday-makers all over the world. There are many rest-homes, sanatoriums and tourist camps there. But it is also possible to rent a room or a furnished house for a couple of weeks there. Sometimes, we can place ourselves in a tent on the sea shore enjoying fresh air and the sun all day long.

As a rule, I make new friends there. In the day-time we play volleyball, tennis, swim in the warm water of the sea and sunbathe In the evening I like to sit on the beach watching the sea and enjoying the sunset. I'm fond of mountaineering. So I do a lot of climbing together with my friends. Time passes quickly and soon we have to make our way back. We return home sunburnt and full of impressions.

Text 5. Meals

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There are four meals a day in an English home: breakfast, lunch, tea, and dinner. Breakfast is the first meal of the day. It is at about 8 o'clock in the morning, and consists of porridge with milk and salt or sugar, eggs – boiled or fried, bread and butter with marmalade or jam. Some people like to drink tea, but others prefer coffee. Instead of porridge they may have fruit juice, or they may prefer biscuits.

The usual time for lunch is 1 o'clock. This meal starts with soup or fruit juice. Then follows some meat or poultry with potatoes – boiled or fried, carrots and beans. Then a pudding comes. Instead of the pudding they may prefer cheese and biscuits. Last of all coffee – black or white. Englishmen often drink something at lunch. Water is usually on the table. Some prefer juice or lemonade.

Tea is the third meal of the day. It is between 4 or 5 o'clock, the so-called 5 o'clock tea. On the table there is tea, milk or cream, sugar, bread and butter, cakes and jam. Friends and visitors are often present at tea.

Dinner is the fourth meal of the day. The usual time is about 7 o'clock, and all the members of the family sit down together. Dinner usually consists of soup, fish or meat with vegetables – potatoes, green beans, carrot and cabbage, sweet pudding, fruit salad, ice-cream or cheese and biscuits. Then after a talk they have black or white coffee.

This is the order of meals among English families. But the greater part of people in towns and nearly all country-people have dinner in the middle of the day instead of lunch. They have tea a little later – between 5 and 6 o'clock, and then in the evening, before going to bed, they have supper.

So the four meals of the day are either breakfast, dinner, tea, supper; or breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner.

Text 6. Library

Libraries are very important in the life of all people. We can't buy all the books we want to read. That's why we take out books from libraries. A lot of people go to libraries on Saturdays. They have some time to spare, because Saturday is a day off. They bring their books to the library and go home taking new books.

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The librarians take books from the people who come in and give them some new books to choose for reading at home. In a book there is a little pocket and in this pocket there is a piece of paper. The librarian takes this piece of paper out of the pocket in the book. She fills it in, that is, puts the date on the piece of paper and on the right page of the book. Then she puts the piece of paper in the person's reading card.

Speaking about libraries it is necessary to admit that Moscow holds the first place among all the other cities of the world for the number of its libraries. The largest library in the world is the State Lenin Library with an overall funds of 21 million various titles in 166 languages.

It has 22 reading-rooms, special halls for scientific reference work, for children and youth, for current periodicals, reference books, manuscripts and for other purposes. The library has a book exchange service with 60 countries of the world.

I enjoy reading books. And it doesn't matter what kind of book it is. It can be a collection of short stories, a book of poems or adventures. I equally enjoy them all. But there's one thing that matters. When I choose a book for reading, it shouldn't be dull but interesting.

I buy quite a lot of books too, particularly those that I read before and enjoyed reading. I like to have them in my room so that I can turn to them not only once but time and again. I derive an utmost pleasure from sitting in the room where my books are and even if I am not reading them, I like to look at the books on the shelves and to feel that I have my friends around me, friends that will never let you down, that will never betray you.

Text 7. Leisure Time

Nowadays everybody knows that people are very busy and don’t have much time to spare. Sometimes it’s only the weekend and I think that every day-off needs some special planning. The English say: «Who knows how to work, knows how to rest». I think it’s true. In my view rest is as important as work. So I try to treasure every hour and think of the ways of having a good time in the best way possible for me.

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I prefer to spend my free time with the people whose company I always enjoy. I also like to spend my spare time alone, when I’m tired and haven’t got any desire to talk to anybody. Very often I want to get away from noisy streets and go to the countryside and change the scenery. On the other hand I may go to different entertainment centers such as disco clubs, art centers including cinema, theatre, concerts halls, etc.

There are people who want to broaden and enrich their knowledge during their free time. I’m among them; I go to the library or reading-hall where I can find a lot of books written by my favourite writers and poets. I must add that I never have enough time to enjoy reading and more often read a book or a magazine late in the evening. Or I can go to the museums and picture galleries where I can see the works of well-known painters and sculptors of all times. I don’t forget the computer – my greatest helper in searching for knowledge.

If you want to be strong and healthy, go in for sports. There are many sports clubs, swimming-pools, gymnasiums and sport grounds for everybody who loves sports. Sport will make you not only healthier and stronger, but kinder, more sociable, cheerful and even wiser. Sport will give you its strength and energy and you’ll become a greater admirer of life with all its problems and wonders. (As for me…)

Moreover, there are a lot of people, who prefer less energetic activities, such as chess, crosswords, cards. And don’t forget about hobbies. You should have at least one, it’ll help you to relax, dream and enjoy lifer. There are so many hobbies to choose: painting, computer programming, photography, fishing, gardening, cooking, walking, learning languages, collecting something and what not. It’s a pleasure to see lots of things made with your own hands, to look through a large collection of old and rare coins, books or stamps, to present your friends with the pictures and drawings created by yourself, to amuse everyone with your green winter garden at home. So, look around more carefully and you’ll find your own and the only one (or even more). Hobbies give people moments of pride and excitement but take a lot of time, energy and even money.

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Tastes differ and if you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky. (So my hobby is ...)

Travelling is also a good way to spend my spare time. Visiting new places, seeing sights and meeting new people is a very exciting and useful relaxation. I can go hiking. In summer I like to be outdoors from morning till night, sunbathing, walking barefoot on the grass. My family or my friends are the very people to go with to the riverbank, to the forest or to the seashore. It's really wonderful to put up a tent, make a fire and spend time in a picturesque place.

People are dreamers, our dreams are different but each person chooses his own way of spending free time, either passive or active. In any case leisure should be refreshment and a source of inspiration.

Text 8. Shopping

Shopping has common elements wherever it takes place. A buyer looks for a seller who is offering something the buyer wants or needs at a price the buyer can afford to pay. Sellers often advertise their wares in newspapers, on the radio or TV, on posters etc. Sellers use a variety of tactics to induce buyers to purchase from them at a price which leaves some profit.

Shopping is a part of our daily life. And we have to deal with it whether we like it or not. There are people who hate going shopping. So they make a list of what they need and run through stores buying the needed things. Sometimes they even don't care about the price. And there are people who go from store to store looking for goods of better quality and lower price. Those don't worry about the time they spend shopping.

But there is a very good service called Postal Market. It really helps you to save your time and get goods of high quality. You just have to look through a catalogue, choose the things you like, order them and wait a little to get them.

Text 9. Sport

The fitness boom of the past decades led to a big rise in the numbers of people participating in sports and activities. Those who pursue the latest fitness fashion are convinced that staying in good physical form requires much more than regular exercise and balanced meals. For anyone who really wants to be healthy,

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fitness has become an integral part of their lives. A lot of health and fitness club, and public leisure centers indicate the popularity of sports during the past thirty years. There are many opportunities for keeping fit. First of all it's necessary to do exercises. Running, jumping, swimming, bending and stretching are among the most popular exercises. Many people prefer jogging, which is the cheapest and the most accessible sport. Popular running competitions are now held everywhere. The big city marathons have become sporting events. A healthy body becomes a fashion, an ideal of the modern life. Many sports activities have become part of daily Russian life. Football has always been the most popular sport among boys. Playing football is healthy, football also bring people close because in order to win people have to work as a team. The best way to avoid depression caused by the city life is doing exercises. Taking exercise is only one part of keeping fit. It's important to get slim. Some people eat nothing but fruit for several days. But it won't be of any use without proper exercises. Besides to avoid serious disease one should give up smoking. Smoking should be banned in all public places.

As for me, I'm interested in different kinds of sport. At school we have physical training lesson twice a week. I like to ski in winter. Sometimes the whole family goes skiing at the weekend. In summer I like to swim. I also do some cycling. I'm very fond of hockey. I try to watch every hockey match on TV.

Sport in Our Life

People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport makes people healthy, keeps them fit, more organized and better disciplined. It unitеs people of different classes and nationalities.

Many people do sports on their personal initiative. They go in for skiing, skating, table tennis, swimming, volleyball, football, bodybuilding, etc. All necessary facilities are provided for them: stadiums, sport grounds, swimming pools, skating rinks, skiing stations, football fields. Sport is paid much attention to in our educational establishments. Gymnastics is a part of children's daily activity in the kindergartens. Physical culture is a compulsory subject at schools and colleges.

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Professional sport is also paid much attention to in our country. There are different sporting societies clubs and complexes. The most famous of them are the Olympic complexes "Luzhniki", "Dynamo" stadium, etc. They are used for international and world competitions.

Practically all kinds of sports are popular in our country but football; gymnastics and tennis enjoy the greatest popularity.

As for me, I go in for swimming. It needs mobility, liveliness and much energy. It keeps a person in a good form. I have been swimming for a 5 years. I get a real joy taking part in competitions or a simply swimming with my friends. Certainly, it`s a great distance between my manner of swimming and such favorites as Popov, but I do my training with great pleasure and hope to swim well as our best swimmers do.

Text 10. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The United Kingdom is situated in the north-west coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the north-west and the North Sea on the east. The U. K. includes Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Great Britain, the largest island in Europe, contains England, Scotland and Wales. The United Kingdom has an area of 244,000 square kilometres (94,249 square miles). The capital of the country is London. English is the official language.

The population of the U. K. is nearly 60 million people. The population lives mostly in towns and cities and their suburbs. Four out of every five people live in towns. Over 46 million people live in England. Over 3 million - in Wales. A little over 5 million - in Scotland. About 1.5 millionin Northern Ireland. London's population is over 7 million people. The British nation consists of the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish. There are many people of all colours and races in the United Kingdom.

The climate of Great Britain is mild. It is not too hot in summer or too cold in winter. It often rains in England. Rain falls in summer and in winter, in autumn and in spring. Snow falls only in the north and west of the country. The surface of England and Ireland is flat, but Scotland and Wales are mountainous. Many parts

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