I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая

внимание на функцию неличных форм глагола:

а) инфинитива (см. образец выполнения 1)

1. The program documentation enables the user to operate the program correctly.

2. Tofind out what packages are on the market, the buyer should consult software directories

such as published by International Computer Programs, Datapro, etc.

3. Third-generation computers were the first to handle business and scientific applications

equally well.

4. The idea was to develop software that would make computers easier to work.

5. In practice the guardians of internet security seem badly to need guarding themselves.

б) причастия (см. образец выполнения 2)

1. Steve Jobs caught the computing bug while growing up in Silicon Valley.

2. Having been regulated by the operator the equipment operated well.

3. Minicomputers being widely used, their new models are being designed.

в) герундия (см. образец выполнения 3)

1. PCs generate graphics by performing mathematical calculations on data.

2. Babbage realised that duplicating tasks and comparing the results was not enough, because

different workers tended to make the same mistakes.

3. This course involves painting and drawing in various media.

4. The best bosses of Bell Labs, such as John Pierce, were not good at managing people but were

masters at managing ideas.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные

предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений (см. образец

выполнения 4).

1. A lot of convenience and power could be gained, and a lot of unhappiness, irritation and

missed opportunities avoided, if the industry thought about design, instead of always making it

the last thing on the list.

2. If you never back up your hard disk, you will probably lose some important files.

3. If I had known more programming languages, I would have got a better job.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание

на различные значения слов that, one, it (см. образец выполнения 5).

1. It’s advisable not to open e-mails from strangers.

2. Some of the answers are correct ones, and this one is the best of them.

3. These diagrams are simpler than those presented in the article.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая

внимание нафункции глаголов to be, to have, to do (см. образец выполнения 6).

1. Hard disks have important advantages over floppy disks.

2. These files are not to be added.

3. What does OA stand for? It stands for office automation.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст.

MEMORY IN A FLASH

Flash memory is a type of non-volatile memory that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed. Its name was invented by Toshiba to express how much faster it could be erased – ‘in a flash’, which means ‘very quickly’.

Unlike RAM, which is volatile, flash memory retains the information stored in the chip when the power is turned off. This makes it ideal for use in digital cameras, laptops, network switches, video game cards, mobile phones and portable multimedia players. In addition, it offers fast read access times (although not as fast as RAM), with transfer rates of 12MB per second. Unlike ROM chips, flash memory chips are rewritable so you can update programs via software.

Inside the chip, data is stored in several floating gate transistors, called cells. Each cell traditionally stores one bit of data (1=erased and 0=programmed). New devices have a multi-level cell structure so they can store more than one bit per cell. The chips are constructed with either NOR or NAND gates. NOR chips function like a computer’s main memory, while NAND works like a hard drive.

Flash memory is used in several ways:

- Many PCs have their BIOS (basic input/output system) stored on a flash memory chip so it can

be updated if necessary.

- Modems use flash memory because it allows the manufacturer to support new protocols.

- USB flash drives are used to save and move MP3s and other data files between computers.

They are more easily transported than external hard drives because they use solid-state

technology, meaning that they don’t have fragile moving parts that can break if dropped.

However, USB flash drives have less storage capacity than hard drives.

- New U3 smart drives allow users to store both applications and data. They have two drive

partitions and can carry applications that run on the host computer without requiring

installation.

- Flash memory cards are used to store images on cameras, to back up data on PDAs, to transfer

games in video consoles, to record voice and music on MP3 players or to store movies on MP4

players. They are as small as a stamp, and capacity can range from 8MB to several gigabytes.

The only limitation is that flash cards are often not interchangeable between devices. Some

formats include: CompactFlash, Secure Digital, MultiMedia Card, miniSD card, and xD -

Picture Card. Sony has its own product called the Memory Stick, used in its digital still

cameras, video camcorders and the PlayStation Portable. The photos stored in a digital camera

can be offloaded to a computer via cable or wirelessly. Another option is to have a flash card

reader permanently connected to your PC; you simply eject the card from the camera and put

it into the reader instead of having to plug the camera in.

The future of hard drives may be hybrid hard drives. Hybrid hard drives combine a magnetic hard disk and flash memory into one device. This allows computers to boot, or start, more quickly, and also reduces power consumption.