Экспертные системы (Шаповалов ФИБС БТС 10 семестр) / Материалы / Семья / Semia / Semia-spusk

ZgZeba p_e_c h[mq_gby ihagZ\Zl_evgh_ b ebqghklgh_ jZa \blb_ khpbZebaZpby ihemq_gb_ h[s_]h h[jZah\Zgby hij_^_ e_ggh]h mjh\gy ihemq_gb_ hij_^_e_ggh]h mjh\gy h[jZah\Z gby ih ijhn_kkbb

ZgZeba km[t_dlZ h[mq_gby ZgZebabjmy j_[_gdZ dZd km[t_dl h[mq_gby g_h[oh^bfh hij_^_eblv khpbZevgu_ b bg^b\b^m Zevgu_ nZdlhju d khpbZevguf nZdlhjZf hlghkylky \aZbfh hlghr_gby j_[_gdZ k i_^Z]h]hf i_^Z]h]Zfb b ^_lkdbf mq_[ guf dhee_dlb\hf \ lhf qbke_ ikboheh]bq_kdZy kh\f_klb fhklv j_[_gdZ jhe_\Zy ihabpby j_[_gdZ \ dhee_dlb\_ d bg ^b\b^mZevguf nZdlhjZf hlghkylky nbabq_kdb_ ikbohnbabh eh]bq_kdb_ b ikboheh]bq_kdb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb j_[_gdZ mjh \_gv nbabq_kdh]h jZa\blby b nbabq_kdZy ih^]hlh\e_gghklv knhjfbjh\Zgghklv hkgh\guo ihagZ\Zl_evguo nmgdpbc \hk ijbylby \gbfZgby iZfylb fure_gby gZebqby kihkh[ghkl_c b wfhpbhgZevgh \he_\uo oZjZdl_jbklbd ebqghklguo hkh[_g ghkl_c lZdbo dZd mq_[gZy fhlb\Zpby kZfhhp_gdZ b ^j bo khhl\_lkl\b_ \hajZklguf ghjfZf

ZgZeba g_h[oh^bfhklb bkihevah\Zgby l_ogbq_kdbo kj_^kl\ b ki_pbZevguo ijbkihkh[e_gbc ^ey hkms_kl\e_gby j_[_gdhf mq_[ghc ^_yl_evghklb

ZgZeba ijhp_kkZ h[mq_gby b \hkiblZgby j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z wnn_dlb\ghklb mk\h_gby bf mq_[guo ijh]jZff nhjfbjh\Z gby b jZa\blby ebqghklb \ ijhp_kk_ h[mq_gby keh`ghkl_c \hagbdZxsbo \oh^_ g_]h

ZgZeba mkeh\bc h[mq_gby kZgblZjgh ]b]b_gbq_kdbo khpb Zevguo khpbZevgh ikboheh]bq_kdbo b ^j

Hp_gdZ h[jZah\Zl_evgh]h klZlmkZ bf__l ke_^mxsb_ oZjZdl_ jbklbdb

h[jZah\Zl_evguc klZlmk g_ gZjmr_gh[jZah\Zl_evguc klZlmk gZjmr_g

h[mq_gb_ \hafh`gh \ h[uqguo mkeh\byo

h[mq_gb_ \hafh`gh \ h[uqguo mq_[guo aZ\_^_gbyo ijb kh [ex^_gbb ki_pbZevgh]h j_`bfZ b beb k bkihevah\Zgb_f \kihfh]Zl_evguo kj_^kl\ beb k ihfhsvx ^jm]bo f_j

h[mq_gb_ \hafh`gh \ ki_pbZevgh kha^Zgguo mkeh\byo

h[mq_gb_ g_\hafh`gh

:gZeba kljmdlmju khpbZevgh [ulh\hc b khpbZevgh kj_^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb \dexqZ_l

ZgZeba hkgh\guo khpbZevguo oZjZdl_jbklbdmq_l [Zah\uo dhfihg_glh\ ^_yl_evghklb

hij_^_e_gb_ khhl\_lkl\by nbabheh]bq_kdbo ikbohnbabh eh]bq_kdbo b ikboheh]bq_kdbo oZjZdl_jbklbd j_[_gdZ lj_[h\Z gbyf ij_^ty\ey_fuf l_fb beb bgufb \b^Zfb ^_yl_evghklb

ghf gZklhysbf N_^_jZevguf aZdhghf b fh]ml \ujZ`Zlvky \ ihf_s_ gbb wlbo ]jZ`^Zg [_a bo kh]eZkby \ mqj_`^_gby khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b \Zgby \ kemqZyo _keb hgb ebr_gu moh^Z b ih^^_j`db kh klhjhgu jh^ kl\_ggbdh\ beb bguo aZdhgguo ij_^klZ\bl_e_c b ijb wlhf g_ kihkh[ gu kZfhklhyl_evgh m^h\e_l\hjylv k\hb `bag_ggu_ ihlj_[ghklb mljZ lZ kihkh[ghklb d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx b beb Zdlb\ghfm i_j_^\b`_gbx beb ijbagZgu \ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhghf ihjy^d_ g_^__kihkh[gufb

<hijhk h ihf_s_gbb ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ \ klZpbhgZjgu_ mqj_`^_gby khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby [_a bo kh]eZkby beb [_a kh]eZkby bo aZdhgguo ij_^klZ\bl_e_c ih hkgh\Zgbyf ij_^m kfhlj_gguf \ qZklb i_j\hc gZklhys_c klZlvb j_rZ_lky km^hf ih ij_^klZ\e_gbx hj]Zgh\ khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby

HldZa hl mkem] klZpbhgZjguo mqj_`^_gbc khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b \Zgby ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ mljZlb\rbo kihkh[ ghklv m^h\e_l\hjylv k\hb hkgh\gu_ `bag_ggu_ ihlj_[ghklb beb ijb agZgguo \ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhghf ihjy^d_ g_^__kihkh[gufb ijhba \h^blky ih ibkvf_gghfm aZy\e_gbx bo aZdhgguo ij_^klZ\bl_e_c \ kemqZ_ _keb hgb h[yamxlky h[_ki_qblv mdZaZgguf ebpZf moh^ b g_h[ oh^bfu_ mkeh\by ijh`b\Zgby

=jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf y\eyxsbfky [Zdl_ jbh beb \bjmkhghkbl_eyfb eb[h ijb gZebqbb m gbo ojhgbq_kdh]h Ze dh]hebafZ dZjZglbgguo bgn_dpbhgguo aZ[he_\Zgbc Zdlb\guo nhjf lm[_jdme_aZ ly`_euo ikbobq_kdbo jZkkljhckl\ \_g_jbq_kdbo b ^jm]bo aZ[he_\Zgbc lj_[mxsbo e_q_gby \ ki_pbZebabjh\Zgguo mqj_`^_gbyo a^jZ\hhojZg_gby fh`_l [ulv hldZaZgh \ ij_^hklZ\e_gbb khpbZevguo mkem] gZ ^hfm HldZa \ ij_^hklZ\e_gbb ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf khpbZevguo mkem] ih hkgh\Zgbyf hij_^_e_gguf \ qZklb lj_lv_c gZklhys_c klZlvb ih^l\_j`^Z_lky kh\f_klguf aZdexq_gb_f Z^fbgbkljZpbb fmgbpbiZevgh]h p_gljZ khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgbyhj]ZgZ khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby b \jZq_[gh dhgkmevlZlb\ghc dhfbkkbb mqj_`^_gby a^jZ\hhojZg_gby

KhpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb ^h\ fh`_l [ulv ij_djZs_gh \ kemqZ_ gZjmr_gby bfb ghjf b ijZ\be mklZgh\e_gguo hj]ZgZfb mijZ\e_gby khpbZevguf h[kem`b\Zgb_f ijb ij_^hklZ\e_gbb ^Zggh]h \b^Z mkem]

KlZlvy Nhjfu khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby

KhpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ \dexqZ_l

khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ gZ ^hfm \dexqZy khpbZev gh f_^bpbgkdh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_

ihemklZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ \ hl^_e_ gbyo ^g_\gh]h ghqgh]h ij_[u\Zgby mqj_`^_gbc khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby

klZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ \ klZpbhgZj guo mqj_`^_gbyo khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ^hfZo bgl_jgZlZo iZgkbhgZlZo b ^jm]bo mqj_`^_gbyo khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby g_aZ\bkbfh hl bo gZbf_gh\Zgby

kjhqgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_

khpbZevgh dhgkmevlZlb\gmx ihfhsv

=jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf fh`_l ij_^hk lZ\eylvky `beh_ ihf_s_gb_ \ ^hfZo `bebsgh]h nhg^Z khpbZevgh]h bkihevah\Zgby

KhpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ih `_eZgbx ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ fh`_l hkms_kl\eylvky gZ ihklhygghc beb \j_ f_gghc hkgh\_

KlZlvy KhpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ gZ ^hfm

KhpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ gZ ^hfm y\ey_lky h^ghc ba hk gh\guo nhjf khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby gZijZ\e_gghc gZ fZdkb fZevgh \hafh`gh_ ijh^e_gb_ ij_[u\Zgby ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZk lZ b bg\Zeb^h\ \ ijb\uqghc khpbZevghc kj_^_ \ p_eyo ih^^_j`Zgby bo khpbZevgh]h klZlmkZ Z lZd`_ gZ aZsblm bo ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_ j_kh\

D qbkem gZ^hfguo khpbZevguo mkem] ij_^mkfZljb\Z_fuo n_^_jZevguf i_j_qg_f ]ZjZglbjh\Zgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\hf khpbZevguo mkem] hlghkylky

hj]ZgbaZpby iblZgby \dexqZy ^hklZ\dm ijh^mdlh\ gZ ^hf

ihfhsv \ ijbh[j_l_gbb f_^bdZf_glh\ ijh^h\hevkl\_gguo b ijhfure_gguo lh\Zjh\ i_j\hc g_h[oh^bfhklb

kh^_ckl\b_ \ ihemq_gbb f_^bpbgkdhc ihfhsb \ lhf qbke_ khijh\h`^_gb_ \ f_^bpbgkdb_ mqj_`^_gby

ih^^_j`Zgb_ mkeh\bc ijh`b\Zgby \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ]b]b_gb q_kdbfb lj_[h\Zgbyfb

kh^_ckl\b_ \ hj]ZgbaZpbb xjb^bq_kdhc ihfhsb b bguo ijZ\h\uo mkem]

kh^_ckl\b_ \ hj]ZgbaZpbb jblmZevguo mkem]

^jm]b_ gZ^hfgu_ khpbZevgu_ mkem]b

Ijb h[kem`b\Zgbb ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ ijh`b\Zxsbo \ `beuo ihf_s_gbyo [_a p_gljZevgh]h hlhie_gby bbeb \h^hkgZ[`_gby \ qbkeh gZ^hfguo khpbZevguo mkem] ij_^mkfZl jb\Z_fuo n_^_jZevguf i_j_qg_f ]ZjZglbjh\Zgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\hf kh pbZevguo mkem] \dexqZ_lky kh^_ckl\b_ \ h[_ki_q_gbb lhieb\hf bbeb \h^hc

Djhf_ gZ^hfguo khpbZevguo mkem] ij_^mkfhlj_gguo n_^_ jZevguf b l_jjblhjbZevguf i_j_qg_f ]ZjZglbjh\Zgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\hf khpbZevguo mkem] ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf fh]ml [ulv ij_^hklZ\e_gu ^hihegbl_evgu_ mkem]b gZ mkeh\byo iheghc beb qZklbqghc hieZlu

kZxsboky \hkklZgh\e_gby hij_^_e_gguo dZl_]hjbc `bag_^_y l_evghklb b \uy\ey_lky ihlj_[ghklv \ hij_^_e_gguo \b^Zo f_^bdh khpbZevghc j_Z[beblZpbb Bkihevamxlky ljZ^bpbhggu_ f_lh^u bgkl jmf_glZevghc ^bZ]ghklbdb ijbgylu_ \ wdki_jlghc ijZdlbd_ hp_gdZ kl_i_gb \ujZ`_gghklb gZjmr_gbc nmgdpbc ijhba\h^blky \ dZq_kl\_g guo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo g_agZqbl_evgu_ mf_j_ggu_ \ujZ`_ggu_ b agZqbl_evgh \ujZ`_ggu_ gZjmr_gby \ hkgh\_ dhlhjuo e_`Zl hij_ ^_e_ggu_ dhebq_kl\_ggu_ ihdZaZl_eb

>ey \uy\e_gby kl_i_gb khojZgghklb jZaebqguo nmgdpbc y\ eyxsboky hkgh\hc j_Z[beblZpbhgguo \hafh`ghkl_c dZkZxsboky \hkklZgh\e_gby dhgdj_lguo dZl_]hjbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb bkihevam xlky gZ]jmadb Z^Zilbjh\Zggu_ ^ey ^_l_c khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h \hajZk lZ fh^_ebjmxsb_ jZaebqgu_ \b^u ^_yl_evghklb nbabq_kdZy mfkl \_ggZy gZ]jmadZ b ^j k j_]bkljZpb_c dhfie_dkZ ihdZaZl_e_c hljZ `Zxsbo Z^ZilZpbhggu_ j_Zdpbb jZaebqguo nmgdpbhgZevguo kbkl_f

Ikboh^bZ]ghklbdZ ^_l_c ijb hij_^_e_gbb bg\Zeb^ghklb y\ey _lky h^ghc ba kms_kl\_gguo qZkl_c \ dhfie_dk_ ^Zgguo h khklhygbb a^hjh\vy j_[_gdZ h ijhp_kk_ _]h jZa\blby \dexqZy ijh]gha dhjj_d pbb gZjmr_gguo ikbobq_kdbo nmgdpbc

Wdki_jlgh_ ikboh^bZ]ghklbq_kdh_ h[ke_^h\Zgb_ j_[_gdZ j_rZ_l ke_^mxsb_ aZ^Zqb

hp_gdZ khklhygby ikbobq_kdh]h jZa\blby j_[_gdZ

\uy\e_gb_ ihke_^kl\bc ^_ijb\Zpbhgghc kblmZpbb jZa\blby ebqghklb \ mkeh\byo [he_agb

hij_^_e_gb_ ahgu [eb`Zcr_]h jZa\blby b h[mqZ_fhklb

hp_gdZ kljmdlmju ikbobq_kdh]h ^_n_dlZ ^ey mlhqg_gby deb gbq_kdh]h ^bZ]ghaZ

ijh]ghabjh\Zgb_ ijhn_kkbhgZevghc ^_yl_evghklb

mqZklb_ \ khklZ\e_gbb bg^b\b^mZevghc ijh]jZffu j_Z[b eblZpbb

KhpbZevgZy wdki_jlgh j_Z[beblZpbhggZy ^bZ]ghklbdZ \dexqZ_l hp_gdm

h[jZah\Zl_evgh]h klZlmkZkhpbZevgh [ulh\h]h klZlmkZ

khpbZevgh kj_^h\h]h klZlmkZ

Hp_gdZ hkgh\guo h[jZah\Zl_evguo oZjZdl_jbklbd \dexqZ_l ZgZ eba hlghr_gby j_[_gdZ d h[mq_gbx h[jZah\Zgbx bkihevah\Zgby ijb h[mq_gbb l_ogbq_kdbo kj_^kl\ nhjfu h[mq_gby ijbqbgu ih dhlhjhc hg g_ kijZ\ey_lky k h[mq_gb_f h[mqZ_fhklb [Zau ihemq_gby ijh n_kkbhgZevgh]h h[jZah\Zgby ^ey l_o dlh ihemqZ_l ijhnh[jZah\Z gb_ mjh\_gv bf_xs_]hky h[jZah\Zgby ihk_sZ_l eb djm`db k_dpbb mqj_`^_gby ^hihegbl_evgh]h h[jZah\Zgby

:gZeba kljmdlmju [Zah\uo dhfihg_glh\ h[jZah\Zl_evghc ^_y l_evghklb \dexqZ_l

j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z gh b gZ __ nhjfbjh\Zgb_

>jm]h_ hlebqb_ ^_lkdhc bg\Zeb^ghklb khklhbl \ lhf qlh hgZ \hagbdZ_l m ebp bf_xsbo khpbZevgmx g_^hklZlhqghklv lZd dZd ex[hc j_[_ghd ih hij_^_e_gbx g_ khpbZebabjh\Zg b gm`^Z_lky \ khpbZev ghc aZsbl_

Ijb f_^bdh khpbZevghc wdki_jlba_ hij_^_eyxlky hkgh\gu_ dZ l_]hjbb h]jZgbq_gby `bag_^_yl_evghklb j_[_gdZ gZ hkgh\_ dhfie_dk ghc hp_gdb debgbdh nmgdpbhgZevghc ikboheh]bq_kdhc khpbZevghc ^bZ]ghklbdb

Debgbdh nmgdpbhgZevguc ^bZ]gha ^he`_g \dexqZlv

debgbq_kdmx ghaheh]bq_kdmx nhjfm hkgh\gh]h b khimlkl \mxs_]h aZ[he_\Zgby

klZ^bx iZlheh]bq_kdh]h ijhp_kkZl_q_gb_ aZ[he_\Zgby

oZjZdl_j b kl_i_gv gZjmr_gbc nmgdpbc hj]ZgbafZdebgbq_kdbc ijh]gha

Hkgh\gufb dZl_]hjbyfb `bag_^_yl_evghklb m ^_l_c y\eyxlky ke_^mxsb_ kZfhh[kem`b\Zgb_ i_j_^\b`_gb_ h[s_gb_ hjb_glZpby dhgljhev aZ k\hbf ih\_^_gb_f Z^_d\Zlgh_ ih\_^_gb_ h[mq_gb_ b] jh\Zy ^_yl_evghklv

Ijb jZkkfhlj_gbb dZl_]hjbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb b bo h]jZgb q_gbc m ^_l_c k jZaebqghc iZlheh]b_c g_h[oh^bfZ bo dhjj_dpby ih kjZ\g_gbx k \ajhkeuf dhglbg]_glhf k mq_lhf iheh\hajZklgh]h b ^jm ]bo nZdlhjh\ Ih kjZ\g_gbx kh \ajhkeuf dhglbg]_glhf m ^_l_c ihqlb \k_ \b^u `bag_^_yl_evghklb ghkyl ij_bfms_kl\_ggh b]jh\hc oZjZd l_j h[mq_gb_ h[jZah\Zl_evguc b \hkiblZl_evguc oZjZdl_j Z lZd`_ ijbh[j_l_gb_ agZgbc b gZ\udh\ ijb\uqghc \ hkgh\ghf [ulh\hc ^_y l_evghklb b]jZxs_c \Z`gmx jhev \ kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbb ^_l_c feZ^ r_]h \hajZklZ ljm^h\uf gZ\udZf b i_j\bqghc ijhn_kkbhgZevghc ih^]hlh\db ^_l_c klZjr_]h \hajZklZ g_h[oh^bfuo ^ey j_r_gby \h ijhkZ \hafh`ghklb mqZklby \ ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb \ [m^ms_f

GZjmr_gby kh klhjhgu jZaebqguo nmgdpbhgZevguo kbkl_f m ^_ l_c k_j^_qgh khkm^bklZy g_j\gZy ^uoZl_evgZy g_j\gh fur_qguc ZiiZjZl b ^j qZklh ijb\h^yl d jZa\blbx h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_yl_ev ghklb i_j_^\b`_gb_ kZfhh[kem`b\Zgb_ kihkh[ghklv d h[mq_gbx b ^j \hkklZgh\e_gb_ dhlhjuo aZ\bkbl hl \ujZ`_gghklb gZjmr_gbc b dhfi_gkZlhjguo \hafh`ghkl_c hj]ZgbafZ < k\yab k wlbf wdki_jlgh j_Z[beblZpbhggZy ^bZ]ghklbdZ ijb hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgbb ^_l_c ^he` gZ [ulv _^bguf f_lh^bq_kdbf ijhp_kkhf \ oh^_ dhlhjh]h h^gh\j_ f_ggh hij_^_ey_lky dhfie_dk nmgdpbhgZevguo ihdZaZl_e_c gZ hkgh \Zgbb dhlhjuo mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky kl_i_gv \ujZ`_gghklb gZjmr_gbc nmgdpbc hkgh\guo dZl_]hjbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb \u^_ey_lky mjh\_gv j_Z[beblZpbhgguo \hafh`ghkl_c j_Z[beblZpbhgguc ihl_gpbZe dZ

KhpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ gZ ^hfm hkms_kl\ey_lky khhl\_l kl\mxsbfb hl^_e_gbyfb kha^Z\Z_fufb \ fmgbpbiZevguo p_gljZo khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby beb ijb hj]ZgZo khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_ e_gby

Ihjy^hd b mkeh\by aZqbke_gby gZ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ gZ ^hfm hij_^_eyxlky n_^_jZevguf hj]Zghf bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb ih khpbZevghc aZsbl_ gZk_e_gby

KlZlvy KhpbZevgh f_^bpbgkdh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ gZ ^hfm

KhpbZevgh f_^bpbgkdh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ gZ ^hfm hkms_kl\ey_lky \ hlghr_gbb gm`^Zxsboky \ gZ^hfguo khpbZevguo mkem]Zo ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ kljZ^Zxsbo ikbobq_kdbfb jZkkljhc kl\Zfb \ klZ^bb j_fbkkbb lm[_jdme_ahf aZ bkdexq_gb_f Zdlb\ghc nhjfu ly`_eufb aZ[he_\Zgbyfb \ lhf qbke_ hgdheh]bq_kdbfb \ iha^gbo klZ^byo aZ bkdexq_gb_f aZ[he_\Zgbc mdZaZgguo \ qZklb q_l \_jlhc klZlvb gZklhys_]h N_^_jZevgh]h aZdhgZ

KhpbZevgh f_^bpbgkdh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ gZ ^hfm hkms_kl\ey_lky ki_pbZebabjh\Zggufb hl^_e_gbyfb kha^Z\Z_fufb \ fmgbpbiZevguo p_gljZo khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby beb ijb hj]ZgZo khpbZevghc aZsb lu gZk_e_gby < rlZl mdZaZgguo hl^_e_gbc \\h^ylky f_^bpbgkdb_ jZ [hlgbdb ijhn_kkbhgZevgZy ^_yl_evghklv dhlhjuo j_]mebjm_lky aZdh gh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc n_^_jZpbb h[ hojZg_ a^hjh\vy ]jZ`^Zg

KlZlvy IhemklZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_

IhemklZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ \dexqZ_l khpbZev gh [ulh\h_ f_^bpbgkdh_ b dmevlmjgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ]jZ`^Zg ih`b eh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ hj]ZgbaZpbx bo iblZgby hl^uoZ h[_ki_ q_gb_ bo mqZklby \ ihkbevghc ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb b ih^^_j`Zgb_ Zdlb\gh]h h[jZaZ `bagb

GZ ihemklZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ijbgbfZxlky gm`^Zxsb_ky \ g_f ]jZ`^Zg_ ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^u khojZ gb\rb_ kihkh[ghklv d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx b Zdlb\ghfm i_j_^\b`_gbx g_ bf_xsb_ f_^bpbgkdbo ijhlb\hihdZaZgbc d aZqbke_gbx gZ khpbZev gh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ij_^mkfhlj_gguo \ qZklb q_l\_jlhc klZlvb gZ klhys_]h N_^_jZevgh]h aZdhgZ J_r_gb_ h aZqbke_gbb gZ ihemklZ pbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ijbgbfZ_lky jmdh\h^bl_e_f mq j_`^_gby khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby gZ hkgh\Zgbb ebqgh]h ibkvf_g gh]h aZy\e_gby ]jZ`^ZgbgZ ih`beh]h \hajZklZ beb bg\Zeb^Z b kijZ\ db mqj_`^_gby a^jZ\hhojZg_gby h khklhygbb _]h a^hjh\vy

IhemklZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ hkms_kl\ey_lky hl^_e_gbyfb ^g_\gh]h ghqgh]h ij_[u\Zgby kha^Z\Z_fufb \ fmgb pbiZevguo p_gljZo khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby beb ijb hj]ZgZo khpb Zevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby

KlZlvy KlZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_

KlZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ gZijZ\e_gh gZ hdZaZ gb_ jZaghklhjhgg_c khpbZevgh [ulh\hc ihfhsb ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf qZklbqgh beb iheghklvx mljZlb\rbf kihkh[ ghklv d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx b gm`^Zxsbfky ih khklhygbx a^hjh\vy \ ihklhygghf moh^_ b gZ[ex^_gbb KlZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b \Zgb_ \dexqZ_l f_ju ih kha^Zgbx ^ey ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ gZb[he__ Z^_d\Zlguo bo \hajZklm b khklhygbx a^hjh\vy mkeh\bc `bag_^_yl_evghklb j_Z[beblZpbhggu_ f_jhijbylby f_^b pbgkdh]h khpbZevgh]h b e_q_[gh ljm^h\h]h oZjZdl_jZ h[_ki_q_gb_ moh^Z b f_^bpbgkdhc ihfhsb hj]ZgbaZpbx bo hl^uoZ b ^hkm]Z

KlZpbhgZjgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ hkms_kl\ey_lky \ klZpbhgZjguo mqj_`^_gbyohl^_e_gbyo khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ijhnbebjh\Zgguo \ khhl \_lkl\bb k bo \hajZklhf khklhygb_f a^hjh\vy b khpbZevguf iheh `_gb_f

G_ ^himkdZ_lky ihf_s_gb_ ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ k nbabq_kdbfb g_ ^hklZldZfb \ klZpbhgZjgu_ mqj_`^_gby khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey ijh`b\Zgby ^_l_c k ikbobq_kdbfb jZkkljhckl \Zfb

=jZ`^Zg_ ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^u qZklbqgh beb iheghk lvx mljZlb\rb_ kihkh[ghklv d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx b gm`^Zxsb_ky \ ihklhygghf ihklhjhgg_f moh^_ ba qbkeZ hk\h[h`^Z_fuo ba f_kl eb r_gby k\h[h^u hkh[h hiZkguo j_pb^b\bklh\ b ^jm]bo ebp aZ dhlhju fb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ^_ckl\mxsbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf mklZgh\e_g Z^ fbgbkljZlb\guc gZ^ahj Z lZd`_ ]jZ`^Zg_ ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Z eb^u jZg__ km^bfu_ beb g_h^ghdjZlgh ijb\e_dZ\rb_ky d Z^fb gbkljZlb\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ gZjmr_gb_ h[s_kl\_ggh]h ihjy^dZ aZgbfZxsb_ky [jh^y`gbq_kl\hf b ihijhrZcgbq_kl\hf dhlhju_ gZ ijZ\eyxlky ba mqj_`^_gbc hj]Zgh\ \gmlj_ggbo ^_e ijb hlkmlkl\bb f_^bpbgkdbo ijhlb\hihdZaZgbc b ih bo ebqghfm `_eZgbx ijbgbfZxl ky gZ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ \ ki_pbZevgu_ klZpbhgZjgu_ mqj_` ^_gby khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby gZ hkgh\Zgbb j_r_gby hj]Zgh\ f_ klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby

KlZlvy Kjhqgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_

Kjhqgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ hkms_kl\ey_lky \ p_eyo hdZaZgby g_hleh`ghc ihfhsb jZah\h]h oZjZdl_jZ ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf hkljh gm`^Zxsbfky \ khpbZevghc ih^^_j`d_

Kjhqgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ \dexqZ_l ke_^mxsb_ khpbZevgu_ mkem]b ba qbkeZ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_fuo n_^_jZevguf i_j_q g_f ]ZjZglbjh\Zgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\hf khpbZevguo mkem]

jZah\h_ h[_ki_q_gb_ hkljh gm`^Zxsboky [_kieZlguf ]h jyqbf iblZgb_f beb ijh^mdlh\ufb gZ[hjZfb

lm EbpZ khijh\h`^Zxsb_ bg\Zeb^Z , ]jmiiu beb j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z ijbh[j_lZxl [be_lu k mdZaZgghc kdb^dhc gZ hkgh\Zgbb ^hdmf_glh\ bg\Zeb^h\ b ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ dhlhjuo hgb khijh\h`^Zxl \ dZ`^hc dhgdj_lghc ih_a^d_ \ ^Zgguc i_jbh^

Hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey ij_^hklZ\e_gby bg\Zeb^Zf kdb^db kh klh bfhklb ijh_a^Z h^bg jZa \ ]h^m lm^Z b h[jZlgh k fZy ih k_g ly[jy Z lZd`_ ijZ\Z [_kieZlgh]h ijh_a^Z h^bg jZa \ ]h^ d f_klm e_ q_gby b h[jZlgh bg\Zeb^Zf,b,]jmii ^_lyf bg\Zeb^Zf b ebpZf kh ijh\h`^Zxsbf bg\Zeb^Z ]jmiiu beb j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z y\eyxlky ebklu lZehgh\ \u^Z\Z_fu_ ]jZ`^ZgZf hj]ZgZfb khpbZevghc aZsblu ih f_klm bo `bl_evkl\Z Ijbq_f ebkl lZehgh\ gZ ijZ\h [_kieZlgh]h ijh_a^Z h^bg jZa \ ]h^ d f_klm e_q_gby b h[jZlgh ^_ckl\bl_e_g lhev dh ijb ij_^ty\e_gbb \ dZkk_ \ kemqZ_ ijbh[j_l_gby [be_lZ iml_\db gZ kZgZlhjgh dmjhjlgh_ e_q_gb_ eb[h gZijZ\e_gby e_q_[gh ijhnbeZdlbq_kdh]h mqj_`^_gby gZ e_q_gb_ Ebklu lZehgh\ gZ ijh_a^ bf_xl hij_^_e_ggmx kl_i_gv aZsblu b ba]hlh\eyxlky ^ey j_]bhgh\ Fbgbkl_jkl\hf p_gljZebah\Zggh ih ml\_j`^_gguf h[jZapZf

F_lh^bq_kdb_ ih^oh^u d hij_^_e_gbx bg\Zeb^ghklb m ^_l_c b hj]ZgbaZpby f_^bdh khpbZevghc wdki_jlbau ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\F_lh^bq_kdb_ j_dhf_g^Zpbb Ml\_j`^_g aZf fbgbkljZ ljm^Z b khpbZevgh]h jZa\blby JN ]

Ba\e_q_gb_

H;SB? IHEH@?GBY

N_^_jZevguc aZdhg H khpbZevghc aZsbl_ bg\Zeb^h\ \ Jhk kbckdhc N_^_jZpbb hij_^_ey_l bg\Zeb^ghklv dZd h]jZgbq_gb_ `ba g_^_yl_evghklb \ke_^kl\b_ gZjmr_gby a^hjh\vy ijb\h^ys__ d g_h[ oh^bfhklb khpbZevghc aZsblu

Hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey ijbagZgby j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^hf y\ey_lky khq_ lZgb_ ke_^mxsbo lj_o hkgh\guo nZdlhjh\

gZjmr_gb_ a^hjh\vy kh klhcdbf jZkkljhckl\hf nmgdpbc hj]Z gbafZ h[mkeh\e_ggh_ aZ[he_\Zgbyfb ihke_^kl\byfb ljZ\f beb ^_n_dlZfb

h]jZgbq_gb_ `bag_^_yl_evghklb ihegZy beb qZklbqgZy ml jZlZ kihkh[ghklb hkms_kl\eylv kZfhh[kem`b\Zgb_ kZfh klhyl_evgh_ i_j_^\b`_gb_ h[s_gb_ hjb_glZpbx dhgljheb jh\Zlv k\h_ ih\_^_gb_ h[mqZlvky beb aZgbfZlvky b]jh\hc ^_yl_evghklvx \ khhl\_lkl\bb k \hajZklghc ghjfhc

g_h[oh^bfhklv hkms_kl\e_gby f_j khpbZevghc aZsblu Ki_pbnbdZ ^_lkdhc bg\Zeb^ghklb khklhbl \ lhf qlh h]jZgbq_gby

`bag_^_yl_evghklb \hagbdZxl \ i_jbh^ nhjfbjh\Zgby \ukrbo ikbob q_kdbo nmgdpbc mk\h_gby agZgbc b mf_gbc \ i_jbh^ klZgh\e_gby ebqghklb < hlebqb_ hl \ajhkeuo bg\Zeb^h\ bg\Zeb^ghklv \ ^_lkdhf \hajZkl_ gZdeZ^u\Z_l h]jZgbq_gby g_ lhevdh gZ ijhy\e_gb_ ebqghklb

jZevgh]h aZdhgZ hl ‹©H khpbZevghc aZsbl_ bg\Zeb^h\ Z Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb Fbgbkl_jkl\h jZatykgy_l ihjy^hd bo ij_^hk lZ\e_gby

>_lyf bg\Zeb^Zf bo jh^bl_eyf hi_dmgZf ihi_qbl_eyf b khpb Zevguf jZ[hlgbdZf hkms_kl\eyxsbf moh^ aZ ^_lvfb bg\Zeb^Zfb Z lZd`_ bg\Zeb^Zf ij_^hklZ\e_gh ijZ\h [_kieZlgh]h ijh_a^Z gZ ljZgk ihjl_ ijb]hjh^gh]h khh[s_gby < wlhf kemqZ_ mdZaZggu_ dZl_]hjbb ]jZ`^Zg hkms_kl\eyxl [_a[be_lguc ijh_a^ gZ ljZgkihjl_ ijb]h jh^gh]h khh[s_gby

>ey bg\Zeb^h\ b ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ hkgh\Zgb_f ij_^hklZ\e_gby wlh]h ijZ\Z y\ey_lky kijZ\dZ ih^l\_j`^ZxsZy nZdl mklZgh\e_gby bg\Zeb^ghklb \u^Z\Z_fZy mqj_`^_gbyfb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[u f_^bdh khpbZevghc wdki_jlbau \uibkdZ ba ZdlZ hk\b^_l_evkl\h \Zgby \ mqj_`^_gbb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[u f_^bdh khpbZevghc wdk i_jlbau kijZ\dZ d Zdlm hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgby nhjfZ dhlhjhc ml \_j`^_gZ ijbdZahf Fbgbkl_jkl\Z khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby Jhk kbckdhc N_^_jZpbb hl k_gly[jy ]h^Z ‹ ijbeh`_gb_

eb[h kijZ\dZ <LWD b djhf_ lh]h ^ey ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ _s_ b f_^b pbgkdh_ aZdexq_gb_ gZ j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l beb f_^bdh khpbZevgh_ aZdexq_gb_ gZ j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z \u^Zggu_ ]hkm ^Zjkl\_gguf beb fmgbpbiZevguf e_q_[gh ijhnbeZdlbq_kdbf mqj_` ^_gb_f a^jZ\hhojZg_gby

Jh^bl_eb ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ ihevamxlky wlbf ijZ\hf gZ hkgh\Z gbb ^hdmf_glh\ j_[_gdZ h[ mklZgh\e_gbb bg\Zeb^ghklb

Hi_dmgZf ihi_qbl_eyf b khpbZevguf jZ[hlgbdZf hj]Zgu khpb Zevghc aZsblu ih f_klm bo `bl_evkl\Z \u^Zxl kijZ\dm h lhf qlh hgb bf_xl ijZ\h gZ ^Zggmx ev]hlm \ k\yab k l_f qlh hkms_kl\eyxl hi_dm ihi_qbl_evkl\h gZ^ j_[_gdhf bg\Zeb^hf beb hkms_kl\eyxl moh^ aZ j_[_gdhf bg\Zeb^hf ijbeh`_gb_

EbpZ khijh\h`^Zxsb_ bg\Zeb^Z , ]jmiiu b j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z ihevamxlky ijZ\hf [_a[be_lgh]h ijh_a^Z gZ hkgh\Zgbb gZa\Zgguo \ur_ ^hdmf_glh\ bg\Zeb^Z , ]jmiiu beb j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z dhlhjuo hgb khijh\h`^Zxl

GZa\Zggu_ kijZ\db ij_^ty\eyxlky gZjy^m k ^hdmf_glhf m^hklh \_jyxsbf ebqghklv ih lj_[h\Zgbx dhgljhe_jZ ijb ih_a^d_

>ey ijbh[j_l_gby [be_lh\ k ijhp_glghc kdb^dhc kh klhbfh klb ijh_a^Z gZ f_`^m]hjh^guo ebgbyo \ha^mrgh]h `_e_agh^hjh`gh ]h j_qgh]h b Z\lhfh[bevgh]h ljZgkihjlZ k hdly[jy ih fZy [_a h] jZgbq_gby qbkeZ ih_a^hd hj]ZgZfb khpbZevghc aZsblu ih f_klm `b l_evkl\Z ijhklZ\ey_lky bg\Zeb^Zf \ bo i_gkbhgguo m^hklh\_j_gbyo rlZfi©bf__l ijZ\h gZ kdb^dm kh klhbfhklb ijh_a^Z gZ f_`^m]h jh^guo ebgbyo \ha^mrgh]h `_e_agh^hjh`gh]h j_qgh]h b Z\lhfh [bevgh]h ljZgkihjlZ k hdly[jy ih fZyª

>_lyf bg\Zeb^Zf hj]ZgZfb khpbZevghc aZsblu ih f_klm bo `b l_evkl\Z \u^Zxlky khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ kijZ\db h ijZ\_ gZ ^Zggmx ev]h

h[_ki_q_gb_ h^_`^hc h[m\vx b ^jm]bfb ij_^f_lZfb i_j \hc g_h[oh^bfhklb

jZah\h_ hdZaZgb_ fZl_jbZevghc ihfhsb

kh^_ckl\b_ \ ihemq_gbb \j_f_ggh]h `beh]h ihf_s_gby

hj]ZgbaZpbx xjb^bq_kdhc ihfhsb \ p_eyo aZsblu ijZ\ h[kem`b\Z_fuo ebp

hj]ZgbaZpbx wdklj_gghc f_^bdh ikboheh]bq_kdhc ihfhsb k ijb\e_q_gb_f ^ey wlhc jZ[hlu ikboheh]h\ b k\ys_gghkem`b l_e_c b \u^_e_gb_f ^ey wlbo p_e_c ^hihegbl_evguo l_e_nhg guo ghf_jh\

bgu_ kjhqgu_ khpbZevgu_ mkem]b

Kjhqgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ hkms_kl\ey_lky fmgbpb iZevgufb p_gljZfb khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby beb hl^_e_gbyfb kha^Z\Z_fufb ^ey wlbo p_e_c ijb hj]ZgZo khpbZevghc aZsblu iZ k_e_gby

KlZlvy KhpbZevgh dhgkmevlZlb\gZy ihfhsv

KhpbZevgh dhgkmevlZlb\gZy ihfhsv ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf gZijZ\e_gZ gZ bo Z^ZilZpbx \ h[s_kl\_ hk eZ[e_gb_ khpbZevghc gZijy`_gghklb kha^Zgb_ [eZ]hijbylguo hl ghr_gbc \ k_fv_ Z lZd`_ gZ h[_ki_q_gb_ \aZbfh^_ckl\by ebqghklb k_fvb h[s_kl\Z b ]hkm^Zjkl\Z

KhpbZevgh dhgkmevlZlb\gZy ihfhsv ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf hjb_glbjh\ZgZ gZ bo ikboheh]bq_kdmx ih^ ^_j`dm Zdlb\baZpbx mkbebc \ j_r_gbb kh[kl\_gguo ijh[e_f b ij_^m kfZljb\Z_l

\uy\e_gb_ ebp gm`^Zxsboky \ khpbZevgh dhgkmevlZlb\ghc ihfhsb

ijhnbeZdlbdm jZaebqgh]h jh^Z khpbZevgh ikboheh]bq_kdbo hldehg_gbc

jZ[hlm k k_fvyfb \ dhlhjuo `b\ml ]jZ`^Zg_ ih`beh]h \ha jZklZ b bg\Zeb^u hj]ZgbaZpbx bo ^hkm]Z

dhgkmevlZlb\gmx ihfhsv \ h[mq_gbb ijhn_kkbhgZevghc hjb_glZpbb b ljm^hmkljhckl\_ bg\Zeb^h\

h[_ki_q_gb_ dhhj^bgZpbb ^_yl_evghklb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo mqj_`^_gbc b h[s_kl\_gguo h[t_^bg_gbc ^ey j_r_gby ijh[e_f ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\

ijZ\h\mx ihfhsv \ ij_^_eZo dhfi_l_gpbb hj]Zgh\ khpb Zevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby

bgu_ f_ju ih nhjfbjh\Zgbx a^hjh\uo \aZbfhhlghr_gbc b kha^Zgbx [eZ]hijbylghc khpbZevghc kj_^u ^ey ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\

Hj]ZgbaZpb_c b dhhj^bgZpb_c khpbZevgh dhgkmevlZlb\ghc ihfhsb aZgbfZxlky fmgbpbiZevgu_ p_glju khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Z

gby Z lZd`_ hj]Zgu khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby dhlhju_ kha^Zxl ^ey wlbo p_e_c khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ih^jZa^_e_gby

KlZlvy HieZlZ gZ^hfgh]h ihemklZpbhgZjgh]h b klZpbh gZjgh]h khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby \ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo b fmgb pbiZevguo mqj_`^_gbyo khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby

KhpbZevgu_ mkem]b \oh^ysb_ \ n_^_jZevguc i_j_q_gv ]Z jZglbjh\Zgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\hf khpbZevguo mkem] fh]ml [ulv hdZaZgu ]jZ`^ZgZf [_kieZlgh Z lZd`_ gZ mkeh\byo qZklbqghc beb iheghc hi eZlu

;_kieZlgh hdZau\Zxlky khpbZevgu_ mkem]b

h^bghdbf ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ h^bghdbf kmijm `_kdbf iZjZf b bg\Zeb^Zf ihemqZxsbf i_gkbx \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd \ jZaf_j_ gb`_ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZ gh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf bf_xsbf jh^ kl\_ggbdh\ dhlhju_ g_ fh]ml ih h[t_dlb\guf ijbqbgZf h[_ki_ qblv bf ihfhsv b moh^ ijb mkeh\bb qlh jZaf_j ihemqZ_fhc wlb fb ]jZ`^ZgZfb i_gkbb \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd gb`_ ijh `blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf ijh`b\Zxsbf \ k_fvyo kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ dhlhjuo gb`_ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgb fmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

KhpbZevgu_ mkem]b gZ mkeh\byo qZklbqghc hieZlu hdZau

\Zxlky

h^bghdbf ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ h^bghdbf kmijm `_kdbf iZjZf b bg\Zeb^Zf ihemqZxsbf i_gkbx \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd \ jZaf_j_ hl ^h ijhp_glh\ ijh`blhqgh ]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf bf_xsbf jh^ kl\_ggbdh\ dhlhju_ g_ fh]ml ih h[t_dlb\guf ijbqbgZf h[_ki_ qblv bf ihfhsv b moh^ ijb mkeh\bb qlh jZaf_j ihemqZ_fhc wlb fb ]jZ`^ZgZfb i_gkbb \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd khklZ\ey_l hl ^h ijhp_glh\ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf ijh`b\Zxsbf \ k_fvyo kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ dhlhjuo khklZ\ey_l hl ^h

ijhp_glh\ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

KhpbZevgu_ mkem]b gZ mkeh\byo iheghc hieZlu hdZau\Zxlky ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf ijh`b\Zxsbf \ k_fvyo kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ dhlhjuo ij_\urZ_l gZ ijhp_glh\ ijh`b lhqguc fbgbfmf mklZgh\e_gguc ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

<abfZgb_ ieZlu ijhba\h^blky kh \k_o dZl_]hjbc ]jZ`^Zg ih `beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ ijb hdZaZgbb ih bo ijhkv[_ ^hihe

jZ`_gguf jZkkljhckl\hf nmgdpbc hj]ZgbafZ h[mkeh\e_gguf aZ[he_ \Zgbyfb ihke_^kl\byfb ljZ\f beb ^_n_dlZfb ijb\h^ysbfb d \ujZ `_gghfm h]jZgbq_gbx h^ghc ba ke_^mxsbo dZl_]hjbc `bag_^_yl_ev ghklb eb[h bo khq_lZgbx kihkh[ghklb d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx \lhjhc kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb d i_j_^\b`_gbx \lhjhc kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb d ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb lj_lv_c \lhjhc kl_i_g_c kihkh[ghklb d h[m q_gbx lj_lv_c \lhjhc kl_i_g_c kihkh[ghklb d hjb_glZpbb \lhjhc kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb d h[s_gbx \lhjhc kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb dhgljh ey aZ k\hbf ih\_^_gb_f \lhjhc kl_i_gb

H]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d h[mq_gbx \lhjhc b lj_lv_c kl_i_g_c fh`_l [ulv hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey mklZgh\e_gby \lhjhc ]jmiiu bg\Zeb^gh klb ijb khq_lZgbb k h]jZgbq_gb_f h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbo ^jm]bo dZl_ ]hjbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb aZ bkdexq_gb_f mqZsboky m dhlhjuo h]jZ gbq_gb_ lhevdh kihkh[ghklb d h[mq_gbx \lhjhc lj_lv_c kl_i_g_c fh `_l h[mkeh\blv g_h[oh^bfhklv mklZgh\e_gby \lhjhc ]jmiiu bg\Zeb^ ghklb

Djbl_jb_f ^ey hij_^_e_gby lj_lv_c ]jmiiu bg\Zeb^ ghklb y\ey_lky khpbZevgZy g_^hklZlhqghklv lj_[mxsZy khpbZevghc aZsblu beb ihfhsb \ke_^kl\b_ gZjmr_gby a^hjh\vy kh klhcdbf g_ agZqbl_evgh beb mf_j_ggh \ujZ`_gguf jZkkljhckl\hf nmgdpbc hj]Z gbafZ h[mkeh\e_gguf aZ[he_\Zgbyfb ihke_^kl\byfb ljZ\f beb ^_ n_dlZfb ijb\h^ysbfb d g_j_adh beb mf_j_ggh \ujZ`_gghfm h]jZgb q_gbx h^ghc ba ke_^mxsbo dZl_]hjbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb beb bo khq_ lZgbx kihkh[ghklb d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx i_j\hc kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb d i_j_^\b`_gbx i_j\hc kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb d h[mq_gbx i_j\hc kl_ i_gb kihkh[ghklb d ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb i_j\hc kl_i_gb kihkh[gh klb d hjb_glZpbb i_j\hc kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb d h[s_gbx i_j\hc kl_ i_gb

Ibkvfh aZf fbgbkljZ ljm^Z b khpbZevgh]h jZa\blby JN

‹ :H hl ]

©H j_ZebaZpbb ev]hl gZ ijh_a^ ij_^hklZ\e_gguo NAª H khpbZevghc aZsbl_ bg\Zeb^h\ \ JNª

< khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c N_^_jZevgh]h aZdhgZ hl ‹

©H khpbZevghc aZsbl_ bg\Zeb^h\ \ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbbª bg \Zeb^Zf ^_lyf bg\Zeb^Zf bo jh^bl_eyf hi_dmgZf b ihi_qbl_eyf khpbZevguf jZ[hlgbdZf hkms_kl\eyxsbf moh^ aZ ^_lvfb bg\Zeb ^Zfb Z lZd`_ ebpZf khijh\h`^Zxsbf bg\Zeb^h\ , ]jmiiu b ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ ij_^hklZ\e_g jy^ ^hihegbl_evguo ev]hl ih bo ljZgk ihjlghfm h[kem`b\Zgbx GZklhysZy klZlvy \klmibeZ \ kbem k yg\Zjy

]h^Z

< p_eyo h[_ki_q_gby ijZ\Z mdZaZgguo dZl_]hjbc ]jZ`^Zg gZ ev]hlu ih ijh_a^m gZ ljZgkihjl_ mklZgh\e_ggu_ klZlv_c N_^_

\h^kl\_gghc ^_yl_evghklb g_\hafh`ghklb \uiheg_gby jZ[hlu ih k\h_c ijhn_kkbb

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d \uiheg_gbx ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb \ ki_pbZevgh kha^Zgguo mkeh\byo k bkihevah\Zgb_f \kihfh]Zl_evguo kj_^kl\ b beb ki_pbZevgh h[hjm^h\Zggh]h jZ[hq_]h f_klZ k ihfh svx ^jm]bo ebp

kl_i_gv g_kihkh[ghklv d ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb

H]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d hjb_glZpbbkl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d hjb_glZpbb ijb mkeh\bb bkihevah\Zgby

\kihfh]Zl_evguo kj_^kl\kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d hjb_glZpbb lj_[mxsZy ihfhsb ^jm]bo

ebp

kl_i_gv g_kihkh[ghklv d hjb_glZpbb ^_ahjb_glZpby

H]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d h[s_gbx

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d h[s_gbx oZjZdl_jbamxsZyky kgb`_ gb_f kdhjhklb mf_gvr_gb_f h[t_fZ mk\h_gby ihemq_gby b i_j_^Zqb bgnhjfZpbb

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d h[s_gbx k bkihevah\Zgb_f \kihfh]Z l_evguo kj_^kl\ b beb k ihfhsvx ^jm]bo ebp

kl_i_gv g_kihkh[ghklv d h[s_gbx

H]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb dhgljhebjh\Zlv k\h_ ih\_

^_gb_

kl_i_gv qZklbqgh_ kgb`_gb_ kihkh[ghklb kZfhklhyl_evgh dhgljhebjh\Zlv k\h_ ih\_^_gb_

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv qZklbqgh beb iheghklvx dhgljhebjh\Zlv k\h_ ih\_^_gb_ lhevdh ijb ihfhsb ihklhjhggbo ebp

kl_i_gv g_kihkh[ghklv dhgljhebjh\Zlv k\h_ ih\_^_gb_

<J?F?GGU? DJBL?JBB

Djbl_jbb hij_^_e_gby ]jmii bg\Zeb^ghklb

Djbl_jb_f ^ey hij_^_e_gby i_j\hc ]jmiiu bg\Zeb^ ghklb y\ey_lky khpbZevgZy g_^hklZlhqghklv lj_[mxsZy khpbZevghc aZsblu beb ihfhsb \ke_^kl\b_ gZjmr_gby a^hjh\vy kh klhcdbf agZ qbl_evgh \ujZ`_gguf jZkkljhckl\hf nmgdpbc hj]ZgbafZ h[mkeh\ e_gguf aZ[he_\Zgbyfb ihke_^kl\byfb ljZ\f beb ^_n_dlZfb ijb\h ^ysbfb d j_adh \ujZ`_gghfm h]jZgbq_gbx h^ghc ba ke_^mxsbo dZl_ ]hjbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb eb[h bo khq_lZgbx kihkh[ghklb d kZfhh[ kem`b\Zgbx lj_lv_c kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb d i_j_^\b`_gbx lj_lv_c kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb d hjb_glZpbb lj_lv_c kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb d h[s_gbx lj_lv_c kl_i_gb kihkh[ghklb dhgljhey aZ k\hbf ih\_^_gb_f lj_lv_c kl_i_gb

Djbl_jb_f ^ey mklZgh\e_gby \lhjhc ]jmiiu bg\Zeb^ ghklb y\ey_lky khpbZevgZy g_^hklZlhqghklv lj_[mxsZy khpbZevghc aZsblu beb ihfhsb \ke_^kl\b_ gZjmr_gby a^hjh\vy kh klhcdbf \u

gbl_evguo khpbZevguo mkem] g_ \oh^ysbo \ n_^_jZevguc b l_j jblhjbZevgu_ i_j_qgb ]ZjZglbjh\Zgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\hf khpbZevguo mkem]

Mqj_`^_gby khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ij_^hklZ\eyxsb_ khpbZevgu_ mkem]b h[yaZgu aZdexqblv k ]jZ`^ZgZfb ih`beh]h \ha jZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zfb ijbgbfZ_fufb gZ ieZlgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ beb k bo aZdhggufb ij_^klZ\bl_eyfb ^h]h\hju hij_^_eyxsb_ \b^u b h[t _f ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo mkem] kjhdb \ dhlhju_ ^he`gu [ulv ij_^hklZ\ e_gu mkem]b Z lZd`_ ihjy^hd b jZaf_j bo hieZlu

HieZlZ khpbZevguo mkem] fh`_l ijhba\h^blvky aZ kq_l kj_^kl\ ihemq_gguo hl ijh^Z`b beb bgh]h hlqm`^_gby ijbgZ^e_ `Zs_]h gZ ijZ\_ kh[kl\_gghklb ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ bg\Z eb^Zf bfms_kl\Z \dexqZy `beu_ ihf_s_gby p_ggu_ [mfZ]b b bgh_ bfms_kl\h gZ hkgh\Zgby ^h]h\hjh\ aZdexqZ_fuo \ khhl\_lkl\bb k aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

K^_edb h[ hlqm`^_gbb `beuo ^hfh\ `beuo ihf_s_gbc \ p_eyo hieZlu khpbZevguo mkem] kh\_jrZxlky \ ihjy^d_ mklZgh\e_g ghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb ijb h^gh\j_f_gghf kh[ex^_gbb ke_^mxsbo mkeh\bc

khojZg_gby aZ ]jZ`^Zgbghf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb ^hf ijZ\Z ih`bag_ggh]h ijh`b\Zgby \ hlqm`^_gghf `behf ^hf_`behf ihf_s_gbb eb[h h[_ki_q_gby _]h ^jm]bf `beuf ihf_s_ gb_f hl\_qZxsbf lj_[h\Zgbyf `bebsgh]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z Z lZd`_ ijZ\Z gZ fZl_jbZevgh_ h[_ki_q_gb_ \ \b^_ iblZgby moh^Z b g_h[oh^bfhklb ihfhsb

ihemq_gby kh]eZkby \ ibkvf_gghc nhjf_ f_klguo hj]Zgh\ mijZ\e_gby khpbZevguf h[kem`b\Zgb_f gZk_e_gby gZ hnhjfe_ gb_ k^_edb

©H khpbZevghc aZsbl_ bg\Zeb^h\ \ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbbª ‹ NA hl ] k baf_g_gbyfb b ^hiheg_gbyfb hl ] ] ] ]

Ba\e_q_gb_

KlZlvy Ihgylb_ bg\Zeb^ hkgh\Zgby hij_^_e_gby ]jmiiu bg\Zeb^ghklb

Bg\Zeb^ ebph dhlhjh_ bf__l gZjmr_gb_ a^hjh\vy kh klhcdbf jZkkljhckl\hf nmgdpbc hj]ZgbafZ h[mkeh\e_ggh_ aZ[he_\Zgbyfb ihke_^kl\byfb ljZ\f beb ^_n_dlZfb ijb\h^ys__ d h]jZgbq_gbx `bag_^_yl_evghklb b \uau\Zxs__ g_h[oh^bfhklv _]h khpbZevghc aZsblu

H]jZgbq_gb_ `bag_^_yl_evghklb ihegZy beb qZklbqgZy mljZlZ ebphf kihkh[ghklb beb \hafh`ghklb hkms_kl\eylv kZfhh[kem `b\Zgb_ kZfhklhyl_evgh i_j_^\b]Zlvky hjb_glbjh\Zlvky h[sZlvky

dhgljhebjh\Zlv k\h_ ih\_^_gb_ h[mqZlvky b aZgbfZlvky ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklvx

< aZ\bkbfhklb hl kl_i_gb jZkkljhckl\Z nmgdpbc hj]ZgbafZ b h] jZgbq_gby `bag_^_yl_evghklb ebpZf ijbagZgguf bg\Zeb^Zfb mk lZgZ\eb\Z_lky ]jmiiZ bg\Zeb^ghklb Z ebpZf \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l mk lZgZ\eb\Z_lky dZl_]hjby j_[_ghd bg\Zeb^

J_[_gdhf bg\Zeb^hf y\ey_lky ebph \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l dhlh jh_ hl jh`^_gby \ke_^kl\b_ i_j_g_k_gghc jh^h\hc ljZ\fu \jh` ^_ggh]h beb ijbh[j_l_ggh]h ^_n_dlZ a^hjh\vy i_j_g_k_gguo aZ[h e_\Zgbc beb ljZ\fu ijb\_^rbo d klhcdhfm jZkkljhckl\m nmgdpbc hj ]ZgbafZ ihklhygghfm beb \j_f_gghfm h]jZgbq_gbx `bag_^_yl_evgh klb ^Zggh]h ebpZ gm`^Z_lky \ hkh[hc khpbZevghc aZsbl_ ]hkm^Zjkl \Z

Bg\Zeb^hf k ^_lkl\Z y\ey_lky ebph dhlhjh_ ihke_ ^hklb`_gby

e_l khojZgbeh ijbagZdb bg\Zeb^ghklb b ijh^he`Z_l gm`^Zlvky \ hkh[hc khpbZevghc aZsbl_ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z

IjbagZgb_ ebpZ bg\Zeb^hf hkms_kl\ey_lky ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[hc f_^bdh khpbZevghc wdki_jlbau Ihjy^hd b mkeh\by ijbagZgby ebpZ bg\Zeb^hf mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky IjZ\bl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_ jZpbb

KlZlvy Ihgylb_ khpbZevghc aZsblu bg\Zeb^h\

KhpbZevgZy aZsblZ bg\Zeb^h\ kbkl_fZ ]ZjZglbjh\Zgguo ]hkm ^Zjkl\hf wdhghfbq_kdbo khpbZevguo b ijZ\h\uo f_j h[_ki_qb\Zx sbo bg\Zeb^Zf mkeh\by ^ey ij_h^he_gby aZf_s_gby dhfi_gkZpbb h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb b gZijZ\e_gguo gZ kha^Zgb_ bf jZ\ guo k ^jm]bfb ]jZ`^ZgZfb \hafh`ghkl_c mqZklby \ `bagb h[s_kl\Z

KlZlvy Ihgylb_ j_Z[beblZpbb bg\Zeb^h\

J_Z[beblZpby bg\Zeb^h\ kbkl_fZ f_^bpbgkdbo ikboheh]b q_kdbo i_^Z]h]bq_kdbo khpbZevgh wdhghfbq_kdbo f_jhijbylbc gZ ijZ\e_gguo gZ mkljZg_gb_ beb \hafh`gh [he__ ihegmx dhfi_gkZpbx h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb \ua\Zgguo gZjmr_gb_f a^hjh\vy kh klhcdbf jZkkljhckl\hf nmgdpbc hj]ZgbafZ P_evx j_Z[beblZpbb y\ eyxlky \hkklZgh\e_gb_ khpbZevgh]h klZlmkZ bg\Zeb^Z ^hklb`_gb_ bf fZl_jbZevghc g_aZ\bkbfhklb b _]h khpbZevgZy Z^ZilZpby

J_Z[beblZpby bg\Zeb^h\ \dexqZ_l \ k_[y

f_^bpbgkdmx j_Z[beblZpbx dhlhjZy khklhbl ba \hkklZgh \bl_evghc l_jZibb j_dhgkljmdlb\ghc objmj]bb ijhl_abjh\Zgby b hjl_abjh\Zgby

ijhn_kkbhgZevgmx j_Z[beblZpbx bg\Zeb^h\ dhlhjZy kh klhbl ba ijhn_kkbhgZevghc hjb_glZpbb ijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h h[ jZah\Zgby ijhn_kkbhgZevgh ijhba\h^kl\_gghc Z^ZilZpbb b ljm ^hmkljhckl\Z

Kihkh[ghklv d h[s_gbx ² kihkh[ghklv d mklZgh\e_ gbx dhglZdlh\ f_`^m ex^vfb iml_f \hkijbylby i_j_jZ[hldb b i_j_ ^Zqb bgnhjfZpbb

Kihkh[ghklv dhgljhebjh\Zlv k\h_ ih\_^_gb_ ² kih kh[ghklv d hkhagZgbx k_[y b Z^_d\Zlghfm ih\_^_gbx k mq_lhf khpb Zevgh ijZ\h\uo ghjf

DeZkkbnbdZpby gZjmr_gbc nmgdpbc hj]ZgbafZ ih kl_ i_gb \ujZ`_gghklb

Dhfie_dkgZy hp_gdZ jZaebqguo dZq_kl\_gguo b dhebq_kl\_gguo ihdZaZl_e_c oZjZdl_jbamxsbo klhcdh_ gZjmr_gb_ nmgdpbc hj]Zgba fZ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l \u^_e_gb_ ij_bfms_kl\_ggh q_luj_o kl_i_g_c gZjmr_gbc

kl_i_gv g_agZqbl_evgu_ gZjmr_gby nmgdpbckl_i_gv mf_j_ggu_ gZjmr_gby nmgdpbckl_i_gv \ujZ`_ggu_ gZjmr_gby nmgdpbckl_i_gv agZqbl_evgh \ujZ`_ggu_ gZjmr_gby nmgdpbc

DeZkkbnbdZpby h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb ih kl_ i_gb \ujZ`_gghklb

H]jZgbq_gb_ kZfhh[kem`b\Zgby

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx k bkihevah\Zgb_f \kihfh]Zl_evguo kj_^kl\

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx k bkihevah\Zgb_f \kihfh]Zl_evguo kj_^kl\ b beb ihfhsv ^jm]bo ebp

kl_i_gv g_kihkh[ghklv d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx b ihegZy aZ\bkb fhklv hl ^jm]bo ebp

H]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d kZfhklhyl_evghfm i_j_

^\b`_gbx

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d kZfhklhyl_evghfm i_j_^\b`_gbx ijb [he__ ^ebl_evghc aZljZl_ \j_f_gb ^jh[ghklb \uiheg_gby b khdjZ s_gby jZkklhygby

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d kZfhklhyl_evghfm i_j_^\b`_gbx k bk ihevah\Zgb_f \kihfh]Zl_evguo kj_^kl\ b beb ihfhsvx ^jm]bo ebp

kl_i_gv g_kihkh[ghklv d kZfhklhyl_evghfm i_j_^\b`_gbx b ihegZy aZ\bkbfhklv hl ^jm]bo ebp

H]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d h[mq_gbxkl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d h[mq_gbx \ mq_[guo aZ\_^_gbyo h[s_

]h lbiZ ijb kh[ex^_gbb ki_pbZevgh]h j_`bfZ mq_[gh]h ijhp_kkZ bbeb k bkihevah\Zgb_f \kihfh]Zl_evguo kj_^kl\ k ihfhsvx ^jm]bo ebp djhf_ h[mqZxs_]h i_jkhgZeZ

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d h[mq_gbx lhevdh \ ki_pbZevguo mq_[guo aZ\_^_gbyo beb ih ki_pbZevguf ijh]jZffZf \ ^hfZrgbo mkeh\byo

kl_i_gv g_kihkh[ghklv d h[mq_gbx

H]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb

kl_i_gv kihkh[ghklv d \uiheg_gbx ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb ijb mkeh\bb kgb`_gby d\ZebnbdZpbb beb mf_gvr_gby h[t_fZ ijhba

J_Z[beblZpbhgguc ijh]gha ² ij_^iheZ]Z_fZy \_jhylghklv j_ZebaZpbb j_Z[beblZpbhggh]h ihl_gpbZeZ

Ki_pbZevgh kha^Zggu_ mkeh\by ljm^h\hc [ulh \hc b h[s_kl\_gghc ^_yl_evghklb ² ki_pbnbq_kdb_ kZgblZjgh ]b]b_gbq_kdb_ hj]ZgbaZpbhggu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ l_ogheh]bq_kdb_ ijZ \h\u_ wdhghfbq_kdb_ fbdjhkhpbZevgu_ nZdlhju iha\heyxsb_ bg \Zeb^m hkms_kl\eylv ljm^h\mx [ulh\mx b h[s_kl\_ggmx ^_yl_ev ghklv \ khhl\_lkl\bb k _]h j_Z[beblZpbhgguf ihl_gpbZehf

Ijhn_kkby ² jh^ ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb aZgy lbc q_eh\_dZ \eZ^_xs_]h dhfie_dkhf ki_pbZevguo agZgbc mf_gbc b gZ\udh\ ihemq_gguo iml_f h[jZah\Zgby h[mq_gby Hkgh\ghc ijh n_kkb_c ke_^m_l kqblZlv \uihegy_fmx jZ[hlm gZb[he__ \ukhdhc d\Z ebnbdZpbb beb jZ[hlm \uihegy_fmx [he__ ^ebl_evgh_ \j_fy

Ki_pbZevghklv ² \b^ ijhn_kkbhgZevghc ^_y l_evghklb mkh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgghc iml_f ki_pbZevghc ih^]hlh\db hi j_^_e_ggZy h[eZklv ljm^Z agZgby

D\ZebnbdZpby ² mjh\_gv ih^]hlh\e_gghklb fZkl_jkl\Z kl_i_gv ]h^ghklb d \uiheg_gbx ljm^Z ih hij_^_e_gghc ki_pbZevghklb beb ^he`ghklb hij_^_ey_fuc jZajy^hf deZkkhf a\Zgb_f b ^jm]bfb d\ZebnbdZpbhggufb dZl_]hjbyfb

DeZkkbnbdZpby gZjmr_gbc hkgh\guo nmgdpbc hj]ZgbafZ q_eh\_dZ

GZjmr_gby ikbobq_kdbo nmgdpbc \hkijbylby \gbfZ gby iZfylb fure_gby j_qb wfhpbc \heb

GZjmr_gby k_gkhjguo nmgdpbc aj_gby kemoZ h[hgy gby hkyaZgby

GZjmr_gb_ klZlh^bgZfbq_kdhc nmgdpbb

GZjmr_gb_ nmgdpbc djh\hh[jZs_gby ^uoZgby ibs_ \Zj_gby \u^_e_gby h[f_gZ \_s_kl\ b wg_j]bb \gmlj_gg_c k_dj_pbb

DeZkkbnbdZpby hkgh\guo dZl_]hjbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb

Kihkh[ghklv d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx ² kihkh[ ghklv kZfhklhyl_evgh m^h\e_l\hjylv hkgh\gu_ nbabq_kdb_ ihlj_[ ghklb \uihegylv ih\k_^g_\gmx [ulh\mx ^_yl_evghklv b gZ\udb ebqghc ]b]b_gu

Kihkh[ghklv d kZfhklhyl_evghfm i_j_^\b`_gbx ² kihkh[ghklv kZfhklhyl_evgh i_j_f_sZlvky \ ijhkljZgkl\_ ij_h^h e_\Zlv ij_iylkl\by khojZgylv jZ\gh\_kb_ l_eZ \ jZfdZo \uihegy_ fhc [ulh\hc h[s_kl\_gghc ijhn_kkbhgZevghc ^_yl_evghklb

Kihkh[ghklv d h[mq_gbx²kihkh[ghklv d \hkijbylbx b \hkijhba\_^_gbx agZgbc h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguo ijhn_kkbhgZev guo b ^j h\eZ^_gbx gZ\udZfb b mf_gbyfb khpbZevgufb dmevlmj gufb b [ulh\ufb

Kihkh[ghklv d ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb ²kihkh[ghklv hkms_kl\eylv ^_yl_evghklv \ khhl\_lkl\bb k lj_[h\Zgbyfb d kh^_j `Zgbx h[t_fm b mkeh\byf \uiheg_gby jZ[hlu

Kihkh[ghklv d hjb_glZpbb ² kihkh[ghklv hij_^_ eylvky \h \j_f_gb b ijhkljZgkl\_

khpbZevgmx j_Z[beblZpbx bg\Zeb^h\ dhlhjZy khklhbl ba khpbZevgh kj_^h\hc hjb_glZpbb b khpbZevgh [ulh\hc Z^ZilZpbb

KlZlvy F_^bpbgkdZy ihfhsv bg\Zeb^Zf

HdZaZgb_ d\Zebnbpbjh\Zgghc f_^bpbgkdhc ihfhsb bg\Zeb^Zf \dexqZy e_dZjkl\_ggh_ h[_ki_q_gb_ hkms_kl\ey_lky [_kieZlgh beb gZ ev]hlguo mkeh\byo ^_lyf bg\Zeb^Zf b bg\Zeb^Zf k ^_lkl\Z [_k ieZlgh \ khhl\_lkl\bb k aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb b aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

Ihjy^hd b mkeh\by hdZaZgby d\Zebnbpbjh\Zgghc f_^bpbgkdhc ihfhsb jZaebqguf dZl_]hjbyf bg\Zeb^h\ hij_^_eyxlky IjZ\bl_ev kl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

F_^bpbgkdZy j_Z[beblZpby bg\Zeb^h\ ijh\h^blky \ jZfdZo n_ ^_jZevghc [Zah\hc ijh]jZffu h[yaZl_evgh]h f_^bpbgkdh]h kljZoh\Z gby gZk_e_gby Jhkkbckdhc n_^_jZpbb aZ kq_l kj_^kl\ n_^_jZevgh]h b l_jjblhjbZevguo nhg^h\ h[yaZl_evgh]h f_^bpbgkdh]h kljZoh\Zgby F_^bpbgkdZy j_Z[beblZpby ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ b bg\Zeb^h\ k ^_lkl\Z \ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo b fmgbpbiZevguo mqj_`^_gbyo hkms_kl\ey_lky [_k ieZlgh

KlZlvy H[_ki_q_gb_ bg\Zeb^h\ `behc iehsZ^vx

Bg\Zeb^u b k_fvb bf_xsb_ ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ b bg\Zeb^h\ k ^_lkl\Z gm`^Zxsb_ky \ memqr_gbb `bebsguo mkeh\bc ijbgbfZxlky gZ mq_l b h[_ki_qb\Zxlky `beufb ihf_s_gbyfb k mq_lhf ev]hl ij_ ^mkfhlj_gguo aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc n_^_jZpbb b aZdhgh^Z l_evkl\hf km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

@beu_ ihf_s_gby ij_^hklZ\eyxlky bg\Zeb^Zf k_fvyf bf_x sbf ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ b bg\Zeb^h\ k ^_lkl\Z k mq_lhf khklhygby a^h jh\vy b ^jm]bo aZkem`b\Zxsbo \gbfZgby h[klhyl_evkl\ Bg\Zeb^u bf_xl ijZ\h gZ ^hihegbl_evgmx `bemx iehsZ^v \ \b^_ hl^_evghc dhfgZlu \ khhl\_lkl\bb k i_j_qg_f aZ[he_\Zgbc ml\_j`^Z_fuf IjZ \bl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

MdZaZggh_ ijZ\h mqblu\Z_lky ijb ihklZgh\d_ gZ mq_l ^ey memq r_gby `bebsguo mkeh\bc b ij_^hklZ\e_gbb `beh]h ihf_s_gby \ ^h fZo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h beb fmgbpbiZevgh]h `bebsgh]h nhg^Z >h ihegbl_evgZy `beZy iehsZ^v aZgbfZ_fZy bg\Zeb^hf g_aZ\bkbfh hl lh]h \ \b^_ hl^_evghc dhfgZlu beb g_l g_ kqblZ_lky baebrg_c b ih^e_`bl hieZl_ \ h^bgZjghf jZaf_j_ k mq_lhf ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo ev]hl

K_fvb dhlhju_ bf_xl ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ b bg\Zeb^h\ k ^_lkl\Z _keb bg\Zeb^u ^Zgguo dZl_]hjbc kljZ^Zxl gZjmr_gbyfb nmgdpbc hihjgh ^\b]Zl_evgh]h ZiiZjZlZ b ijbf_gyxl dj_keZ dheykdb b ih^t _fgbdb ijbgbfZxlky gZ mq_l ^ey memqr_gby `bebsguo mkeh\bc b h[_ki_qb\Zxlky `beufb ihf_s_gbyfb \ i_j\hhq_j_^ghf ihjy^d_ k

mq_lhf ijZ\Z bg\Zeb^h\ ^Zgguo dZl_]hjbc gZ ^hihegbl_evgmx `bemx iehsZ^v

@beu_ ihf_s_gby aZgbfZ_fu_ bg\Zeb^Zfb h[hjm^mxlky ki_ pbZevgufb kj_^kl\Zfb b ijbkihkh[e_gbyfb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bg^b\b ^mZevghc ijh]jZffhc j_Z[beblZpbb bg\Zeb^Z

Bg\Zeb^u ijh`b\Zxsb_ \ klZpbhgZjguo mqj_`^_gbyo khpb Zevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby b `_eZxsb_ ihemqblv `beh_ ihf_s_gb_ ih ^h]h\hjm gZcfZ beb Zj_g^u ih^e_`Zl ijbgylbx gZ mq_l ^ey memq r_gby `bebsguo mkeh\bc g_aZ\bkbfh hl jZaf_jZ aZgbfZ_fhc ieh sZ^b b h[_ki_qb\Zxlky `beufb ihf_s_gbyfb gZjZ\g_ k ^jm]bfb bg\Zeb^Zfb

>_lb bg\Zeb^u b bg\Zeb^u k ^_lkl\Z ijh`b\Zxsb_ \ klZpbh gZjguo mqj_`^_gbyo khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby y\eyxsb_ky kbjhlZ fb beb ebr_ggu_ ihi_qbl_evkl\Z jh^bl_e_c ih ^hklb`_gbb \hajZklZ

e_l ih^e_`Zl h[_ki_q_gbx `beufb ihf_s_gbyfb \g_ hq_j_^b Ijb ihf_s_gbb ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ b bg\Zeb^h\ k ^_lkl\Z \ j_Z

[beblZpbhggu_ mqj_`^_gby =hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[u j_Z[beblZpbb bg\Zeb^h\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ beb fmgbpbiZevgu_ mqj_`^_gby a^jZ\h hojZg_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ beb fmgbpbiZevgu_ h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ mqj_`^_gby aZ bg\Zeb^Zfb ^Zgguo dZl_]hjbc khojZgy_lky ijZ\h ihev ah\Zgby `beufb ihf_s_gbyfb \ dhlhjuo hgb ijh`b\Zeb k jh^bl_ey fb beb hi_dmgZfb ihi_qbl_eyfb \ l_q_gb_ \k_]h \j_f_gb ij_[u\Z gby ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ b bg\Zeb^h\ k ^_lkl\Z \ mdZaZgguo mqj_`^_gbyo

@beh_ ihf_s_gb_ \ ^hfZo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h fmgbpbiZevgh]h b h[s_kl\_ggh]h `bebsgh]h nhg^Z aZgbfZ_fh_ bg\Zeb^hf ih ^h]h\hjm gZcfZ beb Zj_g^u ijb ihf_s_gbb bg\Zeb^Z \ klZpbhgZjgh_ mqj_`^_ gb_ khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby khojZgy_lky aZ gbf \ l_q_gb_ r_klb f_kyp_\

Ki_pbZevgh h[hjm^h\Zggu_ `beu_ ihf_s_gby \ ^hfZo ]hkm^Zj kl\_ggh]h fmgbpbiZevgh]h b h[s_kl\_ggh]h `bebsgh]h nhg^Z aZgb fZ_fu_ bg\Zeb^Zfb ih ^h]h\hjm gZcfZ beb Zj_g^u ijb bo hk\h[h` ^_gbb aZk_eyxlky \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v gm`^Zxsbfbky \ memqr_gbb `b ebsguo mkeh\bc ^jm]bfb bg\Zeb^Zfb

Bg\Zeb^Zf b k_fvyf bf_xsbf ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ k_fvyf bf_xsbf bg\Zeb^h\ k ^_lkl\Z gm`^Zxsboky \ ihklhygghf ihklhjhg g_f moh^_ ij_^hklZ\ey_lky kdb^dZ g_ gb`_ ijhp_glh\ k d\Zjlbj ghc ieZlu \ ^hfZo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h fmgbpbiZevgh]h b h[s_kl\_ggh ]h `bebsgh]h nhg^Z b hieZlu dhffmgZevguo mkem] g_aZ\bkbfh hl ijbgZ^e_`ghklb `bebsgh]h nhg^Z Z \ `beuo ^hfZo g_ bf_xsbo p_gljZevgh]h hlhie_gby kh klhbfhklb lhieb\Z ijbh[j_lZ_fh]h \ ij_^_eZo ghjf mklZgh\e_gguo ^ey ijh^Z`b gZk_e_gbx

Bg\Zeb^Zf b k_fvyf bf_xsbf \ k\h_f khklZ\_ bg\Zeb^h\ ij_ ^hklZ\ey_lky ijZ\h gZ i_j\hhq_j_^gh_ ihemq_gb_ a_f_evguo mqZkl dh\ ^ey bg^b\b^mZevgh]h `bebsgh]h kljhbl_evkl\Z \_^_gby ih^kh [gh]h b ^Zqgh]h ohayckl\Z b kZ^h\h^kl\Z

gbx `bag_^_yl_evghklb b \uau\Zxs__ g_h[oh^bfhklv _]h khpbZev ghc aZsblu

Bg\Zeb^ghklv khpbZevgZy g_^hklZlhqghklv \ke_^kl \b_ gZjmr_gby a^hjh\vy kh klhcdbf jZkkljhckl\hf nmgdpbc hj]Zgba fZ ijb\h^ysZy d h]jZgbq_gbx `bag_^_yl_evghklb b g_h[oh^bfhklb khpbZevghc aZsblu

A^hjh\v_ khklhygb_ ihegh]h nbabq_kdh]h ^mr_\gh]h b khpbZevgh]h [eZ]hihemqby Z g_ lhevdh hlkmlkl\b_ [he_agb beb ZgZ lhfbq_kdbo ^_n_dlh\

GZjmr_gb_ a^hjh\vy nbabq_kdh_ ^mr_\gh_ b khpb Zevgh_ g_[eZ]hihemqb_ k\yaZggh_ k ihl_j_c ZghfZeb_c jZkkljhc kl\hf ikboheh]bq_kdhc nbabheh]bq_kdhc ZgZlhfbq_kdhc kljmdlmju bbeb nmgdpbb hj]ZgbafZ q_eh\_dZ

H]jZgbq_gb_ `bag_^_yl_evghklb hldehg_gb_ hl ghj fu ^_yl_evghklb q_eh\_dZ \ke_^kl\b_ gZjmr_gby a^hjh\vy dhlhjh_ oZjZdl_jbam_lky h]jZgbq_gb_f kihkh[ghklb hkms_kl\eylv kZfhh[kem `b\Zgb_ i_j_^\b`_gb_ hjb_glZpbx h[s_gb_ dhgljhev aZ k\hbf ih \_^_gb_f h[mq_gb_ b ljm^h\mx ^_yl_evghklv

Kl_i_gv h]jZgbq_gby `bag_^_yl_evghklb \_ebqbgZ hldehg_gby hl ghjfu ^_yl_evghklb q_eh\_dZ \ke_^kl\b_ gZjmr_gby a^hjh\vy

KhpbZevgZy g_^hklZlhqghklv khpbZevgu_ ihke_^kl \by gZjmr_gby a^hjh\vy ijb\h^ysb_ d h]jZgbq_gbx `bag_^_yl_evgh klb q_eh\_dZ b g_h[oh^bfhklb _]h khpbZevghc aZsblu beb ihfhsb

KhpbZevgZy aZsblZ kbkl_fZ ]ZjZglbjh\Zgguo ]hkm ^Zjkl\hf ihklhygguo ba[beb ^he]h\j_f_gguo wdhghfbq_kdbo khpb Zevguo b ijZ\h\uo f_j h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo bg\Zeb^Zf mkeh\by ^ey ij_h^he_gby aZf_s_gby dhfi_gkZpbb h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_yl_ev ghklb b gZijZ\e_gguo gZ kha^Zgb_ bf jZ\guo k ^jm]bfb ]jZ`^ZgZfb \hafh`ghkl_c mqZklby \ `bagb h[s_kl\Z

KhpbZevgZy ihfhsv i_jbh^bq_kdb_ b beb j_]meyj gu_ f_jhijbylby kihkh[kl\mxsb_ mkljZg_gbx beb mf_gvr_gbx kh pbZevghc g_^hklZlhqghklb

KhpbZevgZy ih^^_j`dZ ²h^ghjZah\u_ beb wib ah^bq_kdb_ f_jhijbylby djZldh\j_f_ggh]h oZjZdl_jZ ijb hlkmlkl\bb ijbagZdh\ khpbZevghc g_^hklZlhqghklb

J_Z[beblZpby bg\Zeb^h\²ijhp_kk b kbkl_fZ f_^bpbgkdbo ikboheh]bq_kdbo i_^Z]h]bq_kdbo khpbZevgh wdhghfbq_kdbo f_jhijbylbc gZijZ\e_gguo gZ mkljZg_gb_ beb \ha fh`gh [he__ ihegmx dhfi_gkZpbx h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_yl_evgh klb \ua\Zgguo gZjmr_gb_f a^hjh\vy kh klhcdbf jZkkljhckl\hf nmgdpbc hj]ZgbafZ P_evx j_Z[beblZpbb y\eyxlky \hkklZgh\e_gb_ khpbZevgh]h klZlmkZ bg\Zeb^Z ^hklb`_gb_ bf fZl_jbZevghc g_aZ \bkbfhklb b _]h khpbZevgZy Z^ZilZpby

J_Z[beblZpbhgguc ihl_gpbZe dhfie_dk [bheh ]bq_kdbo b ikbohnbabheh]bq_kdbo oZjZdl_jbklbd q_eh\_dZ Z lZd`_ kh pbZevgh kj_^h\uo nZdlhjh\ iha\heyxsbo \ lhc beb bghc kl_i_gb j_Zebah\Zlv _]h ihl_gpbZevgu_ \hafh`ghklb