2. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What type of ship does Mike sail on? 2. What are her main dimensions? 3. What is her speed? 4. What is there on the upper deck? 5. How is the wheel house equipped? 6. How can the engines be controlled? 7. When is the automatic steering device used? 8. What is the fire alarm system intended for? 9. What modern conveniences has the ship? 10. Are there any conveniences on this ship? 11. How many holds has the ship? 12. How are they opened and closed? 13. What can you say about this ship from the navigation point of view?

III. Задайте партнёру следующие вопросы:

1. What is	тип вашего судна? мощность двигателя? расход топлива? максимальная скорость? вместимость трюмов? водоизмещение? высота борта? расчетная ширина судна? максимальная длина судна? орудие лова?
2. What are	основные параметры вашего судна? рабочие характеристики главного двигателя? современные требования судостроения? размеры морозильного трюма? эффективные орудия лова?

3. What type of	главного двигателя вспомогательного двигателя парового котла орудий лова морозильной установки	is installed/used in your ship?
4. What is	эта труба паровой котел эта установка морозильный трюм масляный насос	used for?
5. How is	двигатель котел пропульсивная установка генератор траловая лебедка	started? controlled? driven? used? stopped?

IV. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

TEXT B

The mystery of “titanic”

Titanic was 883 feet long (1/6 of a mile), 92 feet wide and weighed 46,328 tons. She was 104 feet tall from keel to bridge, almost 35 feet of which were below the waterline. There were three real smoke-stacks; a fourth, dummy stack was added largely to increase the impression of her gargantuan size and power and to vent smoke from her numerous kitchens and galleys. There was a gangway door on the starboard side aft “large enough to drive a horse and cart through.”

Moreover, she was designed to be a marvel of modern safety technology. She had a double-hull of 1-inch thick steel plates and a system of 16 water-tight compartments, sealed by massive doors which could be instantly triggered by a single electric switch on the bridge, or even automatically by electric water-sensors. The press began to call her “unsinkable.”

In 1912, the Titanic hit an iceberg on her first trip across the Atlantic, and she sank four hours later. At that time, the Titanic was the largest ship that had ever traveled on the sea. She was carrying 2207 people, but she had taken on enough lifeboats for only 1178 people. When the passengers tried to leave the ship, only 651 of them were able to get into lifeboats.

The original design called for 32 lifeboats. However, White Star management felt that the boat-deck would look cluttered, and reduced the number to 20, for a total life-boat capacity of 1178. This actually exceeded the regulations of the time, even though Titanic was capable of carrying over 3500 people (passengers and crew).

The journey began at Southampton on Wednesday April 10, 1912 at noon. By sundown, Titanic had stopped in Cherbourg, France to pick up additional passengers. That evening she sailed for Queenstown, Ireland, and at 1:30 PM on Thursday, April 11, she headed out into the Atlantic. The seasoned transatlantic passengers were deeply impressed by the new ship. She was so massive that they barely felt the movement of the sea at all. Her huge, powerful engines produced almost none of the annoying vibration common on other steamers, and their noise was barely perceptible. And she achieved this extraordinary level of comfort while traveling at 22 knots, not the fastest boat on the route, but certainly one of the top five.

Weather was pleasant and clear, and the water temperature was about 55 degrees. The winter of 1912 had been unusually mild, and unprecedented amounts of ice had broken loose from the arctic regions. Titanic was equipped with Marconi’s new wireless telegraph system and her two Marconi operators kept the wireless room running 24 hours a day. On Sunday, April 14, the fifth day at sea, Titanic received five different ice-warnings, but the captain was not overly concerned. The ship steamed ahead at 22 knots, and the line’s Managing Director J. Bruce Ismay relished the idea of arriving in New York a day ahead of schedule.

The Carpathia was 58 miles away when the Titanic called on its radio for help. It arrived two hours after the great ship had gone down, and it saved 705 people. Some of the survivors had been in the icy water for hours when they were saved. Most of the passengers hadn’t lived that long; 1502 people had lost their lives.

Through the whole tragedy, the Californian was only ten miles away. Her officers were close enough to see the Titanic, but they didn’t understand the situation. They never received the Titanic’s call for help, and they didn’t come to the rescue until too late.

Why was there such a great loss of life? Why were there so few survivors? Why didn’t the Californian come to help?

First of all, nobody had prepared for such a tragedy. Nobody had believed that the Titanic could sink. The steamship company had thought that its ship would be completely safe in all situations. They’d followed an old rule for the number of lifeboats, so they’d supplied lifeboats for only half the people. The passengers had not yet received their lifeboat numbers, nor had they practiced lifeboat drill before the accident. Many of them had not even dressed warmly, for the ship had hit the iceberg late at night, and they didn’t believe they were in danger.

The ship had already received six ice warnings on its radio when she struck the iceberg. Nevertheless, she had not changed her direction or her speed. It was impossible to change direction quickly enough when the iceberg came in sight. When the Titanic hit the iceberg, the radio officer on the Californian had just gone to bed. He’d tried to warn the officers on the Titanic about the ice before he’d gone to bed, but the officers hadn’t listened.

On the night of April 14, wireless operator Phillips was very busy sending chatty passenger’s messages to Cape Race, Newfoundland, whence they could be relayed inland to friends and relatives. He received a sixth ice-warning that night, but didn’t realize how close Titanic was to the position of the warning, and put that message under a paperweight at his elbow. It never reached Captain Smith or the officer on the bridge.

By all accounts, the night was uncommonly clear and dark, moonless but faintly blowing with an incredible sky full of stars. The stars were so bright that one officer mistook the planet Jupiter (then rising just above the horizon) for a steamship light.

The sea was, likewise, unusually calm and flat, “like glass” said many survivors. The lack of waves made it even more difficult to spot icebergs, since there was no telltale white water breaking at the edges of the bergs. At 11:40, a lookout in the crow’s nest spotted an iceberg dead ahead. He notified the bridge and First Officer Murdoch ordered the ship turned hard to port. He signaled the engine room to reverse direction, full astern. The ship turned slightly, but it was much too large, moving much too fast, and the iceberg was much too close. 37 seconds later, the greatest maritime disaster in history began. During that night of heroism, terror and tragedy, 705 lives were saved, 1502 lives were lost, and many legends were born.

After this accident, ocean travel changed. Now there are always enough lifeboats for everybody. Ships don’t go so far north in winter, and they watch carefully for ice. Radio officers work 24 hours a day. A tragedy like the sinking of the Titanic should never happen again.