II. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выпишите функции основных частей дизельного двигателя. Basic construction of a diesel engine.

A diesel engine is a machine to produce power. Any diesel engine must have basic parts to compress air, to inject fuel and to produce this power.

The essential parts and the job that each performs are as follows:

1. A piston sliding in a cylinder. The piston has two jobs: first, to compress the air charge, second, to receive the pressure of the gases while they are burning and expanding.

2. A cylinder head which closes the top end of the cylinder so as to make a confined space in which to compress the air and to confine the gases while they are burning and expanding.

3. Valves or ports to admit the air and to discharge the spent or exhaust gases.

4. Connecting rod to transmit force in either direction from the piston to the crank on the crankshaft.

5. Crankshaft and the “main” bearings which support the crankshaft and permit it to rotate.

6. A supporting structure holds the cylinders, crankshaft, the main bearings in firm relation to each other. This structure is usually made up of two parts, called frame and bedplate.

7. Fuel - injection pump to force the oil into the cylinder, also fuel-injection nozzle to break up the oil into a fine spray as it enters the cylinder.

8. Camshaft, driven by the crankshaft, to operate the fuel-injection pump and also to open the valves (in engines which use valves).

9. Flywheel, to store up surplus energy on the power stroke and to return that energy when the piston is being pushed upward on the compression stroke.

10. Governor or throttle, to regulate the amount of fuel supplied at each stroke, and thus control the engine speed and power.

11. Blower, to force air into the cylinder of two-cycle engines.

12. Miscelleneous parts, such as piping to supply air and remove exhaust gases, lubricating system to lubricate the moving parts, water jacket to cool the cylinder.

1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты данных ниже слов и словосочетаний:

Сжимать заряд воздуха, принимать давление газов, ограниченное пространство, удалять отработавшие газы, рамовый подшипник, поддерживающая конструкция, строгое соотношение, нагнетать топливо в цилиндр, струя мелкораспыленного топлива, ведомый, управлять топливным насосом, накапливать избыточную энергию, ход сжатия, регулировать подачу топлива, контролировать мощность двигателя, трубопровод, система смазки, охлаждать цилиндр.

2. Заполните таблицу, вставив в неё названия основных работающих и фиксированных частей двигателя.

Working parts	Fixed parts
1.	1.
2.
3.	2.
4.
5.

3. Напишите функции основных частей двигателя.

Piston	‒ Compresses the air charge and receives the pressure of expanding gases.
Cylinder head	‒
Valves	‒
Connecting rod	‒
Fuel-injection pump	‒
Camshaft	‒
Flywheel	‒
Governor	‒
Water jacket	‒