Learning to learn in English

Lead-in

1.Nowadays a lot of students combine studies at university with work. For some it isa good wayto earnpocket money, for others it isanopportunity to gain some valuable work experience. What about you? Discuss as a class.

2.Fill in the questionnaire below. In pairs discuss what jobs are suitable for you.

Careers guidance questionnaire

a.Which of these areas would you like to work in?

b. Tick the statements which are true of you:

c. Tick the skills you think you have?

d. What do you expect from the job? Choose five options from the list:

e. Which do you prefer doing: a summer or a part-time job? Why?

Reading

1.Work in groups. Discuss and make a list of the advantages of holiday and part-time jobs for students.

2.Read the text and check your guesses.

Part-time Jobs vs. Holiday Jobs

You’re working your way through university or college, and you need some money… The last thing you want to do is get a job that requires lots of time and will affect your studies.

You know you have to get a student job, but a new dilemma hits you. Do you work during term-time and get a part-time job? Although part-time jobs are popular and fairly easy to come by, there is the possibility that it will affect both your studies and your socializing. There is nothing worse than having to work on a Friday night when all your mates are ready to go out and have some fun.

So, there are problems with part-time jobs – but what are your other options? Holiday jobs could be the answer. You have a few months off over the summer. You’re probably going to be back home, and have fewer things to do. With some full-time work over a few weeks you could save enough money to last you a few extra months when you go back to your college or university. What are the other benefits of holiday jobs?

Holiday Job Benefits

a) Opportunity to get some work experience – if you are with a big company that has permanent vacancies available, they may well ask you to come back after your studies.

b)Opportunity to build up your CV – holiday jobsallow you to show a potential employer that you have had experience, and have gained an understanding of that industry, or have gained some knowledge that may be relevant for your new position.

c)An opportunity for you to try a few different jobs to see what you are most interested in and what career most suits you.

d)Frequentlya full-time holidayjob will pay a weeklyor monthly wage. This could easily work out better than an hourly part-time job rate, so with any job this is worth checking out!

Part-time Job Benefits

a)One of the greatest things about a part-time job is that it doesn’t have to take over your life. Acouple of evening shifts here or there leaves

you plenty of time to do the things you want to do.

b)Part-time jobs frequently involve work where you can earn more than your basic hourly wage. Part-time jobs such as bar work, waitering, etc. in general pay a pretty standard rate. Take into account tips and bonuses (and maybe food and drink) and all of a sudden the pay becomes pretty good! This is something you want to look into before taking any job.

c)Working over the holidays means you have less time for holidays – part-time jobs may take a few hours during your term, but at least you’ll have the whole holidays to do what you want to do.

If you do end up with the dilemma of choosing a part-time job or a holiday job always make sure of a few things. With proper research and a bit of luck anyone canget a job that they will both enjoyand earnreasonable money from.

(Abridged from the site http://www.e4s.co.uk/docs/part-time-jobs.htm)

Comprehension check

1.Match the words in Awith their definitionsin B. Refer back to the text if necessary. Translate them into your native language.

2.Match the verbs in A with the nouns in B. Some verbs can go with more than one noun.

What do you think?

Are you planning to have any part-time or summer job? Will it be related to your specialization? Why?/Why not?

What is the most important thing to keep in mind when choosing a job: your interests and ambitions, your skills and abilities, your preferences or something else?

Focus on language

1.Complete the word web for the word money. Refer back to the text or consult a dictionary if necessary.

save

verbs

money

adjectives reasonable

2.Read the sentence fromthe text. What doesthe verb phrase in bold mean?

If you do end up with the dilemma of choosing a part-time job or a holiday job always make sure of a few things…

f) Don’t worry. I’m sure we’ll find a solution to this problem.

g)He is so upset because if he fails the reexamination he will definitely be excluded from the college.

h)Oh, I’m afraid, I’ve failed to do the task before the deadline.

i)Ifthisdevice stopsworking again I won’t finishdoing myobservations today.

j)I’ve missed so many lectures on this subject through my illness, now

I have to work really hard to keep pace with my fellow students.

Listening

1.Listen to several job advertisements. Take notes on the jobs you hear about.

2.Listen again and complete the chart.

Jobs

Duties

Hours

Salary

Job preferences

Requirements

Get real

Search the Internet for more summer or part-time jobs for students. Find the job you would like to do best of all. Tell the class about it and see how many people would also like to do it. Follow the guidelines below:

 Name of the job

What do you think?

Which advertisement appeals to you most? Why?

What don’t you like about the other jobs?

Would you apply for any of these jobs? Why? Why not?

Focus on language

1.Talk to your partner. Express your opinion of each job by choosing information from columns A, B, and C.

2.Following the models below discuss what kind of people would be best suited for a particular job. Use the words and phrases from the box.

Example:

a)To be a research assistant at the Dolphin Institute you should have energy and patience.

b)Being a research assistant at the Dolphin Institute you have to be energetic and patient.

Speaking

1.You want one of the jobs advertised above. Make notes of the things you want to know about this job. Write your questions here:

_______________________________________________________?

______________________________________________________?

_______________________________________________________?

Writing

Write a letter to a friend about the summer job you’re going to do or a part time job you are doing. The questions below may be of help.

How did you find the job?

How did you apply?

What are your duties and responsibilities?

Which of your personal qualities help you to do the job?

Do you need any special skills and qualifications for the job?

 What do you like most about the job? Are there any problems with it?

In the Realm of Jobs

Many advertisers use abbreviations in their classified advertisements in newspapers for one purpose - to save money. The less space they use, the cheaper the advertisement will be. The following list of abbreviations can be found in the Positions Vacant columns of most newspapers. Remember what they mean.

Unit 1. Progress Monitoring

In this unit you have worked on the vocabulary related to the topic “Job and career

to require special training/ skills/qualifications/ personal qualities

Tick(V) thepoints youareconfidentabout andcross (X) theones youneed to revise.

Lead-in

1.Read the entry of the word ‘intern’ from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary and discuss the questions below.

Intern [……] – n[C] esp. Am a) A student or new graduate who is getting practical experience in a job, for example during the summer holiday

What do you think a job of an intern involves doing?

Do you think it is well or badly paid?

Where would you like to work as an intern?

What valuable practical experience can you get working as an intern?

Reading

1. Read the article and check your guesses about internship.

The experience that is shaping the rest of my life

By Hannah Hoag

Every spring millions of university students look for summer work. Some work in retail, others in the service industry, but those curious about science careers can find themselves redesigning mirrors for the Hubble Space Telescope, developing drugs or testing components of a particle accelerator. Internships exist in all sectors, from academic and research institutions to government laboratories to industry campuses.

A summer internship is a great way to get experience in a variety of settings. Students make valuable contacts, learn about lab culture or alternative careers, and may even get published. Moreover, undergraduates get a chance to try out academia or industry before taking the leap to graduate school.

Undergraduates often use the chance to explore research. Most research vacancies are found in academia or at centres such as the Harvard Stem Cell Institute or the Department of Energy's Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois. These programs are mostly intended for undergraduates in their third and fourth years.

"It tells them whether or not they are interested in doing research in astronomy or astrophysics, or whether they are interested in research at all," says the director of the summer internship program at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Students there may spend their summer analyzing data from X-ray satellites or looking for gas emissions from galactic clusters.

At NASA, summer students can participate in lab work at different research centres across the country. "One of NASA's missions is to inspire the next generation of explorers," says Dave Rosage, director of the NASA Academy and the NASA Robotics Academy at Goddard Space Flight Center, near Washington DC. Undergraduates in the summer research program have a chance to conduct high-risk cutting-edge research.

Interns work on research problems three days a week, with Thursdays and Fridays set aside for lectures, group project work and field trips to other NASA centres.

Abbott Laboratories in Illinois also brings graduates and undergraduates to its campus each summer to identify talented individuals, with the intention of hiring them as full-time employees. “Students leave with meaningful and transferable work experience”, says Christi Lehner, director of college relations.

In addition to research experience, summer internships are full of perks, which students may want to consider when choosing a program. Lunch-and-learn sessions offer students a chance to interact with principle investigators, program directors or vice-presidents.

"You can navigate your way through the organization once you have got through the door as an intern," says Lehner. "It opens up future positions throughout the company."

Most internships provide a window into research culture. At the end of the summer, the majority of students must present the fruits of their labours. It might be a poster for staff and parents or a presentation for board members.

Students often find themselves as co-authors on journal articles. Besides, choosing a supervisor for the final-year thesis is significantly easier when they can go into a meeting and talk about their summer research, list the techniques that they know and give a presentation.

An internship may provide a chance to try out an alternative career. At Jackson Laboratory, science students with an interest in writing can join the lab's publicrelations staff for the summer. “They enjoy communicating and translating science to the general population," says Geiger. All in all, the experience and relationships gained from an internship can bring young scientists closer to achieving their dream jobs.

(Adapted from the http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2006/060126/full/ nj7075-504a.html)

2.Work with a partner. Look back in the text. Find the expressions in bold and work out their meaning from the context. Consult a dictionary if necessary.

3.Look back in the text. Match the verbs in A with their complements in B. Translate the phrases into your native language.

What do you think?

What are the benefits of internship?

What kind of opportunities does it provide?

Doyouagreethatinternshipisequallyimportanttoalluniversitystudents?

Are there any internship programmes available for students in your country? If not, do you think they would be popular with science students? Why?/Why not?

Focus on language

Reported Speech

Reported speech is used to express what others have said. It is also used when you are writing a paper at college level. In this case, it involves paraphrasing and summarizing what different authors have said.

e.g.: Professor Jenkins said: “You have to submit your course work on Friday.” Professor Jenkins said (that) we had to submit our course work on Friday.

e.g.: “You are absolutely right!” – He told me (that) I was absolutely right.

“I saw Professor Jenkins yesterday.” – She said (that) she had seen Professor Jenkins the day before yesterday.

“Students have broken a lot of glassware today!” – The lab assistant complained that students had broken a lot of glassware that day.

e.g. “Look, I can’t go to the party tonight” – She refused to go to the party. “Hello everybody, nice to see you.” – He greeted everybody.

Practice

1.Complete the table to illustrate the basic rules for backshift when transforming direct speech into reported speech.

now

the day before

two days ago

the week before

next year

the next day/the following day

here

that

these

2. Complete the table showing the change of tenses in reported speech.

Simple Present

Present Progressive

Simple Past

Present Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Simple

Past Progressive

Present Perfect Progressive

Past Perfect Progressive

Future (be going to)

Future (will)

3. Look back in the text. Report what people say about internships. Example: You can navigate your way through the organization once

you have got through the door asan intern,” says Christi Lehner You say: Christi Lehner said that one could navigate his or her way

through the organizationonce he/she had got through the door as an intern.

4. Report what the former interns said about their experience.

I am glad I chose this programme because I gained field and lab experience. My mentors, including grad students, really helped me to understand what was going on.

Research at VIMS was a wonderful experience. It was especially helpful in learning about graduate school and helping me decide what I want in a graduate program.

I have more confidence because I’ve always felt as if my grades didn’t reflect my abilities; this project allowed me to excel and now I see that I enjoy this field and can do well in it.

VIMS is a great institution for pursuing a career in marine science. The research experience helped me to understand that this is what I want to do with my life.

Internships provide important information necessary for prospective students to decide if they would want to make a career in science.

Listening

1.You are going to hear an education report about internship programmes in the USA. As you listen take notes to answer the questions.

a)What kind of jobs is getting more popular with students in the USA?

b)Do summer interns earn much?

c)What expenses can internships involve?

d)How do students benefit from working as interns?

e)How do employers benefit from internships programs?

f)Why are internship programmes often criticized?

g)What can students receive in the unpaid internships?

h)What does Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland offer students?

Get real

Search the Internet to find information on the internship programmes available in your field of study abroad. Choose the one you like best of all and take notes about this programmes under the following guidelines:

Name of the job

Opportunities for foreign students

Duties involved

Personal qualities required

 Skills and qualifications to gain

Speaking

Work in groups. Present and discuss the information on the internship programmes you have found. See how many students would like to do it.

Reading

1.Work with a partner. Discuss these questions.

a)What kind of a job do you hope to get with your university degree?

b)What degree is reguired to work in research areas?

c)Which would you prefer: to work in pure or applied science? Why?

d)Why do industries require the application of scientific knowledge in a wider range?

2.As a class name as many science-related jobs as you can ending in -ist, -er/or, -ant/ent, -tian/cian. How many have you got?

3.Read the text to find out more about carrer options for science graduates.

What can I do with a Science degree?

Your science degree opens up many career options. To choose a career, youneed to consider the extent to which youwould like to use your scientific knowledge in your future career. You may choose to work in pure science, applied science, an alternative career requiring an understanding of science or use the general skills you have acquired while studying.

Also, you have gained a high level of technical ability alongside general skills which will make you more employable.

Careers for science graduates fall into three main categories:

–careers using your specialist science knowledge;

–careers where an understanding of science is an advantage;

–careers using your other skills.

Those of you who have thoroughly enjoyed studying your major* at the university may like to continue to work in science. Science is a kind of an industry with new doors opening all the time. If you want to find work in a specialized area related to your major, you may find that you need more than a pass degree*. Professional scientists usually have at least an honours degree but more likely a PhD, particularly if working in research areas.

Occupationswhichwould allow youto work with your expertise include: Research – university academic, environmental researcher, agricultural researcher, marine scientist, biotechnologist, physicist, research scientist, laboratory research technician, etc.

Analysis and investigation – forensic investigator, IT systems analyst, statistician, clinical researchassociate inpharmaceutical industry, nutritionist and/or dietitian, analytical chemist, geophysical technician, etc.

Consultancy – environmental information consultant, agricultural consultant, ITconsultant, ITsystems developer, information services officer, geoscientist, etc.

Quality control – environmental health officer, resource manager, toxicology consultant, water treatment consultant, quality assurance officer, etc.

Product and process development – pharmacologist, industrial chemist, product designer, etc.

Scientists are found in such industriesasbiotechnology, telecommunications, IT, electronic-design-automation as well as in academic institutions, hospitals, pharmaceutical and utility companies and research organizations.

The industry you choose will have an effect on the type of work you do. Many industries require the application of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems such as utilising resources, developing new products or ensuring safe use for humans.

(Abridged from:http://www.careers.usyd.edu.au/students/careeroptdegree_science.shtml)

————————

*major – здесь специализация.

*pass degree – здесь степень, присуждаемая после сдачи выпускных экзаменов в университете по облегчённой программе.

What do you think?

When choosing a career what should a graduate with a science degree take into account?

What are the career opportunitiesfor science studentsinyour country?

Which field/area of science should you choose as your major in order to get the job you like?

Which jobs mentioned in the text would you like to do most? Give reasons for your choice.

What kind of skills do you think are necessary for the job you would like to do most?

Get real