5. Заключение

Современные историки политической науки, имена которых упомянуты выше, склонны согласиться с разделяемым нами плюралистическим подхо­дом. По их мнению, борьба вокруг методологических проблем methodenstreit, проходившая в 70—80-е годы, зашла в тупик. Идея единой, непрерывно раз­вивающейся дисциплины, предмет которой одинаково трактуется учеными, была отвергнута. По их мнению, существует столько же различных историй политической науки, сколько различных взглядов на ее предмет, и определя­ются они различными подходами к дисциплине в целом, причем сближения между ними не происходит, поскольку общая научная почва для этого отсут­ствует. Как полагают эти авторы, в настоящее время (и, скорее всего, в обозримом будущем), которое они называют постбихевиористской, постпо­зитивистской эпохой, характеризующейся расколом между политологами, мы обречены сидеть каждый в своем углу.

При подготовке данной главы об истории политической науки мы исходи­ли из анализа литературы от античности до наших дней, свидетельствующей о том, что политической науке присуще единство содержания и метода, и она развивалась в поступательном направлении, если принять за исходную основу этого процесса расширение ее фактологической базы и повышение требова­тельности к научной строгости выводов. Методология политических исследо­ваний характеризуется плюрализмом, который в основе своей эклектичен, однако в данном случае можно говорить не столько об изолированности, сколько о сосуществовании различных методологических концепций. При та­ком взгляде на вещи необходимо признать, что значительный вклад в изуче­ние истории развития классовых отношений внесли ученые-марксисты; в ис­торию становления политических идей — сторонники концепции Страусса; приверженцы теории рационального выбора подняли на новый уровень ана­литический аппарат и т.п. Плюрализм такого рода отнюдь не разделяет уче­ных, он по сути своей эклектичен и стимулирует взаимодействие между спе­циалистами, которое в конечном итоге базируется на всеобщем признании обязательности использования достоверных сведений и соблюдения правил логических выводов.

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