Скачиваний:
10
Добавлен:
04.09.2023
Размер:
2.8 Mб
Скачать

oZjZdl_jZ b kl_i_gb gZjmr_gby nmgdpbbdebgbq_kdhf ijh]gha_

khq_lZgghklb k iZlheh]b_c ^jm]bo kbkl_f hj]ZgbafZ jZk kljhckl\Z aj_gby j_qb gZjmr_gb_ \ g_j\gh ikbobq_kdhc kn_j_

\hajZklgh]h i_jbh^Z gZklmie_gby lm]hmohklbmjh\gy h[mqZ_fhklb [ulh\uf gZ\udZf

khklhygby jZa\blby j_qbmjh\gy ijhnhjb_glZpbb

hp_gdb fZl_jbZevgh [ulh\uo mkeh\bc \ k_fv_

aZ\bkbfhklb hl a\mdhmkbeb\Zxs_c ZiiZjZlmju b hl ^jm]bo ebp

Lm]hmohklv m ^_l_c ^h kemqZ_\ gZke_^kl\_ggh h[mkeh\e_gZ Djhf_ lh]h lm]hmohklv ^_l_c h[mkeh\e_gZ \jh`^_ggufb b ijbh[j_ l_ggufb nZdlhjZfb

< wdki_jlghc ijZdlbd_ ^he`gZ mqblu\Zlvky iZlheh]by ^jm]bo hj ]Zgh\ b kbkl_f qZklh khq_lZxsZyky k gZke_^kl\_ggh h[mkeh\e_gghc lm]hmohklvx iZlheh]by aj_gby ihq_d dhklgh fur_qghc kbkl_fu b ^j

LsZl_evgh kh[jZgguc ZgZfg_a iha\hey_l \uy\blv \jh`^_ggmx lm]hmohklv h[mkeh\e_ggmx i_j_g_k_gghc fZl_jvx \h \j_fy [_j_f_g ghklb bgn_dpb_c bglhdkbdZpb_c ljZ\fhc ]_fheblbq_kdhc Zg_fb_c gh\hjh`^_ggh]h ba aZ g_kh\f_klbfhklb ih j_amk nZdlhjm djh\b fZl_ jb b ieh^Z

<uy\e_gb_ ijbqbgu debgbq_kdhc nhjfu b l_q_gby ihjZ`_gby hj]ZgZ kemoZ ihfh]Zxl ijZ\bevgh hjb_glbjh\Zlvky ijb hij_^_e_gbb debgbq_kdh]h ijh]ghaZ b ijh\_^_gbb j_Z[beblZpbhgguo f_jhijbylbc Hkgh\gZy ijbqbgZ gZjmr_gby `bag_^_yl_evghklb ^_l_c k ih jZ`_gb_f hj]ZgZ kemoZ agZqbl_evgZy lm]hmohklv b h[mkeh\e_ggu_ _x

gZjmr_gby j_qb g_j\gh ikbobq_kdhc kn_ju

<uy\e_gb_ kgb`_gby kemoZ ijh\h^blky khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb \ha jZklm j_[_gdZ f_lh^Zfb

KhpbZevgZy ^bZ]ghklbdZ b wdki_jlgZy hp_gdZ \ hlghr_gbb ^_l_c k lm]hmohklvx b ]emohlhc \dexqZxl hp_gdm aZ\bkbfhklb bo hl h[_ki_ q_gghklb l_ogbq_kdbfb kj_^kl\Zfb b aZ\bkbfhklb hl ^jm]bo ebp >ey mf_gvr_gby h]jZgbq_gby `bag_^_yl_evghklb lj_[m_lky h[_ki_q_g ghklv a\mdhmkbeb\Zxs_c ZiiZjZlmjhc dZd bg^b\b^mZevgh]h lZd b dhe e_dlb\gh]h ihevah\Zgby hj]ZgbaZpby d\Zebnbpbjh\Zggh]h h[mq_gby ih jZa\blbx kemoZ j_qb J_Z[beblZpby ^_l_c k hlkmlkl\b_f kemoZ lj_[m_l rbjhdh]h ijb\e_q_gby jh^bl_e_c d \uiheg_gbx kemoh\hc jZ [hlu k ^_lvfb \ ^hfZrgbo mkeh\byo ^ey q_]h jh^bl_e_c g_h[oh^bfh h[mqZlv f_lh^Zf kemoh\hc jZ[hlu

>ey ijZ\bevghc hp_gdb kemoh\hc nmgdpbb b \uy\e_gby hklZldh\ kemoZ g_h[oh^bfh g_h^ghdjZlgh_ bkke_^h\Zgb_ kemoZ \ l_q_gb_

H aZgylhklb gZk_e_gby \ JN hl ] ‹,\ j_^Zdpbb

hl ]

Ba\e_q_gb_

KlZlvy =hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy iheblbdZ \ h[eZklb kh^_ckl\by aZgylhklb gZk_e_gby

=hkm^Zjkl\h ijh\h^bl iheblbdm kh^_ckl\by j_ZebaZpbb ijZ\ ]jZ`^Zg gZ ihegmx ijh^mdlb\gmx b k\h[h^gh ba[jZggmx aZgylhklv

=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy iheblbdZ \ h[eZklb kh^_ckl\by aZgylhklb gZk_e_gby gZijZ\e_gZ gZ

h[_ki_q_gb_ khpbZevghc aZsblu \ h[eZklb aZgylhklb gZk_e_gby ijh\_^_gb_ ki_pbZevguo f_jhijbylbc kihkh[kl\mxsbo h[_ki_q_gbx aZgylhklb ]jZ`^Zg hkh[h gm`^Zxsboky \ khpbZevghc aZsbl_ b bkiu lu\Zxsbo ljm^ghklb \ ihbkd_ jZ[hlu bg\Zeb^u ]jZ`^Zg_ bf_xsb_ gZ kh^_j`Zgbb ebp dhlhjuf ih aZdexq_gbx miheghfhq_ggh]h gZ lh hj]ZgZ g_h[oh^bfu ihklhygguc moh^ ihfhsv beb gZ^ahj ebpZ hk\h [h`^_ggu_ ba f_kl ebr_gby k\h[h^u fheh^_`v \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l \i_j\u_ bsmsZy jZ[hlm ebpZ ij_^i_gkbhggh]h \hajZklZ aZ ^\Z ]h^Z ^h gZklmie_gby \hajZklZ ^Zxs_]h ijZ\h \uoh^Z gZ i_gkbx ih klZ jhklb ih \hajZklm [_`_gpu b \ugm`^_ggu_ i_j_k_e_gpu ]jZ`^Zg_ m\he_ggu_ k \h_gghc kem`[u b qe_gu bo k_f_c h^bghdb_ b fgh]h^_l gu_ jh^bl_eb \hkiblu\Zxsb_ g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbc ^_l_c ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ k_fvb \ dhlhjuo h[Z jh^bl_ey ijbagZgu [_ajZ[hlgufb ]jZ`^Zg_ ih^\_j]rb_ky \ha^_ckl\bx jZ^bZpbb \ke_^kl\b_ q_jgh [uevkdhc b ^jm]bo jZ^bZpbhgguo Z\Zjbc b dZlZkljhn

KlZlvy >hihegbl_evgu_ ]ZjZglbb aZgylhklb ^ey hl ^_evguo dZl_]hjbc gZk_e_gby

=hkm^Zjkl\h h[_ki_qb\Z_l ^hihegbl_evgu_ ]ZjZglbb ]jZ` ^ZgZf hkh[h gm`^Zxsbfky \ khpbZevghc aZsbl_ b bkiulu\Zxsbf ljm^ghklb \ ihbkd_ jZ[hlu iml_f jZajZ[hldb b j_ZebaZpbb p_e_\uo ijh]jZff kh^_ckl\by aZgylhklb kha^Zgby ^hihegbl_evguo jZ[hqbo f_kl b ki_pbZebabjh\Zgguo hj]ZgbaZpbc \dexqZy hj]ZgbaZpbb ^ey ljm^Z bg\Zeb^h\ mklZgh\e_gby d\hlu ^ey ijb_fZ gZ jZ[hlm bg\Zeb ^h\ ij_^hklZ\e_gby mkem] ih ijhn_kkbhgZevghc hjb_glZpbb Z lZd`_ iml_f hj]ZgbaZpbb h[mq_gby ih ki_pbZevguf ijh]jZffZf b ^jm]bfb f_ljZfb

D\hlZ ^ey ijb_fZ gZ jZ[hlm bg\Zeb^h\ mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k N_^_jZevguf aZdhghf©H khpbZevghc aZsbl_ bg\Zeb ^h\ \ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbbª

F_oZgbaf \\_^_gby d\hlu b __ jZaf_j hij_^_eyxlky IjZ\bl_ev kl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

=jZ`^ZgZf \uk\h[h`^Z_fuf ba hj]ZgbaZpbc \ k\yab k kh djZs_gb_f qbke_gghklb beb rlZlZ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k aZdexq_ggufb dhee_dlb\gufb ^h]h\hjZfb kh]eZr_gbyfb ]ZjZglbjmxlky ihke_

m\hevg_gby khojZg_gb_ hq_j_^b gZ ihemq_gb_ `bevy memqr_gb_ `b ebsguo mkeh\bc ih ij_`g_fm f_klm jZ[hlu Z lZd`_ \hafh`ghklv ihevah\Zlvky e_q_[gufb mqj_`^_gbyfb Z bo ^_lyf ^_lkdbfb ^hrdh evgufb mqj_`^_gbyfb gZ jZ\guo mkeh\byo k ]jZ`^ZgZfb jZ[hlZx sbfb \ ^Zgghc hj]ZgbaZpbb

©H ih^hoh^ghf gZeh]_ k nbabq_kdbo ebpªhl ] ‹

k baf_g_gbyfb gZ ]

Ba\e_q_gb_

KlZlvy >hoh^u g_ ih^e_`Zsb_ gZeh]hh[eh`_gbx

< p_eyo gZeh]hh[eh`_gby \ kh\hdmiguc ^hoh^ ihemq_gguc nbabq_kdbfb ebpZfb \ gZeh]hh[eZ]Z_fuc i_jbh^ g_ \dexqZxlky

Z ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ ihkh[by \uieZqb\Z_fu_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb djhf_ ihkh[bc ih \j_f_g ghc g_ljm^hkihkh[ghklb \ lhf qbke_ ih moh^m aZ [hevguf j_[_gdhf [ \k_ \b^u i_gkbc gZagZqZ_fuo \ ihjy^d_ mklZgh\e_gghf i_g kbhgguf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb Z lZd`_ ^h ihegbl_evgu_ i_gkbb \uieZqb\Z_fu_ gZ mkeh\byo ^h[jh\hevgh]h

kljZoh\Zgby i_gkbc

d kmffu fZl_jbZevghc ihfhsb g_aZ\bkbfh hl __ jZaf_jZ hdZ au\Z_fhc \ k\yab kh klbobcgufb [_^kl\byfb ^jm]bfb qj_a\uqZcgu fb h[klhyl_evkl\Zfb \ p_eyo \haf_s_gby ijbqbg_ggh]h ms_j[Z beb ms_j[Z a^hjh\vx gZ hkgh\Zgbb j_r_gbc hj]Zgh\ aZdhgh^Zl_evghcij_^klZ\bl_evghc b beb bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb hj]Zgh\ f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby bghkljZggufb ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb Z lZd`_ kha^Zggufb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k f_`^mgZjh^gufb ^h]h\hjZfb Jhkkbckdhc n_^_jZpbb ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggufb b g_ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggufb f_`]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb kmffu hdZau\Z_fhc \ ^jm]bo kemqZyo fZl_jbZevghc ihfhsb \ ij_^_eZo ^h ^\_gZ^pZlbdjZlgh]h mklZgh\e_ggh]h aZdhghf jZaf_jZ fbgbfZevghc f_kyqghc hieZlu ljm^Z \ ]h^ \dexqbl_evgh

n kljZoh\u_ \uieZlu ihemqZ_fu_ nbabq_kdbfb ebpZfb ih h[y aZl_evghfm ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfm kljZoh\Zgbx beb ih ^h]h\hjZf ^h[jh \hevgh]h kljZoh\Zgby aZ bkdexq_gb_f l_o kemqZ_\ dh]^Z kljZoh\u_ \aghku ih ^h[jh\hevghfm kljZoh\Zgbx hkms_kl\eyxlky aZ kq_l kj_^kl\ ij_^ijbylby mqj_`^_gby beb hj]ZgbaZpbb Z lZd`_ ^jm]bo jZ [hlh^Zl_e_c

y kmffu mieZq_ggu_ ij_^ijbylbyfb mqj_`^_gbyfb b hj]Zgb aZpbyfb k\hbf jZ[hlgbdZf b beb qe_gZf bo k_f_c beb aZ gbo \ ih jy^d_ iheghc beb qZklbqghc dhfi_gkZpbb klhbfhklb iml_\hd ^ey ^_ l_c b ih^jhkldh\ \ ^_lkdb_ b ^jm]b_ ha^hjh\bl_evgu_ mqj_`^_gby kZ gZlhjgh dmjhjlgu_ mqj_`^_gby ki_pbZevgh ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey hl ^uoZ jh^bl_e_c k ^_lvfb Z lZd`_ kmffu hieZlu klhbfhklb iml_\hd \ kZgZlhjgh dmjhjlgu_ b ^jm]b_ ha^hjh\bl_evgu_ mqj_`^_gby aZ kq_l kj_^kl\ Nhg^Z khpbZevgh]h kljZoh\Zgby Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb klh

b beb ^jm]bo ebp eb[h ijb gZebqbb ki_pbZevguo mkeh\bc

Wlb h]jZgbq_gby ihqlb \k_o dZl_]hjbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb \ke_^kl\b_ aZ[he_\Zgby ]eZa kh klhcdbf gZjmr_gb_f nmgdpbc hj]ZgZ aj_gby ijb\_eb d gZjmr_gbyf khpbZevgh [ulh\h]h klZlmkZ b k mq_lhf kj_^g_]h mjh\gy Z^ZilZpbb d ajbl_evghfm ^_n_dlm b khfgbl_evgh]h debgbq_kdh]h b j_Z[beblZpbhggh]h ijh]ghaZ h[mkeh\beb khpbZevgmx g_^hklZlhqghklv j_[_gdZ b ihlj_[ghklv _]h \ f_jZo khpbZevghc ih fhsb b aZsblu

;hevghfm ihdZaZgh khklZ\e_gb_ bg^b\b^mZevghc ijh]jZffu j_Z[beblZpbb ih jZa^_eZf

F_^bpbgkdZy j_Z[beblZpby d_jZlhieZklbdZ e_q_gb_ dhjj_dpby

KhpbZevgZy j_Z[beblZpby h[mq_gb_

Ikboheh]bq_kdZy dhjj_dpby

F_lh^bq_kdb_ ih^oh^u d hij_^_e_gbx bg\Zeb^ghklb ijb iZlheh]bb hj]ZgZ kemoZ m ^_l_c

GZjmr_gb_ nmgdpbb hj]ZgZ kemoZ bf__l h]jhfgh_ \ebygb_ gZ `bag_^_yl_evghklv ebqghklb

GZb[he__ hkljh wlh hsmsZ_lky \ ^_lkdhf \hajZkl_ dh]^Z gZ hk gh\_ kemoZ nhjfbjmxlky j_qv ikbobq_kdb_ nmgdpbb Kemoh\Zy nmgd pby ijhy\ey_lky m`_ \ i_jbh^ gh\hjh`^_gghklb

M ^_l_c k ghjfZevguf kemohf ijhbkoh^bl [ukljh_ nhjfbjh \Zgb_ b kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_ j_qb

Fgh]b_ ^_lb d dhgpm ]h ]h^Z ]h\hjyl ^ebggufb njZaZfb k oh jhrbf ]jZffZlbq_kdbf kljh_f Kgb`_gb_ kemoZ \ wlhf \hajZkl_ ij_ iylkl\m_l nhjfbjh\Zgbx mf_gby kemrZlv ihgbfZlv \hkijhba\h^blv j_qv AgZqbl_evgh \ujZ`_ggZy lm]hmohklv fh`_l ijb\_klb d hlkmlkl \bx j_qb g_fhl_ d aZljm^g_gbx \ h[s_gbb \ ihagZ\Zl_evghc ^_y l_evghklb j_[_gdZ

Kgb`_gb_ kemoZ aZljm^gy_l b]jh\mx ^_yl_evghklv bgl_]jZpbx j_[_gdZ \ h[s_kl\h k\_jklgbdh\ ijbh[j_l_gb_ gZ\udh\ ljm^h\hc ^_yl_evghklb agZgbc h[mq_gb_ \ rdhe_

M iha^ghh]ehorbo ^_l_c k jZa\blhc j_qvx fh`_l baf_gblvky j_qv Hlkmlkl\b_ kemoZ \ \hajZkl_ e_l fh`_l hljZ`Zlvky gZ hl ghr_gbb d hdjm`Zxsbf d k_[_ gZ nhjfbjh\Zgbb gjZ\kl\_gguo dZ q_kl\ \ujZ[hld_ kbkl_fu p_gghkl_c fh`_l ij_iylkl\h\Zlv \h\e_q_ gbx \ ijhp_kk ijhn_kkbhgZevghc ih^]hlh\db

< k\yab k wlbf ijbh[j_lZ_l \Z`gh_ agZq_gb_ ijZ\bevgh_ b k\h_ \j_f_ggh_ hij_^_e_gb_ gZjmr_gby kemoh\hc nmgdpbb m ^_l_c hp_gdZ h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb khpbZevguo ihke_^kl\bc gZjmr_gbc kemoZ hij_^_e_gb_ ihlj_[ghkl_c \ f_jZo khpbZevghc aZsblu

Hp_gdZ khpbZevguo ihke_^kl\bc ]emohlu b lm]hmohklb hkgh\u \Z_lky gZ ZgZeba_ ke_^mxsbo nZdlhjh\

debgbq_kdhc nhjfu l_q_gby b ijbqbg ihjZ`_gby hj]ZgZ kem oZ

klZpbhgZj_ aZl_f \ ]eZaghf dZ[bg_l_ ^_lkdhc ihebdebgbdb

HnlZevfheh]bq_kdbc klZlmk

HB kihdhcgu_ Ihfmlg_gb_ jh]h\bpu h]jZgbq_ggh_ klhcdh_ \

ih\_joghklguo b kj_^gbo kehyo k ehdZebaZpb_c \ hilbq_kdhc ahg_\lhjhc dZl_]hjbb g_agZqbl_evgZy ih\_joghklgZy \ZkdmeyjbaZpby ahgu ihfmlg_gby LZdlbevgZy qm\kl\bl_evghklv jh]h\bpu kgb`_gZ nexhj_kpbgh\Zy ijh[Z hljbpZl_evgZy IjhkfZljb\Z_fu_ mqZkldb i_j_^g_c dZf_ju kj_^g_c ]em[bgu JZ^m`dZ kihdhcgZy jbkmghd __ \ujZ`_g ohjhrh p\_l g_ baf_g_g AjZqhd \ p_glj_ djm]euc kj_^g_c rbjbgu OjmklZebd ijhajZqguc Ih^^Zxsb_ky hkfhljm mqZkldb ]eZa gh]h ^gZ [_a \b^bfhc iZlheh]bb >AG h[uqghc hdjZkdb Oh^ b dZeb[j khkm^h\ g_ baf_g_g

HkljhlZ aj_gby H> g_ dhjj_]bjm_l 26g_ dhjj_]bjm_l

Ihe_ aj_gby i_jbn_jbq_kdb_ ]jZgbpu ghjfZevgu_ \uy\ eyxlky p_gljZevgu_ kdhlhfu \ ²]jZ^mkh\ gZ HB WNB bkke_ ^h\Zgby ihjh] WQ fd: eZ[bevghklv =p DQKF i k_d

Ajbl_evgZy jZ[hlhkihkh[ghklv g_ hij_^_ey_lky

Debgbdh nmgdpbhgZevguc ^bZ]gha

Ihfmlg_gb_ jh]h\bpu \lhjhc dZl_]hjbb h[hbo ]eZa \ke_^kl\b_ i_j_g_k_gghc dhj_\hc djZkgmob ,,, kl_i_gv nmgdpbhgZevguo gZjmr_ gbc kh kgb`_gb_f hkljhlu aj_gby ijZ\h]h ]eZaZ ^h g_ dhjj e_ \h]h ]eZaZ ^h g_ dhjj

L_q_gb_ aZ[he_\Zgby g_ ijh]j_kkbjmxs__ GZjmr_gb_ nmgd pbc aj_gby Debgbq_kdbc ijh]gha khfgbl_evguc KhpbZevgh [ulh\hc klZlmk gZjmr_g Ijb ikboheh]bq_kdhf h[ke_^h\Zgbb \uy\eyxlky jZkkljhckl\Z g_dhlhjuo ikbobq_kdbo nmgdpbc \ hkgh\ghf wfhpbh gZevgh \he_\hc kn_ju \lhjhc kl_i_gb \ujZ`_gghklb

Mjh\_gv Z^ZilZpbb d ajbl_evghfm ^_n_dlm±kj_^gbc H]jZgbq_gb_ `bag_^_yl_evghklb

h]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx kl_i_gbh]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d h[mq_gbx kl_i_gb

h]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d i_j_^\b`_gbx kl_i_gbh]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d hjb_glZpbb kl_i_gbh]jZgbq_gb_ kihkh[ghklb d h[s_gbx kl_i_gb J_Z[beblZpbhgguc ijh]gha khfgbl_evguc

F_^bdh khpbZevgh_ wdki_jlgh_ aZdexq_gb_ j_[_ghd bg\Zeb^khhl\_lkl\m_l \lhjhc ]jmii_ bg\Zeb^ghklb kjhdhf gZ h^bg ]h^

H[hkgh\Zgb_ f_^bdh khpbZevgh]h wdki_jlgh]h aZdexq_gby Bf_xsb_ky m j_[_gdZ \ke_^kl\b_ aZ[he_\Zgby ]eZa gZjmr_gby nmgd pbc ajbl_evgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZ keZ[h\b^_gb_ \ukhdhc kl_i_gb ijb\_ eb d h]jZgbq_gbx kl_i_gb _]h kihkh[ghklb d hkms_kl\e_gbx hkgh\ guo khpbZevgh agZqbfuo dZl_]hjbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb b ^_eZxl \ha fh`guf bo \uiheg_gb_ ebrv ijb ihfhsb \kihfh]Zl_evguo kj_^kl\

bfhklv Zf[meZlhjgh]h beb klZpbhgZjgh]h f_^bpbgkdh]h h[kem`b\Zgby k\hbo jZ[hlgbdh\ b beb qe_gh\ bo k_f_c

D mdZaZgguf \uieZlZf hlghkylky lZd`_ kmffu mieZq_ggu_ aZ bg\Zeb^h\ ij_^ijbylbyfb mqj_`^_gbyfb b hj]ZgbaZpbyfb \ ihjy^d_ iheghc beb qZklbqghc hieZlu iml_\hd \ ha^hjh\bl_evgu_ b kZgZlhj gh dmjhjlgu_ mqj_`^_gby jZkoh^h\ gZ e_q_gb_ b f_^bpbgkdh_ h[kem `b\Zgb_ ijbh[j_l_gb_ l_ogbq_kdbo kj_^kl\ ijhnbeZdlbdb bg\Zeb^ ghklb b j_Z[beblZpbb bg\Zeb^h\ Z lZd`_ jZkoh^h\ gZ ijbh[j_l_gb_ b ih kh^_j`Zgbx kh[Zd ijh\h^gbdh\

Kh\hdmiguc ^hoh^ ihemq_gguc \ gZeh]hh[eZ]Z_fhf i_jbh ^_ mf_gvrZ_lky gZ kmffm ^hoh^Z g_ ij_\urZxs_]h aZ dZ`^uc ihe guc f_kyp \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h ihemq_g ^hoh^ iylbdjZlgh]h mklZgh\ e_ggh]h aZdhghf jZaf_jZ fbgbfZevghc f_kyqghc hieZlu ljm^Z m ke_ ^mxsbo nbabq_kdbo ebp

] bg\Zeb^h\ Z[a bg\Zeb^h\ k ^_lkl\Z Z lZd`_ bg\Zeb^h\,b,,]jmiiu

Kh\hdmiguc ^hoh^ ihemq_gguc \ gZeh]hh[eZ]Z_fhf i_jbh ^_ mf_gvrZ_lky gZ kmffm ^hoh^Z g_ ij_\urZxs_]h aZ dZ`^uc ihe guc f_kyp \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h ihemq_g ^hoh^ lj_odjZlgh]h mklZgh\ e_ggh]h aZdhghf jZaf_jZ fbgbfZevghc f_kyqghc hieZlu ljm^Z m ke_ ^mxsbo nbabq_kdbo ebp

\ h^gh]h ba jh^bl_e_c ih bo \u[hjm kmijm]Z hi_dmgZ beb ihi_qbl_ey gZ kh^_j`Zgbb m dhlhjh]h gZoh^blky kh\f_klgh k gbf ijh`b\Zxsbc b lj_[mxsbc ihklhyggh]h moh^Z bg\Zeb^ k ^_lkl\Z beb bg\Zeb^,]jmiiu Ev]hlZ ij_^hklZ\ey_lky gZ hkgh\Zgbb i_gkb hggh]h m^hklh\_j_gby j_r_gbc hj]Zgh\ hi_db b ihi_qbl_evkl\Z f_^bpbgkdhc kijZ\db hj]Zgh\ a^jZ\hhojZg_gby ih^l\_j`^Zxs_c g_h[oh^bfhklv ihklhyggh]h moh ^Z b kijZ\db `bebsgh]h hj]ZgZ h kh\f_klghf ijh`b\Zgbb

Ijb gZebqbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k gZklhysbf AZdhghf ijZ\Z gZ mf_gvr_gb_ ihemq_ggh]h kh\hdmigh]h ^hoh^Z h^gh\j_f_ggh ih g_ kdhevdbf hkgh\Zgbyf ij_^mkfhlj_gguf imgdlZfb gZklhys_c klZ lvb \uq_lu ba kh\hdmigh]h ^hoh^Z aZ dZ`^uc f_kyp \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh ]h hg ihemq_g ijhba\h^ylky ih hkgh\Zgbx ij_^mkfZljb\Zxs_fm [h e__ ev]hlguc jZaf_j mf_gvr_gby gZeh]hh[eZ]Z_fh]h ^hoh^Z

©H \g_k_gbb baf_g_gbc b ^hiheg_gbc \ aZdhg JN ©H ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc ihrebg_ªhl ]

KlZlvy Ev]hlu ih mieZl_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc ihrebgu

Hl mieZlu ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc ihrebgu ih ^_eZf jZkkfZljb \Z_fuf \ km^Zo h[s_c xjbk^bdpbb hk\h[h`^Zxlky bklpu²ih bk dZf h \aukdZgbb Zebf_glh\ bklpu²ih bkdZf h \haf_s_gbb \j_^Z ijbqbg_ggh]h m\_qv_f beb bguf ih\j_`^_gb_f a^hjh\vy Z lZd`_ kf_jlvx dhjfbevpZ h[s_kl\_ggu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb bg\Zeb^h\ bo mq

j_`^_gby mq_[gh ijhba\h^kl\_ggu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb b h[t_^bg_gby ih \k_f bkdZf

Hl mieZlu ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc ihrebgu ih ^_eZf jZkkfZljb \Z_fuf \ Zj[bljZ`guo km^Zo hk\h[h`^Zxlky h[s_kl\_ggu_ hj]Z gbaZpbb bg\Zeb^h\ bo mqj_`^_gby mq_[gh ijhba\h^kl\_ggu_ hj]Zgb aZpbb b h[t_^bg_gby

Hl mieZlu ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc ihrebgu \ hj]ZgZo kh\_jrZx sbo ghlZjbZevgu_ ^_ckl\by hk\h[h`^Zxlky

]jZ`^Zg_ aZ k\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ \_jghklb dhibc ^hdmf_g lh\ ih^ebgghklb ih^ibkb gZ ^hdmf_glZo aZ m^hklh\_j_gb_ ^h \_j_gghklb gZ ihemq_gb_ i_gkbc b ihkh[bc ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ ev]hl Z lZd`_ ih ^_eZf hi_db b mkugh\e_gby m^hq_j_gby

h[s_kl\_ggu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb bg\Zeb^h\ bo mqj_`^_gby mq_[ gh ijhba\h^kl\_ggu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb b h[t_^bg_gby

Hl mieZlu ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc ihrebgu aZ j_]bkljZpbx ]jZ` ^Zg Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb ih f_klm bo `bl_evkl\Z Z lZd`_ aZ j_]bkl jZpbx bghkljZgguo ]jZ`^Zg b ebp [_a ]jZ`^Zgkl\Z ijh`b\Zxsbo gZ l_jjblhjbb Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb k\ur_ ^g_c \ dZe_g^Zjghf ]h ^m hk\h[h`^Zxlky ebpZ ijh`b\Zxsb_ \ ^hfZo bgl_jgZlZo ^ey ij_klZj_euo b bg\Zeb^h\

©H ikbobZljbq_kdhc ihfhsb b ]ZjZglbyo ijZ\ ]jZ`^Zg ijb __ hdZaZgbbª‹ hl ]

Ba\e_q_gb_

KlZlvy >h[jh\hevghklv h[jZs_gby aZ ikbobZljbq_kdhc ih fhsvx

G_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_fm \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l Z lZd`_ ebpm ijbagZgghfm \ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhghf ihjy^d_ g_^__kihkh[guf ikb obZljbq_kdZy ihfhsv hdZau\Z_lky ih ijhkv[_ beb k kh]eZkby bo aZ dhgguo ij_^klZ\bl_e_c \ ihjy^d_ ij_^mkfhlj_gghf gZklhysbf AZdh ghf

KlZlvy Ij_^klZ\bl_evkl\h ]jZ`^Zg dhlhjuf hdZau\Z_l ky ikbobZljbq_kdZy ihfhsv

AZsblm ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_j_kh\ g_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]h \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l b ebpZ ijbagZggh]h \ mklZgh\e_gghf ihjy^d_ g_ ^__kihkh[guf ijb hdZaZgbb bf ikbobZljbq_kdhc ihfhsb hkms_kl \eyxl bo aZdhggu_ ij_^klZ\bl_eb jh^bl_eb mkugh\bl_eb hi_dmgu Z \ kemqZ_ bo hlkmlkl\by Z^fbgbkljZpby ikbobZljbq_kdh]h klZpbhgZ jZ eb[h ikbohg_\jheh]bq_kdh]h mqj_`^_gby ^ey khpbZevgh]h h[_ki_ q_gby beb ki_pbZevgh]h h[mq_gby

guo dZlZjZdlZo iheghc Zljhnbb ajbl_evguo g_j\h\ b ^j DZ`^h_ ba wlbo khklhygbc oZjZdl_jbam_lky ke_^mxsbfb ihdZaZ

l_eyfb ,kl_i_gv gZjmr_gbc ajbl_evgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZhkljhlZ aj_gby [he__

ihe_ aj_gby \ ghjf_ beb dhgp_gljbq_kdb km`_gh ^h ]jZ^ajbl_evgZy jZ[hlhkihkh[ghklv \ ghjf_

ihdZaZl_eb WNC ihjh]b Wq ^h H fd: eZ[bevghklv ^h =p DQKF ^h i k_d

,,kl_i_gv gZjmr_gbc ajbl_evgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZhkljhlZ aj_gby [he__ ^h

ihe_ aj_gby f_g__ ]jZ^ gh rbj_ ]jZ^ Ijb hlkmlkl\bb kdhlhf \ p_gljZevghf ihe_ aj_gby

ajbl_evgZy jZ[hlhkihkh[ghklv mf_j_ggh kgb`_gZ

ihdZaZl_eb WNB ihjh]b Wq ^h fd: eZ[bevghklv =p DQKF ^h i k_d

,,,kl_i_gv gZjmr_gbc ajbl_evgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZ

hkljhlZ aj_gby

ihe_ aj_gby jZ\gh beb f_g__ ]jZ^ gh rbj_ ]jZ^ \ p_gljZevghf ihe_ aj_gby _^bgbqgu_ beb fgh`_kl\_ggu_ g_ keb\gu_ kdhlhfu

ajbl_evgZy jZ[hlhkihkh[ghklv \ujZ`_ggh_ kgb`_gb_

ihdZaZl_eb WNB ihjh]b Wq ^h fd: eZ[bevghklv ^h =p DQKF ^h i k_d

,9kl_i_gv gZjmr_gbc ajbl_evgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZhkljhlZ aj_gby

ihe_ aj_gby jZ\gh beb f_g__ ]jZ^ \ p_gljZevghf ihe_ aj_gby p_gljZevgu_ beb iZjZp_gljZevgu_ keb\gu_ kdhlh fu

ajbl_evgZy jZ[hlhkihkh[ghklv agZqbl_evgh kgb`_gZ beb hl kmlkl\m_l \ujZ`_ggh_ kgb`_gb_

ihdZaZl_eb WNB ihjh]b Wq ^h fd: beb g_ hij_^_eyxlky eZ[bevghklv f_g__ =p beb hlkmlkl\m_l

Ijbf_j

J_[_ghd F h\ :g^j_c e_l mq_gbd ]h deZkkZ ki_pbZevghc dhjj_dpbhgghc rdheu bgl_jgZlZ Ijh`b\Z_l \ ] Fhkd\_ k jh^b l_eyfb \lhjhc j_[zghd \ k_fv_ hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zg i_j\bqgh

:gZf_a [_j_f_gghklv fZl_jb ijhl_dZeZ [_a iZlheh]bb jh^u kjhqgu_ kZfhklhyl_evgu_ [_a hkeh`g_gbc

JZa\blb_ j_[_gdZ \ feZ^_gq_kdhf b yk_evghf \hajZklZo ghj fZevgh_

< ]h^Z i_j_g_k dhj_\mx djZkgmom \h \j_fy dhlhjhc ijhy\behkv aZ[he_\Zgb_ ]eZa kh kgb`_gb_f hkljhlu aj_gby E_qbeky \ ^_lkdhf

ky g_aZ\_jr_gghklvx b g_aj_ehklvx k\hbo kljmdlmj Khhl\_lkl\_ggh b nmgdpbb hj]ZgZ aj_gby m j_[_gdZ hlebqZxlky hl nmgdpbc aj_eh]h hj]ZgbafZ \ ijh^he`_gb_ [he__ beb f_g__ ^ebl_evgh]h i_jbh^Z \j_f_gb

< feZ^_gq_kdhf \hajZkl_ ^h ]h^Z hij_^_eyxlky k\_lhhsm s_gb_ j_ne_dk ke_`_gby j_ne_dk nbdkZpbb j_ne_dk hiZkghklb jZaebq_gb_ ]_hf_ljbq_kdbo nb]mj

< yk_evghf \hajZkl_ lZ[ebpZf ki_pbZevguf ^_lkdbf hilhlb iZf dhevpZf EZg^hevlZ p\_lhhsms_gb_±ih p\_lh\uf lZ[ebpZf

< ^hrdhevghf \hajZkl_ hl ^h e_l hkljhlZ aj_gby ^hklb]Z_l

hkljhlZ aj_gby b p\_lhhsms_gb_ hij_^_eyxlky ih \ur_gZ a\Zgguf lZ[ebpZf lZ[ebp_ =heh\bgZ Kb\p_\Z Hjeh\hc i_jbn_ jbq_kdh_ ihe_ aj_gby bkke_^m_lky ih >hg^_jkm beb gZ i_jbf_lj_ [b ghdmeyjgh_ aj_gb_ k bkihevah\Zgb_f p\_lh\h]h ijb[hjZ ? F ;_eh klhpdh]h b ? K Njb^fZgZ beb ZiiZjZlh\ bguo dhgkljmdpbc

< feZ^r_f e_l kj_^g_f e_l b klZjr_f rdhevghf

e_l \hajZklZo hp_gdZ khklhygby ajbl_evguo nmgdpbc hkms_kl\ ey_lky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k jZg`bjh\Zgb_f bo ihdZaZl_e_c b ]jZ^Zpbc ke_ihlu b keZ[h\b^_gby

Hp_gdm gZebqby b kl_i_gb gZjmr_gby ajbl_evguo nmgdpbc ke_ ^m_l hkms_kl\eylv lhevdh k mq_lhf \hajZklguo hkh[_gghkl_c jZa\blby ajbl_evgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZ hkh[_ggh m ^_l_c feZ^_gq_kdh]h b yk_evgh ]h \hajZklZ m ^_l_c kj_^gbo b klZjrbo \hajZklguo ]jmii ijb \hafh` ghklb ke_^m_l hkms_kl\eylv we_dljhnbabheh]bq_kdb_ bkke_^h\Zgby Z lZd`_ ijh\_jdm ajbl_evghc jZ[hlhkihkh[ghklb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k hn lZevfhwj]hghfbq_kdbfb f_lh^bdZfb

Bgl_]jZevgZy hp_gdZ nmgdpbhgZevgh]h khklhygby ajbl_evgh]h ZgZebaZlhjZ iha\hey_l hij_^_eylv kl_i_gb ly`_klb _]h gZjmr_gbc

g_agZqbl_evgZy , fZeZy kl_i_gv keZ[h\b^_gby bf__l f_k lh ij_bfms_kl\_ggh ijb ZghfZebyo j_njZdpbb Zf[ebhibb dhkh]eZabb Zf_ljhibb g_agZqbl_evguo ihfmlg_gbyo jh]h\b pu b ^j

mf_j_ggZy ,, kj_^gyy kl_i_gv keZ[h\b^_gby \hagbdZ_l qZ s_ ijb ZghfZebyo j_njZdpbb Zf[ebhibb g_agZqbl_evguo ihfmlg_gbyo jh]h\bpu \ke_^kl\b_ kdjhnme_aZ d_jZlblh\ m\_blh\ ljZ\fZo b ^j

\ujZ`_ggZy,,,\ukhdZy kl_i_gv keZ[h\b^_gby bf__l f_klh ijb g_aj_euo \jh`^_gguo dZlZjZdlZo \jh`^_gguo ^_n_dlZo jZa\blby kljmdlmj ]eZaZ jZa\blhc klZ^bb ]eZmdhfu d_jZlblZo jZaebqghc wlbheh]bb m\_blZo ^bkljhnbq_kdbo b \hkiZeb l_evguo aZ[he_\Zgbyo k_lqZldb lZi_lhj_lbgZevghc Zfbh ljhnbb qZklbqghc Zljhnbb ajbl_evgh]h g_j\Z \jh`^_gguo ^_n_dlZo jZa\blby kljmdlmj ]eZaZ b ^j²agZqbl_evgh \ujZ `_ggZy,9 ²ijZdlbq_kdZy beb Z[khexlgZy ke_ihlZ gZklmiZ _l ijb klhjhggbo j_lbghh[eZklhfZo klhjhggbo \jh`^_g

KlZlvy Kh]eZkb_ gZ e_q_gb_

<jZq h[yaZg ij_^hklZ\blv ebpm kljZ^Zxs_fm ikbobq_kdbf jZkkljhckl\hf \ ^hklmighc ^ey g_]h nhjf_ b k mq_lhf _]h ikbobq_ kdh]h khklhygby bgnhjfZpbx h oZjZdl_j_ ikbobq_kdh]h jZkkljhckl\Z p_eyo f_lh^Zo \dexqZy Zevl_jgZlb\gu_ b ijh^he`bl_evghklb j_dh f_g^m_fh]h e_q_gby Z lZd`_ h [he_\uo hsms_gbyo \hafh`ghf jbkd_ ih[hqguo wnn_dlZo b h`b^Z_fuo j_amevlZlZo H ij_^hklZ\e_gghc bgnhjfZpbb ^_eZ_lky aZibkv \ f_^bpbgkdhc ^hdmf_glZpbb

Kh]eZkb_ gZ e_q_gb_ g_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]h \ \hajZkl_ ^h

e_l Z lZd`_ ebpZ ijbagZggh]h \ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhghf ihjy^d_ g_ ^__kihkh[guf ^Z_lky bo aZdhggufb ij_^klZ\bl_eyfb ihke_ khh[s_ gby bf k\_^_gbc ij_^mkfhlj_gguo qZklvx \lhjhc gZklhys_c klZlvb

E_q_gb_ fh`_l ijh\h^blvky [_a kh]eZkby ebpZ kljZ^Zxs_]h ikbobq_kdbf jZkkljhckl\hf beb [_a kh]eZkby _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ \bl_ey lhevdh ijb ijbf_g_gbb ijbgm^bl_evguo f_j f_^bpbgkdh]h oZ jZdl_jZ ih hkgh\Zgbyf ij_^mkfhlj_gguf M]heh\guf dh^_dkhf JKNKJ Z lZd`_ ijb g_^h[jh\hevghc ]hkiblZebaZpbb ih hkgh\Zgbyf ij_^mkfhlj_gguf klZlv_c gZklhys_]h AZdhgZ < wlbo kemqZyo djh f_ g_hleh`guo e_q_gb_ ijbf_gy_lky ih j_r_gbx dhfbkkbb \jZq_c ikbobZljh\

< hlghr_gbb ebp mdZaZgguo \ qZklb q_l\_jlhc gZklhys_c klZlvb ijbf_g_gb_ ^ey e_q_gby ikbobq_kdbo jZkkljhckl\ objmj]bq_ kdbo b ^jm]bo f_lh^h\ \uau\Zxsbo g_h[jZlbfu_ ihke_^kl\by Z lZd `_ ijh\_^_gb_ bkiulZgbc f_^bpbgkdbo kj_^kl\ b f_lh^h\ g_ ^himk dZxlky

KlZlvy HldZa hl e_q_gby

Ebph kljZ^Zxs__ ikbobq_kdbf jZkkljhckl\hf beb _]h aZdhg guc ij_^klZ\bl_ev bf_xl ijZ\h hldZaZlvky hl ij_^eZ]Z_fh]h e_q_gby beb ij_djZlblv _]h aZ bkdexq_gb_f kemqZ_\ ij_^mkfhlj_gguo qZklvx q_l\_jlhc klZlvb gZklhys_]h AZdhgZ

Ebpm hldZau\Zxs_fmky hl e_q_gby eb[h _]h aZdhgghfm ij_^ klZ\bl_ex ^he`gu [ulv jZatykg_gu \hafh`gu_ ihke_^kl\by ij_djZ s_gby e_q_gby HldZa hl e_q_gby k mdZaZgb_f k\_^_gbc h \hafh`guo ihke_^kl\byo hnhjfey_lky aZibkvx \ f_^bpbgkdhc ^hdmf_glZpbb aZ ih^ibkvx ebpZ beb _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey b \jZqZ ikbobZljZ

KlZlvy <b^u ikbobZljbq_kdhc ihfhsb f khpbZevghc aZ sblu ]ZjZglbjm_fu_ ]hkm^Zjkl\hf

=hkm^Zjkl\hf ]ZjZglbjm_lky

x g_hleh`gZy ikbobZljbq_kdZy ihfhsv

x dhgkmevlZlb\gh ^bZ]ghklbq_kdZy e_q_[gZy ikbohijhnbeZdlb q_kdZy j_Z[beblZpbhggZy ihfhsv \h \g_[hevgbqguo b klZ pbhgZjguo mkeh\byo

x \k_ \b^u ikbobZljbq_kdhc wdki_jlbau hij_^_e_gb_ \j_f_g ghc g_ljm^hkihkh[ghklb

x khpbZevgh [ulh\Zy ihfhsv b kh^_ckl\b_ \ ljm^hmkljhckl\_ ebp kljZ^Zxsbo ikbobq_kdbfb jZkkljhckl\Zfb

x j_r_gb_ \hijhkh\ hi_db

x dhgkmevlZpbb ih ijZ\h\uf \hijhkZf b ^jm]b_ \b^u xjb^bq_ kdhc ihfhsb \ ikbobZljbq_kdbo b ikbohg_\jheh]bq_kdbo mqj_ `^_gbyo

x khpbZevgh [ulh\h_ mkljhckl\h bg\Zeb^h\ b ij_klZj_euo kljZ^Zxsbo ikbobq_kdbfb jZkkljhckl\Zfb Z lZd`_ moh^ aZ gbfb

x h[mq_gb_ bg\Zeb^h\ b g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo kljZ^Zxsbo ikb obq_kdbfb jZkkljhckl\Zfb

x ikbobZljbq_kdZy ihfhsv ijb klbobcguo [_^kl\byo b dZlZkljh nZo

>ey h[_ki_q_gby ebp kljZ^Zxsbo ikbobq_kdbfb jZkkljhc kl\Zfb ikbobZljbq_kdhc ihfhsvx b bo khpbZevghc aZsblu ]hkm^Zj kl\h

Z[a kha^Z_l \k_ \b^u mqj_`^_gbc hdZau\Zxsbo \g_[hev gbqgmx b klZpbhgZjgmx ikbobZljbq_kdmx ihfhsv ih \hafh`ghklb ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z iZpb_glh\

Z[a hj]Zgbam_l h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgh_ b ijhn_kkbhgZevgh_ h[mq_gb_ g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo kljZ^Zxsbo ikbobq_kdbfb jZk kljhckl\Zfb

H[_ki_q_gb_ \k_fb \b^Zfb ikbobZljbq_kdhc ihfhsb b khpb Zevghc aZsblu ebp kljZ^Zxsbo ikbobq_kdbfb jZkkljhckl\Zfb hkm s_kl\ey_lky n_^_jZevgufb hj]ZgZfb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb b mijZ\e_gby hj]ZgZfb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb b mijZ\e_gby j_kim[ ebd \ khklZ\_ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb Z\lhghfghc h[eZklb Z\lhghf guo hdjm]h\ djZ_\ h[eZkl_c ]hjh^h\ Fhkd\u b KZgdl I_l_j[mj]Z hj ]ZgZfb f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bo dhfi_l_gpb_c hij_^_ey_fhc aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc n_^_jZpbb

KlZlvy IkbobZljbq_kdh_ hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_

IkbobZljbq_kdh_ hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ ijh\h^blky ^ey hij_ ^_e_gby kljZ^Z_l eb h[ke_^m_fuc ikbobq_kdbf jZkkljhckl\hf gm` ^Z_lky eb hg \ ikbobZljbq_kdhc ihfhsb Z lZd`_ ^ey j_r_gby \hijhkZ h \b^_ lZdhc ihfhsb

IkbobZljbq_kdh_ hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ Z lZd`_ ijhnbeZdlb q_kdb_ hkfhlju ijh\h^ylky ih ijhkv[_ beb k kh]eZkby h[ke_^m_fh]h \ hlghr_gbb g_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]h \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l ih ijhkv[_ beb k kh]eZkby _]h jh^bl_e_c eb[h bgh]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey \ hlghr_gbb ebpZ ijbagZggh]h \ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhghf ihjy^d_ g_ ^__kihkh[guf ih ijhkv[_ beb k kh]eZkby _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\b

F_lh^bq_kdb_ ih^oh^u d hij_^_e_gbx bg\Zeb^ghklb ijb iZlheh]bb hj]ZgZ aj_gby m ^_l_c

J_[_ghd qZklbqgh beb iheghklvx mljZlb\rbc aj_gb_ bkiu lu\Z_l agZqbl_evgu_ ljm^ghklb \ kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbb i_j_^\b`_gbb hjb_glZpbb h[s_gbb h[mq_gbb b]jh\hc ^_yl_evghklb lh _klv \ hkm s_kl\e_gbb hkgh\guo dhfihg_glh\ `bag_^_yl_evghklb k\hckl\_gguo ^_lkdhfm \hajZklm

Fgh]hh[jZab_ jZaebqguo nhjf hnlZevfhiZlheh]bb h[mkeh\eb \Z_l g_h[oh^bfhklv fgh]hZki_dlgh]h ZgZebaZ bo \ebygby gZ `bag_ ^_yl_evghklv

Ijb f_^bdh khpbZevghc wdki_jlba_ ^_l_c g_h[oh^bfh hp_gb\Zlv ZgZfg_a k Zdp_glhf gZ \gmljbmljh[gh_ jZa\blb_ l_q_gb_ [_j_f_ggh klb m fZl_jb hkh[_gghklb jh^h\kihfh`_gby gZke_^kl\_ggmx hly]h s_gghklv b ^j

< qbke_ ZgZebabjm_fuo debgbdh nmgdpbhgZevguo oZjZdl_jb klbd ^_l_c kh ajbl_evgufb jZkkljhckl\Zfb hkgh\gufb y\eyxlky ke_^mxsb_

Debgbq_kdZy ghaheh]bq_kdZy nhjfZ aZ[he_\Zgby __ wlbh eh]by iZlh]_g_a

OZjZdl_j b \ujZ`_gghklv baf_g_gbc kljmdlmj ]eZagh]h y[

ehdZ

Hp_gdZ gZebqby ZghfZebc jZa\blby fZdjhdhjg_Z f_]Zeh dhjg_Z fbdjhdhjg_Z dheh[hfZ jZ^m`db ohjbh^_b Zgbjb^by ZghfZ eby ojmklZebdZ b _]h \jh`^_ggu_ aZ[he_\Zgby \jh`^_ggu_ ^_n_dlu kljmdlmj ]eZagh]h ^gZ b ^j

<b^ b kl_i_gv nmgdpbhgZevguo jZkkljhckl\

KlZ^by iZlheh]bq_kdh]h ijhp_kkZ l_q_gb_ aZ[he_\Zgby

Debgbq_kdbc ijh]gha

Kbg^jhfZevghklv b khq_lZgghklv gZjmr_gbc hj]ZgZ aj_gby k iZlheh]b_c ^jm]bo kbkl_f hj]ZgbafZ kbg^jhfu E_[_jZ Ehj_gkZ FmgZ ² ;Zj^_ ;b^ey <bevkhgZ =bii_ey Ebg^Zm >ZmgZ DjZma_ Ihag_jZ RehkkfZgZ FZjnZgZ Imjlq_jZ J_cl_jZ J_debg]Zma_gZ KlbeeZ Kt_]j_gZ L_c KZdkZ Mr_jZ NmdkZ Rlbeebg] LxjdZ >ZmgZ <Z]g_jZ J_ljhe_glZevgZy nb[jhieZaby b ^j

Kjhdb fZgbn_klZpbb ijhp_kkZ b \j_fy gZklmie_gby ajb l_evgh]h ^_n_dlZ

Kl_i_gv Z^ZilZpbb d ajbl_evguf jZkkljhckl\Zf b \hafh` ghklv Zdlb\baZpbb bguo ZgZebaZlhjguo kbkl_f mqZkl\mxsbo \ dhf i_gkZpbb ajbl_evgh]h ^_n_dlZ \ hkgh\ghf kemoh\h]h b dh`gh]h ZgZ ebaZlhjh\

=eZ\ghc oZjZdl_jbklbdhc hij_^_eyxs_c ly`_klv gZjmr_gbc hj]ZgZ aj_gby b bo \ebygby gZ `bag_^_yl_evghklv j_[_gdZ y\ey_lky khklhygb_ ajbl_evguo nmgdpbc kj_^b dhlhjuo hkgh\gu_ hkljhlZ b ihe_ aj_gby Ijb wlhf ke_^m_l mqblu\Zlv qlh \k_ hl^_eu ajbl_evgh ]h ZgZebaZlhjZ \ feZ^_gq_kdhf b yk_evghf \hajZkl_ oZjZdl_jbamxl

Ijbf_j

;hevghc < e_l

Debgbdh nmgdpbhgZevguc ^bZ]gha Heb]hnj_gby k mfkl\_gguf g_^hjZa\blb_f \ kl_i_gb \ujZ`_gghc ^_[bevghklb Hkgh\ghc lbi ^_ n_dlZ

OZjZdl_j gZjmr_gbc gZjmr_gb_ \ukrbo ikbobq_kdbo nmgdpbc Kl_i_gv gZjmr_gby ikbobq_kdbo nmgdpbc \ujZ`_ggZy kl_

i_gv Ijh]gha debgbq_kdbc hlghkbl_evgh [eZ]hijbylguc

KhpbZevgh [ulh\hc klZlmk `b\_l k jh^bl_eyfb bf__lky ih lj_[ghklv \ i_jbh^bq_kdhc dhjj_dpbb k bo klhjhgu \ \hijhkZo [ulZ Ijhn_kkbhgZevgh ljm^h\hc klZlmk mqblky \ f deZkk_ \kihfh]Zl_ev ghc rdheu MklZgh\dZ gZ ljm^h\mx aZgylhklv iheh`bl_evgZy

Ikboheh]bq_kdZy ^bZ]ghklbdZ bf__lky klhcdh_ g_^hjZa\blb_ bg l_ee_dlZ \ \b^_ kgb`_gby dhgkljmdlb\gh]h fure_gby b fhlb\Zpbhg ghc kn_ju khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ kl_i_gb gZjmr_gby nmgdpbc M [hev gh]h khagZgb_ [he_agb kgb`_gh bf_xlky iheh`bl_evgu_ khpbZevgu_ mklZgh\db kihkh[ghklv ke_^h\Zlv j_dhf_g^Zpbyf f_^bpbgkdbo jZ [hlgbdh\ b jh^bl_e_c qlh \ p_ehf ^Z_l \hafh`ghklv ijbf_gylv jZa ebqgu_ kihkh[u j_Z[beblZpbhggh]h \ha^_ckl\by

DZl_]hjbb b kl_i_gv \ujZ`_gghklb h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_y l_evghklb

h[s_gb_ kl_i_gvh[mq_gb_ kl_i_gv

b]jh\Zy ^_yl_evghklv kl_i_gv

J_Z[beblZpbhgguc ijh]gha hlghkbl_evgh [eZ]hijbylguc Fh eh^hc \hajZkl ihl_gpbZevgu_ \hafh`ghklb ^ey ijh\_^_gby j_Z[beb lZpbb ^Zxl hkgh\Zgb_ kqblZlv j_Z[beblZpbhgguc ijh]gha hlghkb l_evgh [eZ]hijbylguf

F_^bdh khpbZevgh_ wdki_jlgh_ aZdexq_gb_ j_[_ghd bg\Zeb^khhl\_lkl\m_l,,]jmii_ bg\Zeb^ghklb kjhdhf gZ h^bg ]h^

Ihlj_[ghklv \ f_jZo khpbZevghc aZsblu \dexqZy j_dhf_g^Z pbb ih f_^bdh khpbZevghc j_Z[beblZpbb

f_^bpbgkdZy j_Z[beblZpby

ihklhyggh_ ih^^_j`b\Zxs__ ikbohnZjfZdheh]bq_kdh_ e_ q_gb_ ikbohdhjj_dpby

ijhn_kkbhgZevgZy j_Z[beblZpby\h\e_q_gb_ \ ljm^h\mx ^_yl_evghklv ljm^h\Zy aZgylhklv \ ki_pbZevgh kha^Zgguo mkeh\byo

khpbZevgZy j_Z[beblZpby k_f_cgZy l_jZiby hj]ZgbaZpby mkeh\bc `bagb

l_ey < kemqZ_ \hajZ`_gby h^gh]h ba jh^bl_e_c eb[h ijb hlkmlkl\bb jh^bl_e_c beb bgh]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ g_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]h ijh\h^blky ih j_r_gbx hj]ZgZ hi_db b ihi_qb l_evkl\Z dhlhjh_ fh`_l [ulv h[`Zeh\Zgh \ km^_

<jZq ijh\h^ysbc ikbobZljbq_kdh_ hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ h[yaZg ij_^klZ\blvky h[ke_^m_fhfm b _]h aZdhgghfm ij_^klZ\bl_ex dZd ikbobZlj aZ bkdexq_gb_f kemqZ_\ ij_^mkfhlj_gguo imgdlhf Z qZklb q_l\_jlhc gZklhys_c klZlvb

IkbobZljbq_kdh_ hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ ebpZ fh`_l [ulv ijh \_^_gh [_a _]h kh]eZkby beb [_a kh]eZkby _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey \ kemqZyo dh]^Z ih bf_xsbfky ^Zgguf h[ke_^m_fuc kh\_jrZ_l ^_c kl\by ^Zxsb_ hkgh\Zgby ij_^iheZ]Zlv gZebqb_ m g_]h ly`_eh]h ikb obq_kdh]h jZkkljhckl\Z dhlhjh_ h[mkeh\eb\Z_l

Z _]h g_ihkj_^kl\_ggmx hiZkghklv ^ey k_[y beb hdjm`Zxsbo beb

[ _]h [_kihfhsghklv lh _klv g_kihkh[ghklv kZfhklhyl_evgh m^h\e_l\hjylv hkgh\gu_ `bag_ggu_ ihlj_[ghklb beb

\ kms_kl\_gguc \j_^ _]h a^hjh\vx \ke_^kl\b_ mom^r_gby ikbobq_kdh]h khklhygby _keb ebph [m^_l hklZ\e_gh [_a ikbobZl jbq_kdhc ihfhsb

IkbobZljbq_kdh_ hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ ebpZ fh`_l [ulv ijh \_^_gh [_a _]h kh]eZkby beb [_a kh]eZkby _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ ey _keb h[ke_^m_fuc gZoh^blky ih^ ^bkiZgk_jguf gZ[ex^_gb_f ih hkgh\Zgbyf ij_^mkfhlj_gguf qZklvx i_j\hc klZlvb gZklhys_]h AZdhgZ

KlZlvy IkbobZljbq_kdh_ hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ ebpZ [_a _]h kh]eZkby beb [_a kh]eZkby _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey

< kemqZyo ij_^mkfhlj_gguo imgdlhf Z qZklb q_l\_jlhc b qZklvx iylhc klZlvb gZklhys_]h AZdhgZ j_r_gb_ h ikbobZljbq_k dhf hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgbb ebpZ [_a _]h kh]eZkby beb [_a kh]eZkby _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey ijbgbfZ_lky \jZqhf ikbobZljhf kZfhklhy l_evgh

< kemqZyo ij_^mkfhlj_gguo imgdlZfb [ b \ qZklb q_l\_j lhc klZlvb gZklhys_]h AZdhgZ j_r_gb_ h ikbobZljbq_kdhf hk\b^_ l_evkl\h\Zgbb ebpZ [_a _]h kh]eZkby beb [_a kh]eZkby _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey ijbgbfZ_lky \jZqhf ikbobZljhf k kZgdpbb km^vb

KlZlvy >bkiZgk_jgh_ gZ[ex^_gb_

>bkiZgk_jgh_ gZ[ex^_gb_ fh`_l mklZgZ\eb\Zlvky aZ ebphf kljZ^Zxsbf ojhgbq_kdbf b aZly`guf ikbobq_kdbf jZkkljhckl\hf k ly`_eufb klhcdbfb beb qZklh h[hkljyxsbfbky [he_ag_ggufb ijhy\ e_gbyfb

 

 

 

 

KlZlvy Hkgh\Zgby ^ey ]hkiblZebaZpbb \ ikbobZljbq_kdbc klZpbhgZj

G_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbc \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l ihf_sZ_lky \ ikb obZljbq_kdbc klZpbhgZj ih ijhkv[_ beb k kh]eZkby _]h jh^bl_e_c beb bgh]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey Ebph ijbagZggh_ \ mklZgh\e_gghf aZ dhghf ihjy^d_ g_^__kihkh[guf ihf_sZ_lky \ ikbobZljbq_kdbc klZ pbhgZj ih ijhkv[_ beb k kh]eZkby _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey < kem qZ_ \hajZ`_gby h^gh]h ba jh^bl_e_c eb[h ijb hlkmlkl\bb jh^bl_e_c beb bgh]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey ihf_s_gb_ g_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]h \ ikbobZljbq_kdbc klZpbhgZj ijh\h^blky ih j_r_gbx hj]ZgZ hi_db b ihi_qbl_evkl\Z dhlhjh_ fh`_l [ulv h[`Zeh\Zgh \ km^_

KlZlvy Hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo b ebp ijbagZgguo g_^__kihkh[gufb ihf_s_gguo \ ikbobZljbq_kdbc klZ pbhgZj ih ijhkv[_ beb k kh]eZkby bo aZdhgguo ij_^klZ\bl_e_c

G_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbc \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l b ebph ijbagZg gh_ \ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhghf ihjy^d_ g_^__kihkh[guf ihf_s_ggu_ \ ikbobZljbq_kdbc klZpbhgZj ih ijhkv[_ beb k kh]eZkby bo aZdhgguo ij_^klZ\bl_e_c ih^e_`Zl h[yaZl_evghfm hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgbx dh fbkkb_c \jZq_c ikbobZljh\ ikbobZljbq_kdh]h mqj_`^_gby \ ihjy^d_ ij_^mkfhlj_gghf qZklvx i_j\hc klZlvb gZklhys_]h AZdhgZ < l_ q_gb_ i_j\uo r_klb f_kyp_\ wlb ebpZ ih^e_`Zl hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgbx dhfbkkb_c \jZq_c ikbobZljh\ g_ j_`_ h^gh]h jZaZ \ f_kyp ^ey j_r_ gby \hijhkZ h ijh^e_gbb ]hkiblZebaZpbb Ijb ijh^e_gbb ]hkib lZebaZpbb k\ur_ r_klb f_kyp_\ hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgby dhfbkkb_c \jZq_c ikbobZljh\ ijh\h^ylky g_ j_`_ h^gh]h jZaZ \ r_klv f_kyp_\

< kemqZ_ h[gZjm`_gby dhfbkkb_c \jZq_c ikbobZljh\ beb Z^ fbgbkljZpb_c ikbobZljbq_kdh]h klZpbhgZjZ aehmihlj_[e_gbc ^h ims_gguo ijb ]hkiblZebaZpbb aZdhggufb ij_^klZ\bl_eyfb g_kh\_j r_gghe_lg_]h \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l eb[h ebpZ ijbagZggh]h \ mklZgh\ e_gghf aZdhghf ihjy^d_ g_^__kihkh[guf Z^fbgbkljZpby ikbobZljb q_kdh]h klZpbhgZjZ ba\_sZ_l h[ wlhf hj]Zg hi_db b ihi_qbl_evkl\Z ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z ih^hi_qgh]h

KlZlvy Hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgb_ ebp ihf_s_gguo \ ikbob Zljbq_kdbc klZpbhgZj \ g_^h[jh\hevghf ihjy^d_

Ebph ihf_s_ggh_ \ ikbobZljbq_kdbc klZpbhgZj ih hkgh\Zgb yf ij_^mkfhlj_gguf klZlv_c gZklhys_]h AZdhgZ ih^e_`bl h[yaZ l_evghfm hk\b^_l_evkl\h\Zgbx \ l_q_gb_ qZkh\ dhfbkkb_c \jZq_c ikbobZljh\ ikbobZljbq_kdh]h mqj_`^_gby dhlhjZy ijbgbfZ_l j_r_ gb_ h[ h[hkgh\Zgghklb ]hkiblZebaZpbb < kemqZyo dh]^Z ]hkiblZebaZ pby ijbagZ_lky g_h[hkgh\Zgghc b ]hkiblZebabjh\Zgguc g_ \ujZ`Z_l `_eZgby hklZlvky \ ikbobZljbq_kdhf klZpbhgZj_ hg ih^e_`bl g_f_^ e_gghc \uibkd_

q_kdbo jZkkljhckl\Zo \ fg_klbdh bgl_ee_dlmZevghc fukebl_evghc wfhpbhgZevghc ^\b]Zl_evgh \he_\hc kn_jZo ijb\h^ysbo d jZaghc kl_i_gb gZjmr_gbyf kihkh[ghklb m^h\e_l\hjylv hkgh\gu_ nbabheh ]bq_kdb_ ihlj_[ghklb \uihegylv gZ\udb ebqghc ]b]b_gu ih\k_^g_\ gmx [ulh\mx ^_yl_evghklv

H]jZgbq_gb_ kZfhklhyl_evgh]h i_j_^\b`_gby hij_^_ey_lky jZaghh[jZagufb gZjmr_gbyfb \ ikbobq_kdhc kn_j_

D ikbobq_kdbf baf_g_gbyf ij_^hij_^_eyxsbf lm beb bgmx kl_ i_gv gZjmr_gby fhlhjghc Zdlb\ghklb hp_gb\Z_fuf kh]eZkgh h[s_ ijbgyluf djbl_jbyf \ ikbobZljbq_kdhc ijZdlbd_ hlghkylky fhlhjgZy ^bkieZaby ^bk]Zjfhgby \uqmjghklv lhjib^ghklv klmihj beb km[klm ihj g_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby [jZ^b b Zdbg_aby ZkihglZgghklv ]b ih b Z^bgZfby ^\b]Zl_evgu_ dhg\_jkbhggu_ jZkkljhckl\Z ^\b]Z l_evgZy jZklhjfh`_gghklv ^\b]Zl_evgh_ [_kihdhckl\h

H]jZgbq_gb_ h[mq_gby \uy\ey_lky ijb jZkkljhckl\Zo \gbfZgby khkj_^hlhq_gby \hkijbylby hkfuke_gby nmgdpbb ZgZebaZ b kbgl_aZ ijb hkeZ[e_gbb iZfylb ih[m`^_gbc \he_\uo mkbebc gZjmr_gbb mk lZgh\hd kgb`_gbb mklmiqb\hklb hp_gb\Z_fuo kh]eZkgh h[s_ijbgy luf djbl_jbyf \ ikbobZljbq_kdhc ijZdlbd_ qlh ijb\h^bl d gZjmr_ gbx kihkh[ghklb d h[mq_gbx

H]jZgbq_gb_ b]jh\hc b ^jm]bo \b^h\ ^_yl_evghklb h[mkeh\e_gh jZaebqgufb ikbobq_kdbfb aZ[he_\Zgbyfb b khklhygbyfb dhlhju_ ijb\h^yl d gZjmr_gbx beb hlkmlkl\bx mklZgh\hd b ih[m`^_gbc ij_ kusZ_fhklb b mlhfey_fhklb \ ijhp_kk_ ^_yl_evghklb g_kihkh[ghklb i_j_dexqZlvky gZ jZagu_ \b^u ^_yl_evghklb ih^qbgylvky lj_[m_fh fm j_`bfm hk\Zb\Zlv jZaebqgu_ gZ\udb d gZjmr_gbx bgl_ji_jkh gZevguo hlghr_gbc Z^_d\Zlguo j_Zdpbc gZ hdjm`Zxs__

H]jZgbq_gb_ hjb_glZpbb \uy\ey_lky ijb dhebq_kl\_gghf b dZ q_kl\_gghf gZjmr_gbb \ kn_j_ lZdbo ikbobq_kdbo nmgdpbc dZd khagZ gb_ \hkijbylb_ \gbfZgb_ iZfylv wfhpbb fure_gb_ bgl_ee_dl ij_iylkl\mxs_fm ijZ\bevghfm ihemq_gbx hp_gd_ b bkihevah\Zgbx ex[hc bgnhjfZpbb Z lZd`_ kZfhkhagZgbx hp_gb\Z_fuo kh]eZkgh h[s_ijbgyluf djbl_jbyf \ ikbobZljbq_kdhc ijZdlbd_

H]jZgbq_gb_ h[s_gby \hafh`gh ijb jZaebqghc ikbobq_kdhc iZ lheh]bb \ j_amevlZl_ gZjmr_gby ex[hc ikbobq_kdhc nmgdpbb dh]^Z kljZ^Zxl ihgbfZgb_ kfukeZ b mk\h_gb_ h[t_fZ ebg]\bklbq_kdhc bg nhjfZpbb Z lZd`_ \ujZ`_gb_ kh[kl\_gguo fuke_c \ bo ^hklZlhqghf h[t_f_ k\yaghklb ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb p_e_gZijZ\e_gghklb ykgh klb hp_gb\Z_fuo kh]eZkgh h[s_ijbgyluf djbl_jbyf \ ikbobZljbq_ kdhc ijZdlbd_

H]jZgbq_gb_ dhgljhey aZ k\hbf ih\_^_gb_f h[mkeh\e_gh aZ ^_j`dhc jZa\blby \ukrbo ikbobq_kdbo nmgdpbc ]jm[hc iZlheh]b_c ebqghklb g_^hjZa\blb_f hkgh\guo khpbZevgh agZqbfuo __ dZq_kl\ gZjmr_gb_f Znn_dlb\guo k\ya_c k hdjm`Zxsbf fbjhf g_^hklmigh klvx Z^_d\Zlguo bgl_ji_jkhgZevguo hlghr_gbc

guo j_Zdpbc gZ [he_agv dhfi_gkZlhjguo f_oZgbafh\ Z lZd`_ hl jy ^Z khpbZevgh [bheh]bq_kdbo nZdlhjh\ \hajZkl h[jZah\Zgb_ k_f_c gh [ulh\u_ mkeh\by b ^j

Hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey dhgklZlZpbb h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb b ijbagZgby ^_l_c bg\Zeb^Zfb y\ey_lky gZebqb_ m gbo ijbklmihh[jZagh beb g_ij_ju\gh l_dmsbo ikbobq_kdbo aZ[he_\Zgbc khklhygbc k qZk lufb h[hklj_gbyfb Zdlb\ghklvx b \ujZ`_gghklvx iZlheh]bq_kdh]h ijhp_kkZ _]h ijh]j_^b_glghklvx l_jZi_\lbq_kdhc j_abkl_glghklvx g_dhfi_gkbjh\Zgghc ^_nbpblZjghc kbfilhfZlbdhc g_[eZ]hijbylguf debgbq_kdbf b j_Z[beblZpbhgguf ijh]ghahf

G_h[oh^bfh bf_lv \ \b^m hlebqb_ ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ \ke_^kl\b_ ikbobq_kdbo aZ[he_\Zgbc hl bg\Zeb^h\ aZ[he_\rbo \h \ajhkehf \ha jZkl_

JZagbpZ f_`^m wlbfb dZl_]hjbyfb bg\Zeb^h\ hij_^_ey_lky \ha jZklgufb [bheh]bq_kdbfb hkh[_gghklyfb h[mkeh\eb\Zxsbfb g_ lhevdh k\h_h[jZab_ debgbq_kdbo ijhy\e_gbc gh b jZaebqb_ \ Z^ZilZ pbhgguo \hafh`ghklyo P_j_[jZevgZy iZlheh]by \hagbdZxsZy gZ jZggbo wlZiZo jZa\blby [he_agb ij_iylkl\m_l nhjfbjh\Zgbx khpb Zevgh agZqbfuo dZq_kl\ ebqghklb aZ^_j`b\Z_l klZgh\e_gb_ f_oZ gbafh\ h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo khpbZevgh ljm^h\mx Z^ZilZpbx

Ijb hij_^_e_gbb h]jZgbq_gbc `bag_^_yl_evghklb m ^_l_c mqb lu\Zxlky g_ lhevdh hkh[_gghklb ijhy\e_gbc b l_q_gby [he_agb gh b kl_i_gv g_^hjZa\blby jZaebqguo dZq_kl\ ebqghklb Z lZd`_ \hafh`gZy iheh`bl_evgZy ^bgZfbdZ khklhygby j_[_gdZ \ ijhp_kk_ ijh^he`Zx s_]hky ihke_ e_l jZa\blby w\hexlb\gZy ^bgZfbdZ ij_^mkfZl jb\Z_lky g_h[oh^bfhklv mlhqg_gby ij_`^_ \k_]h kl_i_gb aj_ehklb ebqghklb b jZa\blby m g__ fhjZevguo gjZ\kl\_gguo b khpbZevguo mk lZgh\hd

Hkh[_ggh lsZl_evgh ke_^m_l ZgZebabjh\Zlv lZdb_ klhjhgu ikb obq_kdhc ^_yl_evghklb dZd mjh\_gv hkfuke_gby khklhygb_ \gbfZgby iZfylb wfhpbhgZevgh \he_\hc kn_ju oZjZdl_j ih\_^_gby jZa\blb_ fhlhjbdb b l i <Z`gh_ agZq_gb_ bf_xl gZdehgghklb b bgl_j_ku ^_ l_c kihkh[ghklv hkhagZgby bfb khpbZevguo hlghr_gbc kl_i_gv mijZ\ey_fhklb Zdlb\ghklb b hj]Zgbah\Zgghklb

KhpbZevgh_ ijbkihkh[e_gb_ ^_l_c g_j_^dh aZljm^gy_lky gZ ebqb_f m gbo khfZlh ikbobq_kdh]h bgnZglbebafZ Ijb wlhf gZjy^m k hlklZ\Zgb_f iheh\h]h b nbabq_kdh]h jZa\blby hlf_qZxlky wfhpbh gZevgh \he_\Zy g_aj_ehklv fhlhjgZy g_eh\dhklv keZ[hklv ih[m`^_ gbc hlkmlkl\b_ kihkh[ghklb d p_e_gZijZ\e_gghc ^_yl_evghklb g_\u ghkeb\hklv d nbabq_kdhfm gZijy`_gbx

G_^hklZlhqgZy Zdlb\ghklv b p_e_mklj_fe_gghklv fh]ml khq_ lZlvky k ih\ur_gghc \gmrZ_fhklvx g_kZfhklhyl_evghklvx [_kih fhsghklvx dZijbaghklvx mijyfkl\hf kdehgghklvx d Znn_dlb\guf \kiurdZf ^_lkdbf nhjfZf j_Zdpbc b ihklmidh\

H]jZgbq_gb_ kZfhh[kem`b\Zgby \hagbdZ_l ijb jZaebqguo ikbob

KlZlvy H[jZs_gb_ \ km^ ih \hijhkm h ]hkiblZebaZpbb \ g_^h[jh\hevghf ihjy^d_

<hijhk h ]hkiblZebaZpbb ebpZ \ ikbobZljbq_kdbc klZpbhgZj \ g_^h[jh\hevghf ihjy^d_ ih hkgh\Zgbyf ij_^mkfhlj_gguf klZlv_c

gZklhys_]h AZdhgZ j_rZ_lky \ km^_ ih f_klm gZoh`^_gby ikbobZljb q_kdh]h mqj_`^_gby

KlZlvy IjZ\Z iZpb_glh\ gZoh^ysboky \ ikbobZljbq_kdbo klZpbhgZjZo

<k_ iZpb_glu gZoh^ysb_ky gZ e_q_gbb beb h[ke_^h\Zgbb \ ikbobZljbq_kdhf klZpbhgZj_ \ijZ\_

Z[a ihemqZlv h[jZah\Zgb_ ih ijh]jZff_ h[s_h[jZah\Z l_evghc rdheu beb ki_pbZevghc rdheu ^ey ^_l_c k gZjmr_gb_f bgl_ee_dlmZevgh]h jZa\blby _keb iZpb_gl g_ ^hklb] e_l

KlZlvy Hkgh\Zgby b ihjy^hd ihf_s_gby ebp \ ikbohg_\jh eh]bq_kdb_ mqj_`^_gby ^ey khpbZevgh]h h[_ki_q_gby

Hkgh\Zgbyfb ^ey ihf_s_gby \ ikbohg_\jheh]bq_kdh_ mqj_` ^_gb_ ^ey khpbZevgh]h h[_ki_q_gby y\eyxlky ebqgh_ aZy\e_gb_ ebpZ kljZ^Zxs_]h ikbobq_kdbf jZkkljhckl\hf b aZdexq_gb_ \jZq_[ghc dhfbkkbb k mqZklb_f \jZqZ ikbobZljZ Z ^ey g_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]h \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l beb ebpZ ijbagZggh]h \ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhghf ihjy^d_ g_^__kihkh[guf j_r_gb_ hj]ZgZ hi_db b ihi_qbl_evkl\Z ijbgylh_ gZ hkgh\Zgbb aZdexq_gby \jZq_[ghc dhfbkkbb k mqZklb_f \jZqZ ikbobZljZ AZdexq_gb_ ^he`gh kh^_j`Zlv k\_^_gby h gZebqbb m ebpZ ikbobq_kdh]h jZkkljhckl\Z ebrZxs_]h _]h \hafh`ghklb gZoh ^blvky \ g_ki_pbZebabjh\Zgghf mqj_`^_gbb ^ey khpbZevgh]h h[_ki_ q_gby Z \ hlghr_gbb ^__kihkh[gh]h ebpZ lZd`_ b h[ hlkmlkl\bb hk gh\Zgbc ^ey ihklZgh\db i_j_^ km^hf \hijhkZ h ijbagZgbb _]h g_^__ kihkh[guf

Hj]Zg hi_db b ihi_qbl_evkl\Z h[yaZg ijbgbfZlv f_ju ^ey hojZgu bfms_kl\_gguo bgl_j_kh\ ebp ihf_sZ_fuo \ ikbohg_\jheh ]bq_kdb_ mqj_`^_gby ^ey khpbZevgh]h h[_ki_q_gby

KlZlvy Hkgh\Zgby b ihjy^hd ihf_s_gby g_kh\_jr_ggh e_lgbo \ ikbohg_\jheh]bq_kdh_ mqj_`^_gb_ ^ey ki_pbZevgh]h h[m q_gby

Hkgh\Zgbyfb ^ey ihf_s_gby g_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]h \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l kljZ^Zxs_]h ikbobq_kdbf jZkkljhckl\hf \ ikbohg_\jheh ]bq_kdh_ mqj_`^_gb_ ^ey ki_pbZevgh]h h[mq_gby y\eyxlky aZy\e_gb_ _]h jh^bl_e_c eb[h bgh]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey b h[yaZl_evgh_ aZ dexq_gb_ dhfbkkbb khklhys_c ba ikboheh]Z i_^Z]h]Z b \jZqZ ikbobZljZ AZdexq_gb_ ^he`gh kh^_j`Zlv k\_^_gby h g_h[oh^bfhklb h[mq_gby g_kh\_jr_gghe_lg_]h \ mkeh\byo ki_pbZevghc rdheu ^ey ^_l_c k gZjmr_gb_f bgl_ee_dlmZevgh]h jZa\blby

KlZlvy I_j_\h^ b \uibkdZ ba ikbohg_\jheh]bq_kdh]h mqj_ `^_gby ^ey khpbZevgh]h h[_ki_q_gby beb ki_pbZevgh]h h[mq_gby

Hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey i_j_\h^Z ebpZ ba ikbohg_\jheh]bq_kdh]h mq j_`^_gby ^ey khpbZevgh]h h[_ki_q_gby beb ki_pbZevgh]h h[mq_gby \ ZgZeh]bqgh_ mqj_`^_gb_ h[s_]h lbiZ y\ey_lky aZdexq_gb_ \jZq_[ghc dhfbkkbb k mqZklb_f \jZqZ ikbobZljZ h[ hlkmlkl\bb f_^bpbgkdbo ih dZaZgbc d ijh`b\Zgbx eb[h h[mq_gbx \ ki_pbZebabjh\Zgghf ikboh g_\jheh]bq_kdhf mqj_`^_gbb

<uibkdZ ba ikbohg_\jheh]bq_kdh]h mqj_`^_gby ^ey khpbZev gh]h h[_ki_q_gby beb ki_pbZevgh]h h[mq_gby ijhba\h^blky

Z[a ih aZy\e_gbx jh^bl_e_c bguo jh^kl\_ggbdh\ beb aZ dhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey h[yamxsboky hkms_kl\eylv moh^ aZ \u ibku\Z_fuf g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbf \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l eb[h aZ ebphf ijbagZgguf \ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhghf ihjy^d_ g_^__kih kh[guf

©Hkgh\u aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z JN h dmevlmj_ªhl ]1

Ba\e_q_gb_

KlZlvy H[yaZgghklb ]hkm^Zjkl\Z ih h[_ki_q_gbx ^hklmi ghklb ^ey ]jZ`^Zg dmevlmjghc ^_yl_evghklb dmevlmjguo p_ggh kl_c b [eZ]

=hkm^Zjkl\h hl\_lkl\_ggh i_j_^ ]jZ`^ZgZfb aZ h[_ki_q_gb_ mk eh\bc ^ey h[s_^hklmighklb dmevlmjghc ^_yl_evghklb dmevlmjguo p_gghkl_c b [eZ] < p_eyo h[_ki_q_gby h[s_^hklmighklb dmevlmjghc ^_yl_evghklb dmevlmjguo p_gghkl_c b [eZ] ^ey \k_o ]jZ`^Zg hj]Zgu ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb b mijZ\e_gby hj]Zgu f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_ gby \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\h_c dhfi_l_gpb_c h[yaZgu

Z[a ihhsjylv \ lhf qbke_ q_j_a gZeh]h\mx b p_gh\mx ih eblbdm ^_yl_evghklv ]jZ`^Zg ih ijbh[s_gbx ^_l_c d l\hjq_kl\m b dmevlmjghfm jZa\blbx aZgylbx kZfhh[jZah\Zgb_f ex[bl_ev kdbf bkdmkkl\hf j_f_keZfb

Z[a hkms_kl\eylv k\hc ijhl_dpbhgbaf ihdjh\bl_evkl\h \ h[eZklb dmevlmju ih hlghr_gbx d gZbf_g__ wdhghfbq_kdb b khpb Zevgh aZsbs_gguf kehyf b ]jmiiZf gZk_e_gby

KlZlvy P_gu b p_ghh[jZah\Zgb_ \ h[eZklb dmevlmju

Ijb hj]ZgbaZpbb ieZlguo f_jhijbylbc hj]ZgbaZpbb dmevlm ju h[yaZgu mklZgZ\eb\Zlv ev]hlu ^ey ^_l_c ^hrdhevgh]h \hajZklZ mqZsboky bg\Zeb^h\ \h_gghkem`Zsbo kjhqghc kem`[u

H]jZgbq_gb_ kZfhh[kem`b\Zgby kl_i_gb h[mkeh\e_gh \ujZ `_ggufb klZlh^bgZfbq_kdbfb gZjmr_gbyfb gb`g_c dhg_qghklb g_ \hafh`ghklvx hkms_kl\eylv ^ebl_evgu_ i_j_f_s_gby g_kihkh[gh klvx \uihegylv ih\k_^g_\gu_ [ulh\u_ aZ^Zqb ihdmidZ ijhflh\Zjh\ ijh^mdlh\ b [eZ]h^Zjy khojZgghc nmgdpbb \_jogbo dhg_qghkl_c ijb bkihevah\Zgbb l_ogbq_kdbo kj_^kl\ j_Z[beblZpbb khojZgy_lky kih kh[ghklv h[kem`b\Zlv k_[y \ ijb\uqguo [ulh\uo mkeh\byo

H]jZgbq_gb_ i_j_^\b`_gby kl_i_gb oZjZdl_jbam_lky i_j_ ^\b`_gb_f lhevdh kh \kihfh]Zl_evgufb kj_^kl\Zfb \ mkeh\byo `b eh]h ihk_edZ oh^blv aZ ihdmidZfb \ rdhem \ke_^kl\b_ agZqbl_evgh \ujZ`_gguo klZlh^bgZfbq_kdbo gZjmr_gbc

KhpbZevgh [ulh\hc klZlmk gZjmr_g \ke_^kl\b_ h]jZgbq_gby kZ fhh[kem`b\Zgby kl \ujZ`_ggh]h h]jZgbq_gby i_j_^\b`_gby b qZklbqghc aZ\bkbfhklb hl ihklhjhggbo ebp

J_Z[beblZpbhgguc ijh]gha [eZ]hijbylguc F_^bdh khpbZevgh_ wdki_jlgh_ aZdexq_gb_ j_[_ghd bg\Zeb^

khhl\_lkl\m_l \lhjhc ]jmii_ bg\Zeb^ghklb kjhdhf gZ ]h^ H[hkgh\Zgb_ f_^bdh khpbZevgh]h wdki_jlgh]h aZdexq_gby klhcdb_ \ujZ`_ggu_ klZlh^bgZfbq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby kh klhjhgu gb`gbo dhg_qghkl_c hlkmlkl\b_ g a ]he_gb ijZ\hc gb`g_c dh g_qghklb ijb\h^ysb_ d \ujZ`_gghfm h]jZgbq_gbx `bag_^_y l_evghklb [hevgh]h k qZklbqghc mljZlhc kihkh[ghklb d kZfhh[ kem`b\Zgbx kl kihkh[ghklb d i_j_^\b`_gbx kl h[mkeh \eb\Zxl khpbZevgmx g_^hklZlhqghklv [hevgh]h qZklbqgmx aZ \bkbfhklv hl ^jm]bo ebp g_h[oh^bfhklv khpbZevghc aZsblu b ihfhsb y\eyxlky hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey hij_^_e_gby bg\Zeb^ghklb F_ju khpbZevghc ihfhsb b aZsblu

f_^bpbgkdZy j_Z[beblZpby hi_jZlb\gh_ e_q_gb_ ijhl_abjh \Zgb_ f_^bdZf_glhagZy l_jZiby fZkkZ` END [Zjhl_jZiby lj_gZ`_ju ijh\_^_gb_ ikboheh]h i_^Z]h]bq_kdhc dhjj_dpbb

F_lh^bq_kdb_ ih^oh^u d hij_^_e_gbx bg\Zeb^ghklb ijb ikbobq_kdbo aZ[he_\Zgbyo m ^_l_c

GhjfZevgZy ikbobq_kdZy ^_yl_evghklv q_eh\_dZ h[_ki_qb\Z_lky \aZbfhk\yavx b \aZbfh^_ckl\b_f \k_o ikbobq_kdbo nmgdpbc khagZ gby \hkijbylby wfhpbc \heb iZfylb fure_gby GZjmr_gb_ dZdhc eb[h ^Z`_ h^ghc ba gbo g_ij_f_ggh kdZau\Z_lky \ lhc beb bghc f_j_ gZ ikbobq_kdbo nmgdpbyo \ p_ehf b ke_^h\Zl_evgh gZ `bag_^_yl_ev ghklb

OZjZdl_j \ebygby ikbobq_kdbo jZkkljhckl\ gZ h]jZgbq_gb_ `ba g_^_yl_evghklb djZcg_ jZaghh[jZa_g b aZ\bkbl hl fgh]bo nZdlhjh\² hl ghaheh]bq_kdhc ijbgZ^e_`ghklb ikbohiZlheh]bb kl_i_gb __ \ujZ `_gghklb b ]em[bgu ij_h[eZ^Zxs_]h gZjmr_gby l_o beb bguo ikbob q_kdbo nmgdpbc klZ^bb Zdlb\ghklb wlZiZ b lbiZ l_q_gby iZlheh]bq_ kdh]h ijhp_kkZ hl hkh[_gghkl_c ebqghklb ij_fhj[b^guo b ebqghkl

Соседние файлы в папке Semia