Управление качеством в пищевой промышленности. Учебно-методическое пособие по выполнению практических работ
.pdfɈȺɈ ©ɋɄɄª ɢɦɟɟɬ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɥɢɞɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɂɉ ©Ȼɢɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬª ɢ ɈɈɈ ©Ʉɚɤɚɨɲɢɤª ɞɨɥɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ± ©'ROOLª
Ɂɚɤɭɩɤɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɝ ɋɚɦɚɪɚ ɢ ɝ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɰɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɝɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɥɨɹɥɶɧɵɟ ȼɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɈȺɈ ©ɋɄɄª ɩɨɤɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɭ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɟɟ ɫɚɦɚ Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɵɪɶɟ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɜɚɥɸɬ
ɈȺɈ ©ɋɄɄª ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɢ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɤɢɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɤɰɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ
ȼɧɟɲɧɹɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ʉɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ ɜɪɚɰɢɨɧɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧȾɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ
9 ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
9 ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɚ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
9 ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɭɪ
9 ɛɪɟɧɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ± ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ
ɋ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɟɫɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɚɬɸɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɟɫɚ ɤɨɪɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜɟɫɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɬ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ
Ɍɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɸɬɫɹ ȼ ɩɪɨɲɥɵɟ
ɝɨɞɵ ɪɨɫɬ ɛɵɥ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ɋɨɫɫɬɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɊɎ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ Ʉɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ Ɋɨɬ Ɏɪɨɧɬ Ʉɨɧɰɟɪɧ Ȼɚɛɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
21
Ⱦɨɥɹ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɦɛɚɪɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ± ɨɤɨɥɨ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɫɚɯɚɪɢɫɬɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɬɵ ɤɚɪɚɦɟɥɶ ɢɪɢɫ ɢ ɞɪɚɠɟ ± Ƚɪɟɰɢɹ ɑɢɥɢ Ʉɢɬɚɣ
ɋɟɡɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɪɵɧɤɚ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɚ ©Ʉɪɚɫɧɵɣ Ɉɤɬɹɛɪɶª ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɬɶ ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɢɫɤɚɦ ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɈȺɈ ©ɋɄɄª ©ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪª ɞɨɥɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɚ ©ɋɥɚɞɤɨɞɚɪɨɜª ©Ʉɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜª ©ɋɥɚɞɨɫɬɢ ɉɨɜɨɥɠɶɹª ɨɤɨɥɨ
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ
1.ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ, ɜɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ
2.Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ.
3.ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɈȺɈ «ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ».
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ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɯɨɠɟɫɬɶ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɛɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ Ɉɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ«ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ»ɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɫ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɜɤɭɫ ɡɚɩɚɯ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɰɜɟɬ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ± ɷɬɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɨɝɨɢɥɢɢɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɋɜɟɠɟɫɬɶ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ ɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɦɹɫɚ ɩɪɨɝɨɪɤɥɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɢɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɱɺɪɫɬɜɵɣ ɯɥɟɛ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɟ ɞɟɲɟɜɢɡɧɟ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɬ ɟ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɭɞɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦ ȼ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɚɯɢ ɲɭɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɛɢɧɚɯ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɤɚɛɢɧɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɬɨɪɚ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ± ɷɬɨ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɛɟɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɋɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬ ɪɢɫɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɦ
23
ɂɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣɜɢɞɮɨɪɦɚ ɰɜɟɬ ɛɥɟɫɤ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ
-ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɹɡɚɧɢɹɢɥɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
-ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɨɧɹɧɢɟɦ (ɡɚɩɚɯ ɚɪɨɦɚɬ ɛɭɤɟɬ -ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɬɚ (ɜɤɭɫ ɫɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɮɥɟɣɜɨɪ ɧɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɩɤɨɫɬɶ
ɤɪɨɲɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ 4$4& TXDOLW\DVVXUDQFH TXDOLW\FRQWURO ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ 5 ' UHVHDUFK GHYHORSPHQW
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
Ɉɬɞɟɥɵ ɩɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
24
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɬ ɟ ɫ ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜ ɪɭɬɢɧɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɱɟɬɤɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵ ɢ ɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɱɟɦ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ ɢɯ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵ ɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɣ ɬ ɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɬɨɪɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ
Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɹ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɹ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɚɹ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɹ
Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɵɟ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɢ
Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɹ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɹ
ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɹ ȼɫɟ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɥɚɯ Ɉɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ
ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɚ
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ
ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɧɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɪɟɨɥɚ
25
ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɜɧɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ
Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ȼɫɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ
ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɪɢɫ ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ ɢ ɤɚɤɨɜɚ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɬɢɩɚɬɢɢ Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵ ɫ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
26
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
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Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɫ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɫ |
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Ɉɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ |
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ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɫɬɢ |
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ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ |
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ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ |
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ɦɟɬɨɞɵ |
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ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɚɥ |
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ɲɤɚɥ ɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ |
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ɉɚɪɧɵɣ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ |
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ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ |
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ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
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Ɋɚɧɝɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ |
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ɉɪɨɫɬɨɣ |
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Ɋɚɧɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞ |
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ɨɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
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ɦɟɬɨɞ |
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ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ |
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ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ |
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Ɋɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ |
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ɨɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
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ɋɤɨɪɢɧɝ ɦɟɬɨɞ |
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ɦɟɬɨɞ |
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Ɏɨɤɭɫ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ |
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Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞ |
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ɦɟɬɨɞɵ |
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ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ |
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ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɚɪɧɨɝɨ |
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ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ |
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Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞ |
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ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞ ©ɞɭɨ ɬɪɢɨª |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɞɜɚ ɢɡ ɩɹɬɢ |
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Ɇɟɬɨɞ ©Ⱥ ɧɟ Ⱥª |
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ɊɢɫɭɧɨɤɄɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
27
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɯɨɠ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɲɤɚɥɭ
ɉɨɯɨɠɢ |
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ɇɟ ɩɨɯɨɠɢ |
Ʉɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ |
BBBBBBB |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ |
BBBBBBB |
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ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɪɟɲɢɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɧɟ ɩɨɯɨɠ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɪɭɠɤɨɦ |
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ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɧɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ |
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Ʉɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ |
BBBBBBB |
BBBBBBB |
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ɐɜɟɬ |
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ɐɜɟɬ |
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ɐɜɟɬ |
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Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬ |
Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬ |
Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬ |
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Ɏɥɟɣɜɨɪ |
Ɏɥɟɣɜɨɪ |
Ɏɥɟɣɜɨɪ |
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ɉɨɫɥɟɜɤɭɫɢɟ ɉɨɫɥɟɜɤɭɫɢɟ ɉɨɫɥɟɜɤɭɫɢɟ |
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Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ |
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ |
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ |
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Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɫɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɜɟɬɚ
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ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ |
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ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ |
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Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ |
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ |
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ |
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɟɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ
28
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋɁɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
Ⱦɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ
Ⱦɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɹ ʋ 1
ɎɂɈ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɬɨɪɚ BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
Ⱦɚɬɚ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɢ BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɢ BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ |
Ʉɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ |
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɐɜɟɬ Ȼɥɟɫɤ
ɉɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ Ɂɚɩɚɯ ɚɪɨɦɚɬ ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ȼɤɭɫ ɢ Ʉɢɫɥɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɤɭɫɢɟ ɋɥɚɞɨɫɬɶ
ɉɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɜɤɭɫɚ
Ƚɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɉɨɫɥɟɜɤɭɫɢɟ
Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɲɤɚɥɚ± ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ
± ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬ
± ɧɟɩɥɨɯɨ ɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ
± ɩɥɨɯɨ ɦɧɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ
± ɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɟ
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɛɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ
ɛɚɥɥɨɜɨɣ ɲɤɚɥɵ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋ ɉɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɯɚɪɢɤɨɜ
ȽɈɋɌ Ɋ
ɂɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɯɥɟɛɨɛɭɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɭɯɚɪɧɵɟ Ɉɛɳɢɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ
Ɏɨɪɦɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ |
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ |
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ |
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ |
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ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɐɜɟɬ |
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ȼɤɭɫ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɯ |
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ɏɪɭɩɤɨɫɬɶ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ |
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Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɫɭɯɚɪɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɨ ɬɢ ɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɒɤɚɥɚ ɛɚɥɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɧɟɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɒɤɚɥɚ ɛɚɥɥɨɜɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ |
Ȼɚɥɥɵ |
Ʉɨɥ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɯɥɟɛɚ |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ |
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ɜɟɫɨɦɨɫɬɢ |
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ɐɜɟɬ |
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Ɉɬ ɬɟɦɧɨ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɨɣ ɞɨ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɣ |
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ɛɚɥɥɚ ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ |
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Ɂɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɹ |
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ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ |
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ɋɜɟɬɥɨ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɦɧɨ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɹ |
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ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ |
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ɀɟɥɬɚɹ ɛɚɥɥɚ ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ |
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Ȼɥɟɞɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɟɥɚɹ ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ |
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Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬ |
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ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ |
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ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ |
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ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ |
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ɋɥɚɛɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ |
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ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ |
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ɇɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɣ |
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ɋɢɥɶɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɣ ɝɨɪɶɤɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ |
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ȼɤɭɫ |
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ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ |
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ɜɢɞɭ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ |
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ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ |
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ɋɥɚɛɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ |
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ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ |
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ɉɪɟɫɧɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɥɟɝɤɚ ɤɢɫɥɵɣ ɧɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ |
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ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɫɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɤɢɫɥɵɣ |
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ɩɟɪɟɫɨɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ |
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