ГМУ учебник по английскому

Notes:

1.crash - крушение, крах, банкротство.

2.severe – строгий, суровый.

3.prison – тюрьма.

4.to lend (lent, lent) – давать взаймы, одалживать.

5.reasonable – приемлемый, подходящий.

6.to borrow - брать взаймы, занимать.

3. Form new groups of three people, each of whom has read a different text. Exchange information and complete the chart below.

4.Discuss these questions.

1.What are the similarities and differences in the three speculations?

2.What do you think people will speculate in during the next 20 years?

Reading II. Study the situation

Lottery winners

a)Which of these things do you expect people to do if they win a lottery “jackpot” (the biggest prize)?

1 give up their job / stay in the same job? 2 stay in their old house / buy a new house?

3 give away money to their family / keep all the money for themselves? 4 eat in expensive restaurants / almost never go out?

b)Read this text about Bert Dunstan and mark the statements below T (True) or F (False).

Two years ago Bert Dunstan won £12,000,000 on the National Lottery. Today he is dead. The 53-year-old factory worker was found lying lifeless on the sofa at his home last weekend.

When Bert won his fortune, he immediately gave up his £200-a-week job at the local chocolate factory and bought a luxurious (роскошный) new house.

41

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

However, he did not immediately head for the sun on a Caribbean holiday or a round-the-world cruise, as others have done; instead, he packed his family of seven into one of his new cars and took them camping in Scotland.

Bert always liked his food and, instead of giving his only daughter, Sally, part of his winnings, he employed her as a full-time cook on a salary of £500 a week. “I used to cook him three big meals every day: burgers, steak and chips were his favorites.” But Sally doesn't think Bert died through overeating: “He just seemed to lose interest in life.”

Chloe Godwin, a psychologist who specializes in the effects that winning a large amount of money can have on people, says “For some people the most terrible thing that can happen to them is change. This is why people have problems when they get married or pass exams. It's nice to win a few thousand pounds, but you shouldn't have so much that you move too far away from the life you've got.”

Certainly other lottery winners have had their problems: one of them left the country because of the publicity and because her family was aggressive over the money. Another left his wife of 40 years and gave her nothing - the ticket was in his name, after all!

Losing can be just as bad, though: Freddie McMahon actually went crazy when a group of people at his office won the jackpot - and he had refused to join them the week before.

So, whichever way you look at it, you just can't win!

1.Bert died two years after winning the lottery.

2.He spent some of the money on a new car.

3.He only gave his daughter £500.

4.Sally thinks that Bert ate himself to death.

5.The psychologist says that people find it very difficult when they have big changes in their lives.

6.One person left the country partly because of her relative.

7.A husband and wife bought a winning lottery ticket together and then he left her.

8.Freddie McMahon went mad over a lottery ticket.

Reading III. 1. Read the story.

A Cent Cut into Two Pieces1

I worked at an office. I wrote short stories about life in New York. One day, as I was engaged at the office, Tripp came in. I didn’t know exactly where Tripp was working, but he was very poor. He was pale2 and unhealthy, and whenever he came I knew that he was going to ask me for a dollar, and then spent it on whisky.

This time Tripp looked more unhappy than ever.

“Well, Tripp, how are you?” said I. “Have you got a dollar, Mr. Chalmers?” asked Tripp. “Would you like a good plot for a story? I’ve got an

42

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

excellent one. It will probably3 cost you a dollar or two”. “What is the story?” I asked impatiently.

“It’s a girl. A real beauty. She had lived in a village for twenty years and has never seen New York before. I happened to meet her in the street. I was passing by4 when she addressed me and asked where she could find George Brown. Asked me where she could find George Brown in New York! She comes from a little village and has seen nothing in her life but farms. I talked to her. She told me she was going to marry a farmer next week. But there had been a certain George Brown who had left the village some years ago and gone to the city to earn money.

He never returned to the village. But before marrying the farmer, Ada – her name is Ada – wants to find George Brown and to have a talk with him as she seems to care for him still. That is why she has come to New York…I couldn’t leave her alone. She told me that she had spent all her money and that she didn’t know what to do and where to go. So I took her to a boarding house and left her there. I want you to come with me to see her.”

“What nonsense5 you are talking, Tripp”, said I. “I thought you said you had a ploy of a story.”

“Oh, it will make a story, I assure you,” said Tripp. “You can describe the girl and add a lot about true love – well, you know how to do it and it will cost you only four dollars.”

“How will it cost me four dollars?” I asked.

“One dollar to the landlady6 in the boarding house7,” Ttripp answered, “and two dollars to pay the girl’s cost home.”

“And the fourth dollar?” I asked.

“One dollar to me,” said Tripp, “for whisky. Are you coming?”

There was nothing to be done but I said to myself that Tripp would never persuade me to give him his dollar for whisky. Angrily I went with him to the boarding house. Tripp was right; she was a beauty. We found Ada comfortably sitting in an armchair and crying. She told me everything. When she spoke about George Brown tears came to her eyes. What could I do? I was not George.

“George and I”, she went on, “loved each other. When he was nineteen – that was six years ago – he left the village and went to New York to earn money. He said he would come back for me. But I never heard from him any more. On the day we parted George and I cut a cent into two pieces. I took one piece and he took the other, and we promised to be devoted to each other. Something has happened to him, I am sure. It certainly was very silly of me to come here looking for him. I never even thought what a big place New York is.”

And then Tripp and I told her how important it was for her to stop looking for the unlucky George and to return home at once.

I paid the landlady a dollar, and the three of us left the boarding house. I bought a ticket and a red rose for Ada. We saw her off. And then Tripp and I looked at each other. Tripp seemed even more unhappy than usual.

43

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

“Can’t you make a story of it?” he asked me. “Not a line,” said I. “There is nothing interesting in this little adventure; but we have helped Ada. Let us try to forget it,” said I. I didn’t want to give Tripp his dollar for whisky. Just as we were walking toward the bus stop, Tripp took out his handkerchief, and I saw a cheap silver watch chain. Something was hanging on the watch chain. It was a half of a cent that had been cut into halves.

“What?” I said, looking at him with surprise. “Oh, yes,” he answered, “my real name is George Brown. But what’s the use?” Without another word I took Tripp’s whisky dollar out of my pocket and put it into his hand.

(After O. Henry)

Notes:

1.piece - кусок.

2.pale – бледный.

3.probably – вероятно.

4.to pass by – проходить мимо.

5.nonsense – ерунда, чепуха.

6.landlady – хозяйка пансиона.

7.boarding house – пансион, меблированные комнаты со столом.

2.Say what you have learned about:

1) Tripp; 2) Ada; 3) Chalmers.

Think and answer.

1.What made Tripp sure that Chalmers would get interested in the girl’s story?

2.Why couldn’t Ada marry the farmer without seeing George brown first?

3.Why did Tripp want the girl to leave New York?

4.Why didn’t Ada recognize Tripp?

5.Why didn’t Tripp tell Ada his real name?

Choose the proverb which best illustrates the idea of the story. Prove your choice.

1.A good name is better than riches.

2.East or West, home is best.

3.Lost time is never found again.

Reading IV. Read the dialogue.

Money and paying

(At the greengrocer’s (овощной магазин))

-Good morning. Can I help you?

-Good morning. I’d like a kilo of potatoes, two tomatoes, and one lettuce (кочан салата).

-A big one?

-Yes, a big one, please.

-Is this one big enough?

-Yes, it’s all right.

44

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

-Anything else?

-Yes, a cucumber half a meter long.

-Is this one long enough?

-That’s perfect. Ah, yes. One more thing. Have you got a cabbage?

-No, I’m sorry, there are no cabbages at the moment.

-Well… what else… Oh, yes, fruit.

-What kind of fruit?

-Two kilos of apples and four bananas.

-Four bananas… Here you are.

-How much is it?

-That’s 5 pounds 50 p.

-Can you change a £10 note? I’m sorry; this is all I’ve got.

-Yes, of course. Here’s your change.

-Thank you very much.

-Thank you. Goodbye.

(At the stationer’s (магазин канцелярских товаров))

-Hello, can I help you?

-Hello, I’d like to buy ten envelopes (конверт), five notebooks, and three pens.

-What size of notebook would you like?

-The big ones, please.

-And what kind of pens would you like?

-One felt-tip pen (фломастер) and two fountain pens (авторучка). How much is that fountain pen?

-This is specially designed fountain pen for businessmen and it costs £20.

-It’s incredibly expensive. I’m afraid I can’t afford it. I’ll take the cheaper ones.

-Is that everything?

-Yes, I believe so. How much is it?

-£10.40. How are you paying? Cash (наличные) or credit card?

-Cash, please. Can you change a twenty-pound note?

-I’m sorry, I don’t have any change.

-In that case I’ll pay with my credit card. Here you are.

-Thank you. Have a nice day.

-Good bye.

Useful expressions

Can you change a ten-pound note, please? – Вы можете разменять двадцатифунтовый банкнот?

How are you paying? – Как Вы будете платить? Наличными или кредитной карточкой?

How much is it? – Сколько это стоит?

I can’t afford it. – Я не могу себе это позволить.

45

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

I don’t have any change. – У меня нет сдачи.

I’ll take the cheaper pen. – Я возьму ручку подешевле. It is incredibly expensive! – Это невероятно дорого!

Learn these expressions by heart and make your own dialogue as in the example.

¨ Grammar snack: 1. Read these paragraphs about what people do with money, and choose the correct preposition.

“I don’t know why my daughter wastes money

(1) by/on unnecessary things like magazines and make up. If she was more careful and put a little money (2) into/for the bank every month, she would save up (3) on something really nice, like a new CD player.”

“I’m really fed up with my boyfriend: he never has any money. He doesn’t pay (4) on/for drinks or a meal when we go out, and you can see that he never spends any money (5) in/on clothes! In fact, I don’t think I’ve ever seen him take any money (6) off/out of

1.Bob: Each month I ……… about a quarter of my salary into the bank, because I’m ……... ….. ….. a holiday in the Bahamas and I’m really trying not to ……… money ….. stupid things like beer and lottery tickets.

2.Sheila: I don’t carry much cash around with me. When I go shopping for food, I usually ………. …. cheque.

3.Katie: My mum ……… ….. all my clothes, and she gives me some money every week to …….. …. sweets and magazines.

4.Paul: I don’t like ……… money …… …… a cash dispenser when it’s late at night. I know someone who was robed while he was doing that.

5.Jack: I do a lot of small building jobs for people, so I prefer it if they

………me ….. cash. I suppose about three quarters of my customers do this.

6.Maria: Well, my souvenir shop’s doing very well at the moment, so I’m planning to ……… two thirds of the profits …… another shop.

46

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

—Skills: 1. Comment on the picture.

? 2. Translate from Russian into English using a dictionary

47

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Роковой луидор

Известно, что случай играет немалую роль не только в жизни каждого человека, но и в истории. Часто из-за непредвиденных обстоятельств менялось ее течение, рушились царства и гибли их владыки.

20 июня 1791 года Людовик XVI, переодетый в платье слуги, тайно бежал из революционного Парижа. Вместе с ним пытались спастись королева и дети – все были переодеты простолюдинами. Путь их лежал к границе Бельгии.

На почтовой станции в Варенне они остановились, чтобы поменять лошадей. При расплачивании они уронили золотой луидор. Его подняла дочка почтмейстера и, протянув отцу, заметила, что изображение на монете похоже на господина, который сидит в экипаже.

Ее слова заставили насторожиться почтмейстера Друэ. Заглянув в карету, он убедился, что девочка права. Сходство человека в платье слуги с изображением на монете было несомненным. Ошибки быть не могло – это король, тайно бежавший из столицы. В итоге беглецы были арестованы.

Так случай решил судьбу Людовика XVI: он был казнен. Луидор оказался роковым.

Lesson 5. Ethics

“Those are my principles; if you don’t like them, I have others”

Groucho Marx (1895-1977) American comedian and film actor

&Useful vocabulary

1.mission – миссия, призвание, поручение: Mission accomplished! (= I have done what I was sent to do).

2.to claim – требовать, утверждать: This problem claims our exclusive attention.

3.expense – трата, расходы, стоимость: He tried to be clever at my

expense.

4.facility – легкость, уступчивость, благоприятные условия,

преимущество: The facility of this piece of music makes it a pleasure to play.

5.statement – сообщение, утверждение, заявление: What is this statement about?

6.purpose – цель: What was the purpose of her visit?

7.to accept – принимать: I’m sorry, but I can’t accept that.

8.praise – похвала, восхваление: The new film received high praise from everyone.

9.to influence – влиять: What were the factors that influenced you to take the job?

48

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

10.nepotism – семейственность, кумовство: “Nepotism” means the practice of giving one’s relatives advantages when one has power, esp. by giving them good jobs.

11.sick – больной: She’s visiting her sick uncle in hospital.

12.to extend – расширять, оказывать, протягивать: The hot weather extended into October.

13.to appoint – назначать: She has been appointed as sales director.

14.honesty – честность: Honesty is the best policy.

15.fairness – справедливость, честность: “Fairness” means freedom from injustice, dishonesty, or self-interest.

16.wage – заработная плата: The workers have asked a wage rise of

10%.

17.to dip (dipped, dipt) – погружать, спускать: I dipped my pen in the

ink.

18.recession – удаление, уход, углубление: “Recession” means a period of reduced trade and business activity.

19.to lay off – откладывать, увольнять, прекращать работу: There have been a lot of lay-offs in the shipbuilding industry recently.

20.to sacrifice – приносить жертву, жертвовать: His parents made a lot of sacrifices to make sure he got a good education.

21.guilty – виновный: I feel very guilty about forgetting to post your

letter.

22.to suffer – страдать: If the factory closes, the other local businesses would suffer to.

23.to approve – одобрять, проявлять, показывать: You made a good decision, and approve of it.

24.to disapprove – не одобрять: I disapprove of smoking.

25.to reflect – отражать: The mountains were reflected in the lake.

26.to survive – выживать: “How can you do this huge amount of work?” “Don’t worry, I’ll survive.”

27.commitment – обязательство, заключение, предание суду: Come and look round our shop without commitment to buy anything.

28.to contribute – содействовать, вкладывать, способствовать: This advertising campaign has contributed significantly to the success of the new car.

29.accountable – ответственный, объяснимый: Should the police be more accountable to the public?

30.to follow – следовать: We expect even greater successes to follow.

31.to define – определять: Some words are hard to define because they have many different uses.

32.dilemma – затруднительное положение: She was in a dilemma about her future profession.

33.bribe – взятка, подкуп: The child was bribed with a piece of cake to go to bed quietly.

49

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

34.to involve – вовлекать, включать: If I were you I wouldn’t get involved in their problems.

35.obviously – очевидно, ясно: This key is obviously the wrong one.

36.reason – причина: He decided not to accept the job, but wouldn’t tell us his reasons.

37.instance – пример, отдельный случай, настояние, требование: You can’t rely on her: for instance, she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.

38.to supply – предлагать, поставлять: The firm that used to supply us has gone out of business.

39.meantime – тем временем, между тем: The new secretary won’t come until next week; in the meantime we have arranged for a temporary one.

40.representative – представитель: I couldn’t present myself , but I sent my representative to the meeting.

Starting up: 1. Discuss these questions.

1.What is the purpose of a business, in your opinion? Is it just to make

money?

2.What do you understand by these phrases?

a) business ethics b) a code of good practice c) a mission statement 3. Should mission statements include statements about ethics?

2. Rank the professions below according to how ethical you think they are.

3. Discuss this list of unethical activities. In your opinion, which are the worst? Are any common in your country?

10. Employing people illegally.

Discussion: 1. Work in groups. Discuss the ethical questions below. A different person should lead the discussion of each issue.

1. You have a shortlist of people for the post of Sales Manager. One of the female candidates is clearly the best qualified person for the job. However, you know that some of your best customers would prefer a man. If you appoint a

50

PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com