English for post-graduate students. Entrance exam. Учебное пособие
.pdfThat's it (все) as far as this article is concerned.
4.2Examples of the newspaper articles
Read the articles given below, get the main ideas and write the renderings of those articles using the clichés and the plan. The example of the article rendering is given in Appendix (Приложение Ж).
Text 1
Parental separation and adult psychological distress: an investigation of material and relational mechanisms
Abstract
23 March 2014
BMC Public Health
Divorce rates have increased rapidly in Great Britain, like other Western countries, over recent decades and are known to be a risk factor for poorer child and adult outcomes. Psychological distress is one frequently-investigated adult outcome; children who experience parental separation (in this paper defined as the breakdown in partnership between parents regardless of marital status) are more likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety in adulthood. However relatively little is known about how parental separation contributes to poorer psychological distress and how these mechanisms might differ for men and women.
This study distinguishes two main mechanisms linking parental separation to psychological distress in adulthood: material and relational. Divorce and separation are known to result in a decline in living standards. Where the child’s custodial family is headed by a single mother there is a particular risk of material disadvantage during adolescence. This may be because of the costs of running two households, legal fees, reliance on benefits, a single-parent income, and the reduced earning power of women due to increase time in domestic work or unequal pay in the workplace. Also parental separation has been linked to reduced educational attainment in many studies. This may be due to lower parental support, lack of understanding or support from schools, and the financial need for children
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to work rather than remain in education. Educational attainment may be an important means through which material disadvantage persists across the life course; children who are more materially disadvantaged in childhood are known to have lower educational attainment, which in turn increases the chances they will remain materially disadvantaged as an adult. In turn both material disadvantage in adulthood and educational attainment are associated with psychological distress.
It is therefore possible that material pathways are involved in mediating the association between parental separation and psychological distress. Ross and Mirowsky found the association between parental separation and adult depression was partially mediated by education, as well as occupational status and economic hardship. Additionally Amato found that the association between parental absence due to divorce and adult depression was partially explained upon adjustment for educational attainment. However many studies are cross-sectional and prone to misreporting of childhood exposures. Also many studies employ simple regression methods which do not allow for the explicit modelling of mechanisms across the life course [14].
Text 2
Three Russian Universities Make Top 100 in World Rankings
The Moscow Times
May. 05 2016 15:36
Last edited 15:36
Three Russian universities have made the top 100 in this year's Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings, published Wednesday.
Previously, only Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University had featured in the top 100 list, compiled each year by British newspaper The Times. They were joined this year for the first time by the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MFTI).
Both Moscow State University (MGU) and St. Petersburg State University (SPGU) saw their ratings slide in 2016.
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MGU fell from 25th place to 30th place, while SPGU found themselves within the 81-90 group, down from their position in the 71-81 band last year. MFTI was placed in the 91-100 band.
U.S University Harvard topped the table for the second year in a row, followed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford University in second and third place. Fourth and fifth places were given to the British universities Cambridge and Oxford.
In 2013, Russia implemented the «5-100 project» aimed at improving the competitiveness of leading Russian universities on the world stage. Russian President Vladimir Putin set the ambitious goal of having at least five universities among the 100 best higher education institutions in the world by 2020.
Rector of MFTI Nikolai Kudryavtsev credited the «5-100 project» for the university's first appearance on the list, the Interfax news agency reported [24].
Text 3
Russia Takes Victory Day Parade to Crimea
The Moscow Times
May. 09 2016 15:23
More than 1,300 servicemen and 30 military vehicles took part in the Victory Day parade in the Crimean port of Sevastopol, Russian state news agency Interfax reported.
The parade included S-300 anti-aircraft missile systems and other hardware, namely Russia's newest armored vehicles, Interfax reported Monday.
World War II veterans also marched through Sevastopol's central streets. A similar parade took place in the Crimean city of Kerch.
According to Sevastopol's local news website, thousands of people from Crimea and Ukraine gathered to watch maritime maneuvers in Sevastopol Bay, the city's harbor. They were reportedly able to take boat rides to observe the ships and a Russian submarine, docked in the area, up close.
Russian ships lined up in Sevastopol Bay as part of the parade festivities. According to Interfax, tens of thousands of onlookers gathered for the event, with Vice Admiral Alexander Vitko, commander of the Russian Black Sea Fleet,
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directing the ceremony. Vitko said that the Black Sea Fleet made a worthwhile contribution to victory over the Nazis, state news agency TASS reported.
Russia annexed the Crimean Peninsula from Ukraine in 2014 following a controversial referendum. Neither Western countries nor Ukraine officially recognize the peninsula as part of Russia. In late April, Kiev issued an arrest warrant for Alexander Vitko [25].
5 Подготовленное устное высказывание по предложенной теме
На вступительном экзамене поступающим необходимо высказаться на одну из предложенных тем (см. раздел 1. Требования к вступительному экзамену по английскому языку). Ознакомьтесь с образцом высказывания по теме «About myself», представленным ниже. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы. Примерные тексты по устным темам вступительного экзамена приведены в приложении А. Данный материал облегчит составление устного высказывания при подготовке к экзамену.
About myself
Let me introduce myself to you. My name is Nickolay Ivanovich Petrov, but my parents, friends and relatives call me Nick. I was born in the city of Krasnodar where I live now together with my parents.
Last year I graduated from the University with distinction. When I went to school, I felt a call for History, that's why I decided to obtain higher education in this field of learning. Here I should say that it was my lucky chance to study for 5 years at the faculty of History where I developed a habit of research and creative work. And here I got a proper training in many subjects. I usually did a lot of reading at home and it helped me to get through the state exams with credit. At present I'd like to continue doing research in my special field and to take up a postgraduate course. For me there's nothing like working under the direct supervision of experienced specialists highly competent in the subject, who provide the students with proper encouragement and impart precious knowledge to them.
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When I was a third-year student, my term-paper was a success and I was invited to join the scientific society the leaders of which had already won the international recognition and now are trying to foster love for research work and creative quests in young people.
To tell the truth, I'm a work-hard, play hard-kind of guy, which means I successfully combine study with leisure. I haven't got any special hobby, but I'm fond of reading books. They give me more knowledge and broaden my outlook. Besides, books contribute greatly to my own education. I believe the time spent on a good book is never wasted. The historical novel is my favourite literary genre.
Sometimes I play different sport games to keep fit and derive pleasure. My hobbies help me to relax, so that after weekends I'm ready to get down to my studies.
Finally, I hope to continue my research and make an efficient chemist.
● Answer the following questions:
1 What is your native town?
2 Did you find it difficult to study at the University? 3 What subjects were you good at school?
4 How did it influence your future studies?
5 What was your usual way of preparing for classes?
6 You believe that it's on the part of the supervisors to guide our creative work and research, don't you?
7 How did you manage your time and how did it affect your work? 8 What do you hope to do in future?
● Learn the following words and phrases: to introduce oneself – представляться
to graduate from the University with distinction - окончить университет с отличием
field of learning - область знаний
post-graduate course - аспирантура, курсы усовершенствования to be in the habit of doing smth. - иметь привычку что-либо делать to obtain higher education - получить высшее образование
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to impart knowledge (to) - передавать знания to do reading - готовиться к занятиям
to develop/gain a habit of research and creative work - выработать навыки исследовательской и творческой работы
to feel a call for History - иметь склонность к истории
to get through state exams - сдать государственные экзамены
to research in the chosen area - проводить исследования по избранной специальности
to make the best of one's abilities - найти наилучшее применение своим способностям
to have the subject at one's fingers' ends - отлично знать свой предмет to collect and process data - собирать и обрабатывать данные
an able student - способный студент
6 Беседа по теме научного исследования соискателя
Беседа на английском языке по теме научного исследования соискателя представляет собой один из аспектов вступительного экзамена (см. раздел 1.
Требования к вступительному экзамену по английскому языку). В устном высказывании такого рода соискателю необходимо представить краткую информацию о себе, своем научном руководителе, основное научное направление работы, а также обязательно быть готовым ответить на вопросы экзаменатора.
Приводим примерный перечень вопросов экзаменаторов по теме научного исследования соискателя.
Would you introduce yourself?
What is your full name? What is your surname?
Are you a graduate student or a doctoral candidate?
Do you study full-time or part-time?
What department and chair will you take the post-graduate course at?
Who is your research advisor? Who will supervise your studies and your research?
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What university or institution of higher education did you graduate from? When did you graduate? Did you take some other course of studies after that? What could you say about the university / college? What did it give you? What educational facilities could you use? What courses does it offer now? What course(s) did you take? How did you do at university?
What subjects were you particularly good at? What was your major? What made you chose this subject field?
What degree/ diploma/ certificate did you receive?
Did you receive some practical experience in the area?
What problems were of special interest to you?
Where did you take your work placement, if any?
Did/do you have any job as a professional?
How did it come about that you decided to undertake your scientific research?
What prompted you taking it up? Has it any bearing on your master’s degree studies?
What is the theme of your research? What is its title?
What is the subject of your present study? What do you actually investigate? What objectives are you planning to attain?
What results do you expect to obtain?
Are there any specific difficulties in your study?
What is the most challenging problem for you?
Is your study more of a theoretical or of a practical significance? Is the theme widely treated in literature?
Are you familiar with international literature on these problems?
Are there any scientists who are considered unquestioned authority in this field? What is your opinion of the electronic means of communication?
Is your research work relevant/of real significance today?
What grounds have you got to think so?
Have you got any published papers yet? When and where were they published? Did you contribute to any scientific conferences? Did you make a report?
What are your plans for the future? What is your attitude to university teaching?
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Are there any opportunities of making a career for yourself in your home country? How do you assess the prospects of scientific and technological development in Russia?
Are you a native of Orenburg?
How long have you lived in Orenburg?
Where do you come from? Why did you move to Orenburg?
Do you find it a nice place to live?
Where would you like to live if you were to make your choice? Could you say a few words about your native place?
Could you describe your neighbourhood?
Are you single/married? Have you got a child?
Do you live together with your parents?
What does your wife/husband do? What is he/she by profession?
What do you do for a living? Do you have a job? Do you consider changing the job?
What is your current post/position? What are you busy with now at your workplace?
How are you getting along with your colleagues?
What about your immediate superior? What is he/she like?
What are your likes and dislikes?
What do you enjoy doing in your free time? Have you got a hobby?
При подготовке к беседе по теме научного исследования рекомендуем внимательно изучить материал Приложения Е и выполнить следующие практические задания:
►Answer the following questions about your research
1)Do you work at your thesis? 2) Who is your scientific adviser? 3) How does your supervisor follow your work? 4) What is the subject of your thesis? 5) When and why did you get interested in the problem? 6) What is the purpose of your paper? 7) What is of particular interest in your work? 8) What are you going to prove in the course of your research?
►Translate into English
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1) Моя диссертация посвящена важным современным проблемам личностного взаимодействия. 2) Изучаемые вопросы представляют большой интерес не только для историков, но и для психологов. 3) Диссертация будет состоять из трех глав. 4) Первая глава является вводной. 5) В этой главе я анализирую теории, выдвинутые ведущими специалистами по данному вопросу. 6) Во второй главе планируется описать результаты исследования,
которые я провел. 7) Последняя глава будет посвящена вопросам, связанным с практическим применением результатов моего исследования.
Тексты, представленные в Приложениях Ж, И, а также практические задания к ним помогут экзаменуемому успешно подготовиться к последнему этапу испытания.
Список использованных источников
1 Английский язык для аспирантов: учебное пособие / Т.С. Бочкарева,
Е.В. Дмитриева, Н.В. Иноземцева, Т.В. Минакова, Н.С. Сахарова, В.Л.
Темкина; Оренбургский гос. ун-т. – Оренбург: ОГУ, 2017. – 107с.
2 Абелева, И. Ю. Механизмы коммуникативной речи: учебно-
монографическое пособие / И.Ю. Абелева; под ред. В.И. Селиверстов. - М.:
Парадигма, 2012. - 288 с. - (Специальная коррекционная педагогика). - ISBN 978-5-4214-0012-7; То же [Электронный ресурс]. - URL: http://biblioclub.ru/index.php?page=book&id=210524.
3 Кожаева, М.Г. Грамматика английского языка в таблицах: учебное пособие [Электронный ресурс] / М.Г. Кожаева. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2010. – 120с.- ISBN 978-5-9765-0776-0 (Флинта), ISBN 978-5-02-034647-5 (Наука). -
Режим доступа: http://www.biblioclub.ru/.
4 Спасибухова, А. Н. Деловой английский язык: учебное пособие для студентов, обучающихся по программам высшего профессионального образования для гуманитарных и социально-экономических направлений подготовки / А. Н. Спасибухова, И. Н. Раптанова, К. В. Буркеева; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. образоват.
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учреждение высш. проф. образования "Оренбург. гос. ун-т". - Оренбург:
ОГУ, 2013. - 163 с. - Библиогр.: с. 80. - Прил.: с. 81-163. - ISBN 978-5-4417- 0319-2. Издание на др. носителе [Электронный ресурс].
5 Турлова, Е. В. Rendering and summary writing: учебное пособие для студентов, обучающихся по программам высшего профессионального образования по направлениям подготовки 032700.62 Филология / Е. В.
Турлова; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет.
образоват. учреждение высш. проф. образования "Оренбург. гос. ун-т". -
Оренбург: ОГИМ, 2014. - 112 c. - Библиогр.: с. 112. - ISBN 978-5-9723-0156-0.
Издание на др. носителе [Электронный ресурс].
6 Hosking, G. A History of the Soviet Union by London. 1992.- P. 57-58. 7 Russell, B. The limits of philosophical knowledge. Chapter XIV: The
Problems of Philosophy. - Режим доступа:
http://philosophy.lander.edu/intro/russell.shtml
8 Ramsden, P. Learning to Teach in Higher Education. - Taylor & Francis, 2002. – 304p.
9 The Weird World of Victorian Etiquette. -
Режим доступа: https://hubpages.com/education/The-Weird-World-of-Etiquette- Bad-Manners
10Self-Actualisation -The Maslow theory. - Режим доступа: https://hubpages.com/education/-S elf-Actualisation--The-Maslow-theory
11What Is Philosophy? - Режим доступа: http://philosophy.lander.edu/intro/russell.shtml
12How Do Psychologists Study the Mind? - Режим доступа: http://studyenglish.info/psychology001.php
13What Is Psychology. - Режим доступа: http://studyenglish.info/psychology001.php
14Parental separation and adult psychological distress: an investigation of material and relational mechanisms. -
Режим доступа: http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-
2458-14-272
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