6 курс / Кардиология / Джон_Кэмм_Болезни_сердца_и_сосудов_2011

•дефибрилляторы были повсеместно размещены в отделениях стационара;

•была изучена практическая целесообразность и эффективность обучения и допуска непрофессиональных спасателей к проведению дефибрилляции.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

В течение последних десятилетий заметно изменилось понимание клинической проблемы ЖТ и ВСС. Когда около 40 лет назад начинались внутрисердечные стимуляционные исследования, никто не мог предсказать прогресс, начавшийся спустя годы. Область экспериментальных и клинических исследований ЖТ и ВСС остается одним из самых идеальных примеров значения выражения "от эксперимента до клинических исследований" и наоборот. Понимание и ведение пациентов с ЖТ и ВСС резко изменились. Важность установки ИКД для первичной профилактики ВСС непрерывно повышается. Несмотря на это, в Европе, США и других развитых странах ВСС представляет важную проблему. Одна из сложностей состоит в распознавании людей, подвергающихся риску развития жизнеугрожающих ЖТ и ВСС.

ДАЛЬНЕЙШИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Достижения фундаментальных и клинических исследований за прошедшие 40 лет привели к огромному увеличению базы знаний относительно патофизиологии ЖТ и ВСС, идентификации пациентов с риском этих событий, разработке вторичных и первичных профилактических методов лечения. Это понимание проблемы ВСС не только среди пациентов с ССЗ, но и среди общей популяции населения привело к лучшим способам обеспечения основной и расширенной поддержки жизнедеятельности сердца при его остановке. Несомненно, вехой в этом отношении стало внедрение в практику АНД.

Длительные экспериментальные и клинические исследования, вероятно, приведут к еще лучшему пониманию молекулярных и генетически детерминированных факторов, предрасполагающих к ВСС. Основываясь на данных патофизиологических заключений, возможно развитие методов для риск-стратификации пациентов, позволяющих спланировать профилактическое лечение пациентам с самым высоким риском развития жизнеугрожающих желудочковых тахиаритмий. Промышленность продолжит играть главную роль в усовершенствовании технологии, особенно относительно установки ИКД. Одна из самых больших проблем - разработка безэлектродных устройств, поскольку сложность использования электродов расценивают как "ахиллесову пяту" в применении ИКД.

Наконец, возможно, самые существенные достижения в борьбе против ВСС будут получены от совершенствования профилактического лечения ИБС. Несомненно, профилактика ВСС у значительного числа людей окажет большое влияние на распространенность внегоспитальной остановки сердца и ВСС. Смысл этих мероприятий можно лучше всего можно выразить цитатой Мишеля Мировски (Michel Mirowski), изобретателя ИКД: "Колдобины на дороге - не ямы, они и есть дорога!".

ON-LINE-ИСТОЧНИКИ ИНФОРМАЦИИ

Список препаратов, удлиняющих интервал Q-T по группам риска. Доступен в центре обучения и исследований по лечению в Аризоне (Arizona CERT: Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics): http://www.qtdrugs.org.

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