Learning to learn in English

3.Study the timeline describing the evolution of paper and papermaking. Use timeandsequenceexpressionsintheToolboxtotellthehistoryofpapermaking.

AS OLDAS WRITING

Written communication has been the centre of civilization for centuries. However, putting thoughts

down in a written form wasn’t always easyorpractical.Paperhasalonghistory, beginning with the ancient Egyptians and continuing to the present day. It has largely survived the test of time but now it is facing a new challenge from its electronic equivalent. A particularly fruitful way to look at the evolution of

paper is to study how it has changed over time.

(Adapted and abridged from the Internet sites www.papiermuseum.ch http://www. wipapercouncil.org/invention.htm http://www.hqpapermaker.com/paper-history/)

In the Realm of Science

1. Read the abbreviations and think of their equivalents in your native language. Consult a dictionary if necessary.

AI VR IT GM GPS HDTV HTML DNA R&D

2. Here are some of the widely used terms in science you should know.

Unit 1. Progress Monitoring

In this unit you have worked on the following vocabularyrelated to the topic “Latest

Tick (V) the points you are confident about and cross (X) the ones you need to revise.

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Focus on the language

1.Check if you know the meaning of the phrases below. Give their equivalents in your native language.

Example: glow-in the-dark sweatshirts– sweatshirts that glow in the dark

- рубашка , светящаяся в темноте

2.Read the sentence from the text paying attention to the words: another and other(s). Which words do they refer to?

One platoon takes continuous readings of blood pressure in different

parts ofyourbody;anothermonitorscholesterol;stillothersmeasure blood sugar, hormone levels and immune system activity…

Another, other(s) and the other(s)

Another + singular countable noun

to mean ‘one more’

e.g. Could I have another book on this subject.

to mean ‘alternative/besides this’

e.g. The scientists have started another experiment.

The other + singular noun

to mean ‘part of the set’

e.g. Hold the beaker in one hand and the pipette in the other. The other + plural noun

to mean ‘the rest of the set’

e.g. She promised to bring the other books on AI development next week.

Other + singular noun

to mean ‘different from the item/person already mentioned’. e.g. Ask me some other time, when I’m not so busy.

Other + plural noun

to mean‘more of the set/additional/some more’

e.g. What are his other inventions?

When other is used without a noun, it has –s in the plural. e.g. His favourite subjects were Maths, Physics, Computer Science

and others. (other subjects)

Another way of substituting for the noun is to use other+ one or ones e.g. This chemical is poisonous. Other ones are poisonous too.

Practice

1.Fill in the gaps in the sentences with another, other or others. Put the where necessary.

d)I’m not surprised he’s got a sore throat – he was eating one ice-cream after ................. .

2.The sentencesbelow are all about the future. With a partner decide which rule goes with which sentence.

I definitely don’t believe people will ever live in giant space stations in order to solve the problem of overpopulation.

People will be living in giant space stations in order to solve the problem of overpopulation.

By the year 2050 people will have built several giant space stations in order to solve the problem of overpopulation.

We are about to start building a giant space station in order to solve the problem of overpopulation.

In 2030 we are going to start building a giant space station in order to solve the problem of overpopulation.

Present Simple and Present Progressive

Future Simple and Future Progressive, and Future Perfect

We use … to speak about future personal arrangements and fixed plans or firm intentions; we usually give the time, date and place

We use … to say that something will be going on at a certain time in the future.

Weuse…to makepredictions when youdon’t have‘present evidence’,todescribeadecision madeat themoment of speakingorto talk about hopes,beliefs,promises,guesses,etc.

We use … to say that something will have been completed by a certain time in the future.

We use … to talk about the future but mostly when we talk about timetables, routines and schedules.

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Practice

1.Choose the correct formof the verb inbrackets to complete the sentences.

a)Peter (will/is going to be) at a conference in Geneva next Friday.

b)Oh no! I’will ve broken the container with poisonous substance. What (am I going to say/will I say)?

c)Jack (is having / will have) a dinner party next Saturday.

d)Ann (will be helping/will help) us to label the containers in the lab tomorrow afternoon.

e)By the time you arrive, I (will have checked /will be checking) the equipment for the experiment.

f)(I’ll be studying/I’ll have studied) at 9 tomorrow evening.

g)Look at the level of pressure on the monitor! It (is going to be/will be) well above the normal.

h)Save the data! It looks like the computer (is going to/will) shut down.

i)I (will be using/will have been used) the microscope for two hours tomorrow.

j)By the time I’m 50 I (will have patented/will patent) a number of remarkable inventions!

Listening

1.Listen to Simon and Todd talking about what future will be like for their kids. Complete the chart.

What do you think?

Do you agree with their opinions? Why?/Why not?

What other technological challenges do you think the world will face in the 21st century? Which of them do you consider most promising or devastating for the humanity?

Write a questionnaire to find out what your fellow students think about the life style, education, transport, travel and scientific achievements in the nearest or distant future. Be sure to use various tense forms for expressing future.

Speaking

1.Interview three of your fellow students. Ask about their predictions and comment on them like this:

Example:

A: Do you think that in the future computers will replace teachers? B: Yes, I do.

C: So do I. / Do you? I don’t think they will.

2.Sum up their opinions. Are your fellow students optimistic or pessimistic about the future?

Get real

Search the Internet or popular science magazines to find information on the future developments in your field of study. Choose to speak about three most probable innovations and present your findings to the whole class.

Reading

1.You are going to read a plot synopsis of the sci-fi episode entitled “The New Breed”. What scientific advances and their consequences do you think this episode is about? Discuss as a class.

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“The New Breed”

Introduction

Dr. Stephen Ledbetter makes a technological and medical breakthrough when he creates a type of tiny machines, known

as nanobots, capable of curing any disease or imperfections in the human body.

Plot synopsis

Stephen's best friend Dr. Andy Groenig tells him that he wants to marry Stephen's sister, Judy. Overjoyed at the news, Stephen shows Andy the nanobots and explains what a remarkable breakthrough they are.

Later on Andy discovers that he has an inoperable cancer, and has approximately one year to live. In desperation he sneaks into Stephen's lab and injects himself with the nanobots. They quickly eliminate his disease.

Andy tells Stephen about the success of his machines. Stephen becomes concerned about the impact the nanobots may have on Andy's health — and about the possibility that he may go to prison for using an untested drug on another person. Stephen wants to deactivate the nanobots, but Andy tells him not to worry because he injected himself – so Stephen is not responsible. Andy convinces him to leave the nanobots alone.

The nanobots not only cure Andy's cancer, they improve his health in other ways, including: removing a scar, improving his eyesight, and making him stronger and more energetic. In Stephen's lab, Andy puts his hand over a bunsen burner* causing a severe burn, but the nanobots repair the damaged skin in seconds.

Stephen starts a series of tests to find out exactly what the nanobots are capable of. Andy is placed under water where he is unable to breathe, but the nanobots keep him alive. Things begin to go wrong when Andy wakes up the following day to find that the nanobots have responded to the tests by giving him gills*, allowing him to breathe underwater in the future. When Stephen learns this news, they both agree that the nanobots must be deactivated immediately. Stephen takes measure after measure to stop them, but he is never able to get rid of them.

The nanobots continue making "improvements" to Andy, including giving him eyes in the back of his head, keen hearing and bones above his stomach.

Stephen is ultimately unable to deactivate the nanobots. In dispair Andy kills himself to keep his fiancée from seeing the monster he has become. Stephen burns his laboratory, destroying any remaining nanobots and his research. The episode ends with Andy's grieving fiancée having cut her finger on a shattered photograph of him. The wound heals immediately ….

(Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Breed_%28episode%29)

————————————

*Bunsen burner – горелка Бунзена.

*gills – жабры.

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e) The project was a success as

f) Don’t even ask me to be a

it was done by a small _______

__________ in your research

of people working intensively

into the common cold. The

and enthusiastically together.

exams are coming!

2.Here are some idiomatic phrases frequently used in science. Give their equivalents in your native language.

(Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms © Cambridge University Press 1998)

Unit 2 Progress Monitoring

In this unit you have worked on the vocabulary related to the topic “Latest achievementsand future developmentsin scienceand technology”.

Tick(V)thepoints you areconfident aboutand cross (X) theones youneed to revise.

Unit 3 Revise & Practise

1. Explain the similarity and difference between these pairs.

2.In pairs make up 5 gapped sentences and test your fellow students on the usage of another and other.

3.Work in teams. Hold a competition. Brainstorm as many changes that will have occurred in our life by 2050 as possible.

4.Read these sayings. Comment on the one you like most.

Recall Murphy’s Law - if anything can happen, it eventually will.

“When it comes to the future, there are three kinds of people: those who let it happen, those who make it happen, and those who wonder what happened”. John M. Richardson.

“The real danger is not that computers will begin to think like men, but that men will begin to think like computers”. Sydney J. Harris

Progress Test

2.Think about the year 2030. What do you think you

–will be able to do?

–will be doing?

–will have done by that time?

Write several sentences. Be sure to use the various tense forms of expressing future. Read out your predictions. Discuss them as a class.

3. Fill in the gaps with another, other, others. Use the where necessary.

d).............. day we went to the exhibition of gemstones and samples of meteorites at the university museum.

e)Kate has three rulers. One of them is white, .............. are black.

f)Don’t worry, I’ll finish writing the essay and submit it before the deadline one way or .............. .

4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate idiom. a) We developed the new software through .............. .

b)I think he decided .............. because he didn’t want us to ask any questions.

c) We’re talking basic common sense here - .............. .

d)Iwould liketo doa postgraduatecourse andget involved ina..............

research.

e)I’m really glad Professor Jenkins is my scientific adviser. We are

.............. .

Self study

At the Cutting Edge

Throughout history, the discoveries and inventions have determined to a large extent the ways in which we live our lives. Science has had a significant impact on our daily routines.

Your faculty is planning an exhibition on future trends and challenges that will occur in the 21th century. You are willing to participate in the project. To make a successful poster which is both informative and eye-catching you need to do some research on the topic.

Search the Internet to find relevant information to include in your poster

Include necessary photos, diagrams, timelines, etc.

Prepare and present your poster to the class

QUESTIONS TO GUIDE YOU:

What particular area in your field of study have you chosen for your poster presentation?

What most recent significant achievements or advances can you name?

What are the most challenging problems in this field at present?

What innovations/advances are about to come?

NB! Make use of the instructions on how to make a poster or poster presentation

Managing your learning: Making a poster or poster presentation