Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

theoretical_phonetics / Welsh consonants

.doc
Скачиваний:
27
Добавлен:
13.02.2015
Размер:
48.13 Кб
Скачать

Welsh consonants vs. RP consonants

RP

Articultary changes

Auditory changes

Phonological changes

Reasons

p

Initial p changes to b (mutation)

  • consonants in intervocalic position (particularly when the preceding vowel is short) are doubled: city [citti]

  • Voiceless plosives tend to be strong aspirated. In word – final position they are generally released and without glottalization: pit [p`h`it`h]

  • We often come across “borrowings” from English, such as John, Jones, Jam and Jiwbil (Jubilee), Wrexham (Wrecsam), Zw (Zoo). They have letter which are absent in Welsh.

  • A mutation (for linguistic purposes) is a substitution or disappearance of a letter. This occur in some English plurals (wife – wives, knife – knives) but it is just considered an irregularity. In Welsh mutations occur for grammatic reasons according to strict rules. Native speakers operate these rules by ear (and not always consistently), but non – native speakers will find themselves floundering without guiding rules. “a kitchen” is GEGIN, but “the kitchen” is YGEGIN. Words beginning with letter over than those do not change for this reason, nor do masculine nouns or any plurals, just feminine singular nouns.

b

Initial b changes to f (mutation)

t

Initial t changes to d (mutation)

d

Initial d changes to dd (mutation)

k

Welsh doesn’t possess the letter K. “C” as in cat, never as in since. Welsh words: canu (Kenee), cwn (come), cael (kile), and of course Cymru (Kumree) this is the Welsh “k”.

** C>G (mutation)/ e.g. Mae cath yn y gegin – a cat is in the kitchen. There is a cat in the kitchen.

g

* G has to be lost (mutation of feminine nouns after definite article)

f

v

Welsh doesn’t possess the letter V

Ө

s

z

Welsh doesn’t possess the letter Z

Ş

3

h

“H” is always pronounced, never silent

d3

Welsh doesn’t possess the letter J

m

Initial m changes to f (mutation)

n

ŋ

w

j

Y has become YR because, as G is lost, it now comes before a vowel

r

Flapped [r] W. – noun – rhotic language(linking and intrusive [r] do also occur). “Rh” sound as if “h” come before “r”. there is a slight blowing out of air before “r” is pronounced. Welsh words: rhengau (hrengye), rhag (hrag), rhy (hree).

l

“l” is clean in all positions

“Ll” is an aspirated “l”. that means you form your lips and tongue to pronounce ‘l”, bur\t then you blow air gently around the sides of the tongue instead of saying anything. The nearest you can get to this sound in English is to pronounce it as “l” with “th” in front of it. Welsh words: llan (thlan), llawr (thlour), llwyd (thlooid).

Соседние файлы в папке theoretical_phonetics