Food and Its Соnstituents. Пища и её влияние на организм человека. Учебное пособие

8.We like our flat very ………..…………………………………… .

9.Did you take ………..…. photographs when you were on holiday?

10.Most of the town is modern. There are ………..…. old buildings.

III.HEALTH DISORDERS RELATED TO UNWISE FOOD CHOICE

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I. ,

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result [ri'zAlt], pump [pAlp], coronary arteries ['kOrqnqri 'Rtqriz],

thrombus ['TrOmbqs], thrombosis [TrOm'bqusis], myocardial infarction

["maiqu'kRdiql in'fRkfqn], liver ['livq], circulate ['sWkjqleit], antioxidants

["enti'Oksidqnts], carotene['kxrqtin]

II. , ,

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wise (! &') – unwise, choose (& ") – choice, to block

(") – blockage ['blOkiG], cause ( ) – to cause, to die ( ") – dead, death, to saturate(& ") – saturated fatty acids, strong (&') – strength, to strengthen

III. .

TEXT A. HEART DISEASES

It’s unfortunate that many people suffer from health disorders that are the result of overeating in food or unwise choice of diet. An unbalanced diet, e.g. containing too much fat or sugar, can result in a variety of nutritional disorders, including: heart diseases, obesity, eating disorders, tooth decay and gum disease.

To work normally, the heart muscle needs a supply of oxygen from blood in the coronary arteries so that it can pump blood through vessels to all parts of the body.

If one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked with fatty deposits, the blood carrying oxygen cannot reach the heart. This is

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called angina.

If there is a sudden and complete blockage in the arteries, caused by a blood clot (thrombus), no blood gets through, and a person suffers a heart attack. Doctors call a heart attack a coronary thrombosis (because of the blood clot) or a myocardial infarction (which means death of the heart muscle).

Choice of food and heart diseases

Researches have shown that our diet, especially the amount and type of fat we eat, can increase the risk of coronary heart diseases. Foods that are rich in saturated fatty acids may raise the level of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is found in some foods, and is also made in the body by the liver, mainly from saturated fatty acids in food. If cholesterol is oxidized (combines with oxygen circulating in the blood), it can be deposited in the linings of the coronary arteries, which start to become blocked.

Antioxidants which are naturally found in foods, especially vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene, and selenium help to stop cholesterol combining with oxygen.

To prevent heart disease people should:

1.eat various foods, fruit, vegetables, and salads.

2.eat less high-fat and sweet food.

3.take exercise and be active as this strengthens the heart.

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1.Any living organism is made up of cells.

2.The viscosity of a liquid decreases as the temperature rises.

3.A. S. Popov has been respected and admired by everybody for his great invention.

4.Have you ever had a food poisoning.

5.The discovery of radium was followed by a number of important

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inventions.

6.The professor gave his postgraduate student a very useful report.

7.The problem may be approached from different standpoints.

8.You should lower the voltage in the circuit.

9.The greenhouse was being constructed during the winter.

10.To serve the flavour of food the cook was lowering the heat.

11.Water loss will be replaced from the soil through the roots.

12.In a pressure cooker of an automatic type an alarm will let you know that the heat should be turned off.

13.The formation of coal had been affected by time and depth of occurrence.

14.We had weighed the substance before it was dissolved in the liquid.

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hormonal [hL'mqunql], major ['meiGq], varicose veins ['vxrikqus 'veins],

diabetes ["daiq'bitiz], restore [ri'stL], kcal ["kilqu'kxlqri], alcohol ['xlkqhOl]

II. , ,

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obese [qu'bJs] (" ! + ' $ ) – obesity; cause ( )

– to cause; desire [di'zaiq] ($ ) – desirable, undesirable; to weigh (") – weight, overweight, to lose weight; diet – dietician

["daiq'tiSqn]; to release (") – releasing; high (& ') –

height [hait]; various ['vFqriqs] (&') – variety [vq'raiqti]

III. .

TEXT B. OBESITY

Obesity is a very common nutritional disorder. It can be caused by hormonal disorders, but the major cause is eating more

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food than the body needs. The excess is stored as fat in the body. Years ago, it was considered desirable to be overweight,

because it indicated that a person was wealthy and could afford to live richly. This idea has now changed, and obesity is known to be undesirable and unhealthy because obese people are more prone to heart diseases, chest infections, varicose veins, hernias, high blood pressure, diabetes and gall stones.

Many people feel that they need to lose weight and take actions to do so. However some people who try to lose weight are not obese and even overweight. Girls and women in particular may feel under pressure to correspond to the “ideal” body image they see in magazines and on television.

A person who is trying to lose weight should consult a dietician. Will-power, determination, and an understanding of how food affects the body are needed.

The most effective and healthy way to reduce weight is to take less energy from food than the body needs every day. The body then restores the difference by releasing the energy it has stored in fat. Gradually the stores of fat are reduced.

Depending on the weight, height, and age of the person, a diet providing 1000 – 1500 kcal per day is usually recommended. The weight-reducing diet should include a good variety of foods with plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables, and wholegrain cereals, and very little fatty or sugary food. High-protein foods and alcohol should also be restricted. Very low calorie diets often lead to loss of muscle instead of fat.

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I. .

1.Once food has been harvested it starts to deteriorate until it becomes unfit for consumption.

2.Food spoilage is caused by natural decay and micro-organisms.

3.Foods that spoil rapidly are known as perishable foods.

4.Micro-organisms which cause food poisoning are called pathogenic.

5.Different species of bacteria can be classified according to their

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shape.

6.Moulds are tiny types, which are just visible to the naked eye.

7.Radium was discovered by the Curies in 1898.

8.No electric charges have been observed of smaller magnitude than the charges of proton or electron.

9.The meat is being fried.

10.Harmful micro-organisms will be destroyed by prolonged heating.

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1.If some foods, e.g. apples are cut, the damaged surface will turn brown.

2.Bacteria can be founded in many places, including air, water, soil, food.

3.Some bacteria are destroyed at around 60 .

4.The question of further development of agriculture was given much attention.

5.If eggs are stored under room temperature, carbon dioxide and water are vaporized through the pores in the shell.

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anorexia ["xnq'reksiq], bulimia [bjH'limiq], patient ['peiSqmt], serious

['siqriqs], alternated [Ll'tWnqtid], potassium [pq'txsiqm], chlorine ['klLrJn], dental problems, leader –lead (led – led)

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to relate (" ") – relations, relatives; can, to be able to ( )

– unable, inability; to be sick (" ) ") – to make sick; private

['praivit] (&', " &') – in private; to treat (") - treatment

III. .

TEXT C. EATING DISORDERS

Eating disorders have been widely researched since the beginning of the 1980s. Most attention was paid to anorexia and bulimia. These disorders have a lot in common, and a person may show symptoms of both.

Causes of eating disorders

There is no single cause of eating disorders. Many factors may lead to them, including:

emotional shock or grief

unhappy relations within the family unhappiness about body size and shape

Anorexia

This disorder affects mainly teenage girls and young women, and seldom boys and young men. Some patients with anorexia starve themselves to death.

A person with anorexia refuses to eat enough, he believes and sees his body to be much bigger than it really is, has a great fear of becoming fat, has serious heart problems and constipation. In females it leads to infertility (being unable to have children).

Patients with anorexia control their weight in one of two ways:

1.Eating very little, often no more then 200-300 kcal.

2.Eating food in various amount and then getting it out of their body, either by making themselves vomit (being sick) or by taking

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