Экспертные системы (Шаповалов ФИБС БТС 10 семестр) / Материалы / Семья / Semia / Semia-spusk

dhiby kijZ\db ih^l\_j`^Zxs_c nZdl mklZgh\e_gby bg\Zeb^ ghklb b dhiby bg^b\b^mZevghc ijh]jZffu j_Z[beblZpbb bg \Zeb^Z

^jm]b_ ^hdmf_glu k mq_lhf dhgdj_lguo h[klhyl_evkl\ kijZ\ db [xjh l_ogbq_kdhc bg\_glZjbaZpbb mqj_`^_gbc a^jZ\h hojZg_gby b l i

Bg\Zeb^u b k_fvb bf_xsb_ ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ ijbgylu_ gZ mq_l ]jZ`^Zg gm`^Zxsboky \ memqr_gbb `bebsguo mkeh\bc \dexqZ xlky \ hl^_evgu_ kibkdb ^ey h[_ki_q_gby `beufb ihf_s_gbyfb \ i_j\hhq_j_^ghf ihjy^d_

@beu_ ihf_s_gby bg\Zeb^Zf b k_fvyf bf_xsbf ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ ij_^hklZ\eyxlky gZ dZ`^h]h qe_gZ k_fvb \ ij_^_eZo ghj fu mklZgZ\eb\Z_fhc hj]ZgZfb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

>hihegbl_evgZy `beZy iehsZ^v \ \b^_ hl^_evghc dhfgZlu ij_ ^hklZ\ey_lky bg\Zeb^Zf \ khhl\_lkl\bb k i_j_qg_f aZ[he_\Zgbc ml \_j`^_gguf IjZ\bl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

Ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ bg\Zeb^m `beh]h ihf_s_gby \ ^hfZo ]hkm^Zj kl\_ggh]h beb fmgbpbiZevgh]h `bebsgh]h nhg^Z hkms_kl\ey_lky k mq_lhf _]h ijZ\Z gZ ^hihegbl_evgmx `bemx iehsZ^v

Ijb ij_^hklZ\e_gbb `beh]h ihf_s_gby bg\Zeb^Zf b k_fv yf bf_xsbf ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ mqblu\Zxlky j_dhf_g^Zpbb bg^b\b ^mZevghc ijh]jZffu j_Z[beblZpbb bg\Zeb^Z khklhygb_ _]h a^hjh\vy Z lZd`_ ^jm]b_ h[klhyl_evkl\Z ijb[eb`_gb_ d e_q_[gh ijhnbeZdlbq_kdhfm mqj_`^_gbx f_klm `bl_evkl\Z jh^guo [ebadbo b

l i

Bg\Zeb^Zf b k_fvyf bf_xsbf ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ aZgbfZ_ fu_ bfb `beu_ ihf_s_gby fh]ml [ulv aZf_g_gu gZ ^jm]b_ jZ\ghp_g gu_ `beu_ ihf_s_gby \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bg^b\b^mZevghc ijh]jZffhc j_Z[beblZpbb bg\Zeb^Z i_j_k_e_gbb k \_jogbo wlZ`_c ^hfh\ gZ gb`gb_ ijb[eb`_gb_ d f_klm `bl_evkl\Z jh^guo [ebadbo b l i

Ijb ihf_s_gbb bg\Zeb^Z \ klZpbhgZjgh_ mqj_`^_gb_ khpb Zevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby `beh_ ihf_s_gb_ \ ^hfZo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h fmgbpbiZevgh]h b h[s_kl\_ggh]h `bebsgh]h nhg^Z aZgbfZ_fh_ bf ih ^h]h\hjm gZcfZ beb Zj_g^u khojZgy_lky aZ gbf \ l_q_gb_ r_klb f_kyp_\ k fhf_glZ ihklmie_gby \ klZpbhgZjgh_ mqj_`^_gb_ khpbZev gh]h h[kem`b\Zgby

IjbagZgb_ bg\Zeb^Z mljZlb\rbf ijZ\h ihevah\Zgby `beuf ih f_s_gb_f \ke_^kl\b_ _]h hlkmlkl\by k\_jo mdZaZggh]h kjhdZ ijb ijh `b\Zgbb \ klZpbhgZjghf mqj_`^_gbb khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ijh ba\h^blky \ ihjy^d_ mklZgh\e_gghf `bebsguf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf

Bg\Zeb^u ijh`b\Zxsb_ \ klZpbhgZjguo mqj_`^_gbyo kh pbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby b `_eZxsb_ ihemqblv `beh_ ihf_s_gb_ ih ^h]h\hjm gZcfZ beb Zj_g^u ijbgbfZxlky gZ mq_l ^ey memqr_gby `b ebsguo mkeh\bc g_aZ\bkbfh hl jZaf_jZ aZgbfZ_fhc \ klZpbhgZjguo

guo lZdh\ufb \ ihjy^d_ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbc kdhc N_^_jZpbb

KlZlvy AZsblZ ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_j_kh\ j_[_gdZ ijb nhjfbjh\Zgbb khpbZevghc bgnjZkljmdlmju ^ey ^_l_c

<eZklb km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb ijb ijbgylbb j_r_gbc ih \hijhkZf khpbZevgh wdhghfbq_kdh]h jZa\blby khhl\_lkl \mxsbo l_jjblhjbc mqblu\Zxl ghjfZlb\u kljhbl_evkl\Z h[t_dlh\ khpbZevghc bgnjZkljmdlmju ^ey ^_l_c LZdb_ ghjfZlb\u mklZgZ\eb \Zxlky IjZ\bl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb b ijbf_gyxlky k mq_ lhf j_]bhgZevguo jZaebqbc ljZ^bpbc gZjh^h\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZ pbb _keb bgh_ g_ mklZgh\e_gh aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h km[t_dlZ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

Ijbgylb_ n_^_jZevguf hj]Zghf bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb hj]Zghf bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb km[t_dlZ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb beb hj]Zghf f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby j_r_gby h j_dhgkljmdpbb fh^_j gbaZpbb h[ baf_g_gbb gZagZq_gby beb h ebd\b^Zpbb h[t_dlZ khpb Zevghc bgnjZkljmdlmju ^ey ^_l_c y\eyxs_]hky ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc bbeb fmgbpbiZevghc kh[kl\_gghklvx g_ ^himkdZ_lky [_a ij_^\Zjb l_evghc wdki_jlghc hp_gdb miheghfhq_gguf hj]Zghf bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb hj]Zghf f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby ihke_^kl\bc ijbgylh]h j_ r_gby ^ey h[_ki_q_gby `bag_^_yl_evghklb h[jZah\Zgby \hkiblZgby b jZa\blby ^_l_c ^ey hdZaZgby bf f_^bpbgkdhc e_q_[gh ijhnbeZdlbq_kdhc ihfhsb ^ey khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby < kemqZ_ hlkmlkl\by wdki_jlghc hp_gdb lZdh_ j_r_gb_ ijbagZ_lky g_^_ckl\b l_evguf k fhf_glZ _]h \ug_k_gby

Bfms_kl\h dhlhjh_ y\ey_lky ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kh[kl\_ggh klvx a_f_evgu_ mqZkldb a^Zgby kljh_gby b khhjm`_gby h[hjm^h\Z gb_ b bgh_ bfms_kl\h dhlhjh_ hlghkblky d h[t_dlZf khpbZevghc bg njZkljmdlmju ^ey ^_l_c b \hagbdgh\_gb_ h[hkh[e_gb_ beb ijbh[j_ l_gb_ dhlhjh]h ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey p_i_c h[jZah\Zgby \hkiblZgby jZa\blby hdZaZgby f_^bpbgkdhc e_q_[gh ijhnbeZdlbq_kdhc ihfhsb ^_lyf khpbZevghc aZsblu b khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ^_l_c fh`_l bkihevah\Zlvky lhevdh \ ^Zgguo p_eyo

?keb ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh_ beb fmgbpbiZevgh_ mqj_`^_gb_ y\ eyxs__ky h[t_dlhf khpbZevghc bgnjZkljmdlmju ^ey ^_l_c k^Z_l \ Zj_g^m aZdj_ie_ggu_ aZ gbf h[t_dlu kh[kl\_gghklb Z lZd`_ a_f_ev gu_ mqZkldb aZdexq_gbx ^h]h\hjZ h[ Zj_g^_ ^he`gZ ij_^r_kl\h\Zlv ijh\h^bfZy mqj_^bl_e_f wdki_jlgZy hp_gdZ ihke_^kl\bc lZdh]h ^h]h \hjZ ^ey h[_ki_q_gby h[jZah\Zgby \hkiblZgby jZa\blby ^_l_c hdZ aZgby bf f_^bpbgkdhc e_q_[gh ijhnbeZdlbq_kdhc ihfhsb khpbZev ghc aZsblu b khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ^_l_c >h]h\hj Zj_g^u g_ fh`_l aZdexqZlvky _keb \ j_amevlZl_ wdki_jlghc hp_gdb mklZgh\e_gZ \hafh`ghklv mom^r_gby mdZaZgguo mkeh\bc >h]h\hj Zj_g^u fh`_l

[ulv ijbagZg g_^_ckl\bl_evguf ih hkgh\Zgbyf mklZgh\e_gguf ]jZ `^Zgkdbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf

Ihjy^hd baf_g_gby gZagZq_gby bfms_kl\Z dhlhjh_ y\ey_l ky fmgbpbiZevghc kh[kl\_gghklvx a_f_evgu_ mqZkldb a^Zgby kljh_ gby b khhjm`_gby h[hjm^h\Zgb_ b bgh_ bfms_kl\h b \hagbdgh\_gb_ h[hkh[e_gb_ beb ijbh[j_l_gb_ dhlhjh]h k\yaZgh k p_eyfb h[jZah\Z gby \hkiblZgby jZa\blby ^_l_c

Baf_g_gb_ gZagZq_gby h[t_dlh\ khpbZevghc bgnjZkljmdlm ju ^ey ^_l_c dhlhju_ y\eyxlky ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kh[kl\_gghklvx b ij_^hklZ\eyxl ^_lyf khpbZevgu_ mkem]b \ h[t_f_ ij_^mkfhlj_gghf ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb fbgbfZevgufb khpbZevgufb klZg^ZjlZfb hkgh\ guo ihdZaZl_e_c dZq_kl\Z `bagb ^_l_c aZij_sZ_lky

Baf_g_gb_ nhjfu kh[kl\_gghklb bfms_kl\Z dhlhjh_ hlgh kblky d h[t_dlZf khpbZevghc bgnjZkljmdlmju ^ey ^_l_c b y\ey_lky ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc beb fmgbpbiZevghc kh[kl\_gghklvx fh`_l hkms_kl \eylvky \ mklZgh\e_gguo aZdhghf h[t_f_ b ihjy^d_ Ijb wlhf n_^_ jZevguf aZdhghf mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky hkh[uc ihjy^hd ijb\ZlbaZpbb jZa ]hkm^Zjkl\e_gby h[t_dlh\ khpbZevghc bgnjZkljmdlmju ^ey ^_l_c k mq_lhf ]ZjZglbjh\Zggh]h h[_ki_q_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo fbgbfZevguo khpbZevguo klZg^Zjlh\ hkgh\guo ihdZaZl_e_c dZq_kl\Z `bagb ^_l_c

KlZlvy AZsblZ ijZ\ ^_l_c gZoh^ysboky \ ljm^ghc `ba g_gghc kblmZpbb

>_lb gZoh^ysb_ky \ ljm^ghc `bag_gghc kblmZpbb bf_xl ijZ\h gZ hkh[mx aZ[hlm b aZsblm kh klhjhgu n_^_jZevguo hj]Zgh\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb hj]Zgh\ aZdhgh^Zl_evghc b bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb hj]Zgh\ f_klgh]h kZfh mijZ\e_gby AZsblZ ijZ\ ^_l_c gZoh^ysboky \ ljm^ghc `bag_gghc kblmZpbb hkms_kl\ey_lky n_^_jZevgufb hj]ZgZfb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb hj]ZgZfb aZdhgh^Zl_evghc b bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb km[t_d lh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb hj]ZgZfb f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby \ kh hl\_lkl\bb k aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb b aZdhgh^Z l_evkl\hf km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb LZdZy aZsblZ ^he`gZ h[_ki_qb\Zlv \u`b\Zgb_ b jZa\blb_ ^_l_c bo mqZklb_ \ h[s_kl\_g ghc `bagb

=hkm^Zjkl\h ]ZjZglbjm_l km^_[gmx aZsblm ijZ\ ^_l_c gZoh^y sboky \ ljm^ghc `bag_gghc kblmZpbb

< p_eyo aZsblu ijZ\ ^_l_c gZoh^ysboky \ ljm^ghc `bag_g ghc kblmZpbb kha^Zxlky khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ khpbZevgu_ kem`[u ^ey ^_l_c dhlhju_ ih ihjmq_gbx dhfi_l_glgh]h hj]ZgZ bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb hj]ZgZ f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby beb gZ hkgh\Zgbb j_r_gby km^Z \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb fbgbfZevgufb khpbZevgufb klZg^ZjlZfb hkgh\guo ihdZaZl_e_c dZq_kl\Z `bagb ^_l_c jZajZ[Zlu \Zxl bg^b\b^mZevgmx ijh]jZffm j_Z[beblZpbb j_[_gdZ MdZaZggZy ijh]jZffZ \dexqZ_l \ k_[y hp_gdm wdki_jlbam khklhygby j_[_gdZ \

^hf_ g_ hl\_qZxs_f mklZgh\e_gguf kZgblZjguf b l_ogb q_kdbf lj_[h\Zgbyf

ijh`b\Zgb_ \ d\ZjlbjZo aZgyluo g_kdhevdbfb k_fvyfb _keb \ khklZ\_ k_fvb bf_xlky [hevgu_ kljZ^Zxsb_ ly`_eufb nhjfZfb g_dhlhjuo ojhgbq_kdbo aZ[he_\Zgbc ijb dhlhjuo kh\f_klgh_ ijh`b\Zgb_ k gbfb ih aZdexq_gbx ]hkm^Zjkl\_g guo beb fmgbpbiZevguo e_q_[gh ijhnbeZdlbq_kdbo mqj_`^_ gbc a^jZ\hhojZg_gby \ h^ghc d\Zjlbj_ g_\hafh`gh

ijh`b\Zgb_ \ kf_`guo g_bahebjh\Zgguo dhfgZlZo ih ^\_ b [he__ k_fvb ijb hlkmlkl\bb jh^kl\_gguo hlghr_gbc

ijh`b\Zgb_ \ h[s_`blbyo aZ bkdexq_gb_f k_ahgguo b \j_ f_gguo jZ[hlgbdh\ ebp jZ[hlZxsbo ih kjhqghfm ljm^h\h fm ^h]h\hjm Z lZd`_ ]jZ`^Zg ihk_eb\rboky \ k\yab k h[m q_gb_f

ijh`b\Zgb_ ^ebl_evgh_ \j_fy gZ mkeh\byo ih^gZcfZ \ ^hfZo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h fmgbpbiZevgh]h b h[s_kl\_ggh]h `bebs gh]h nhg^Z eb[h gZcfZ \ ^hfZo `bebsgh kljhbl_evguo dhh i_jZlb\h\ eb[h \ `beuo ihf_s_gbyo ijbgZ^e_`Zsbo ]jZ` ^ZgZf gZ ijZ\_ kh[kl\_gghklb g_ bf_xsbf ^jm]hc `behc iehsZ^b

Ijb ihklZgh\d_ gZ mq_l ^ey memqr_gby `bebsguo mkeh\bc bg\Z eb^h\ mqblu\Z_lky bo ijZ\h gZ ^hihegbl_evgmx `bemx iehsZ^v

Bg\Zeb^u b k_fvb bf_xsb_ ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ fh]ml [ulv ijb agZggufb gm`^Zxsbfbky \ memqr_gbb `bebsguo mkeh\bc b ih ^jm]bf hkgh\Zgbyf mklZgh\e_gguf aZdhgZfb b bgufb ghjfZlb\gufb ijZ\h \ufb ZdlZfb km[t_dlhf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

Mq_l gm`^Zxsboky \ memqr_gbb `bebsguo mkeh\bc bg\Zeb^h\ b k_f_c bf_xsbo ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ hkms_kl\ey_lky

ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z ki_pbZevgh miheghfhq_gguf hj]Zghf f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby eb[h ki_pbZevgh gZagZq_gguf ^he`ghklguf ebphf

ih f_klm jZ[hlu gZ ij_^ijbylbyo mqj_`^_gbyo b ^jm]bo hj ]ZgbaZpbyo bf_xsbo `bebsguc nhg^ gZ ijZ\_ ohayckl\_g gh]h \_^_gby beb \ hi_jZlb\ghf mijZ\e_gbb

Bg\Zeb^u b k_fvb bf_xsb_ ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ fh]ml khklhylv gZ mq_l_ ^ey memqr_gby `bebsguo mkeh\bc h^gh\j_f_ggh ih f_klm jZ [hlu b ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z

>ey ihklZgh\db gZ mq_l gm`^Zxsboky \ memqr_gbb `bebs guo mkeh\bc bg\Zeb^Zfb b k_fvyfb bf_xsbfb ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ ih ^Z_lky aZy\e_gb_ d dhlhjhfm ijbeZ]Zxlky

\uibkdZ ba ^hfh\hc dgb]b

dhiby nbgZgkh\h]h ebp_\h]h kq_lZ

klhyl_evgh hj]ZgZfb mijZ\e_gby h[jZah\Zgb_f dhfi_gkbjmxlky aZ ljZlu \ jZaf_jZo hij_^_ey_fuo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb b f_klgufb ghj fZlb\Zfb nbgZgkbjh\Zgby aZljZl gZ h[mq_gb_ b \hkiblZgb_ \ ]hkm ^Zjkl\_gghf beb fmgbpbiZevghf h[jZah\Zl_evghf mqj_`^_gbb khhl \_lkl\mxs_]h lbiZ b \b^Z

>hihegbl_evgu_ jZkoh^u k\yaZggu_ k hkms_kl\e_gb_f h[mq_gby b \hkiblZgby j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z gZ ^hfm b \ g_]hkm^Zjkl\_g ghf h[jZah\Zl_evghf mqj_`^_gbb k\_jo mklZgh\e_ggh]h ghjfZlb\Z nbgZgkbjh\Zgby ijhba\h^ylky jh^bl_eyfb aZdhggufb ij_^klZ\bl_ eyfb

©H ij_^hklZ\e_gbb ev]hl bg\Zeb^Zf b k_fvyf bf_xsbf ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ ih h[_ki_q_gbx bo `beufb ihf_s_gbyfb hieZl_ `bevy b dhffmgZevguo mkem]ª‹ hl ]

Hj]ZgZf bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_ jZpbb b hj]ZgZf f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby hkms_kl\blv g_h[oh^bfu_ hj]ZgbaZpbhggu_ f_ju h[_ki_qb\Zxsb_ ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ ev]hl bg\Z eb^Zf b k_fvyf bf_xsbf ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ ih h[_ki_q_gbx bo `b eufb ihf_s_gbyfb hieZl_ `bevy b dhffmgZevguo mkem] ih ihemq_ gbx a_f_evguo mqZkldh\ ^ey bg^b\b^mZevgh]h `bebsgh]h kljhbl_ev kl\Z \_^_gby ih^kh[gh]h b ^Zqgh]h ohayckl\Z b kZ^h\h^kl\Z \ khhl \_lkl\bb k IjZ\beZfb ml\_j`^_ggufb gZklhysbf ihklZgh\e_gb_f Z lZd`_ ih h[hjm^h\Zgbx `beuo ihf_s_gbc aZgbfZ_fuo bg\Zeb^Zfb ki_pbZevgufb kj_^kl\Zfb b ijbkihkh[e_gbyfb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bg ^b\b^mZevghc ijh]jZffhc j_Z[beblZpbb bg\Zeb^Z

IJ:<BE: IJ?>HKL:<E?GBY EV=HL BG<:EB>:F B K?FVYF BF?XSBF >?L?C BG<:EB>H< IH H;?KI?Q?GBX BO @BEUFB IHF?S?GBYFB HIE:L? @BEVY B DHFFMG:EVGUO MKEM=

Bg\Zeb^u b k_fvb bf_xsb_ ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ gm`^Zxsb_ky \ memqr_gbb `bebsguo mkeh\bc ijbgbfZxlky gZ mq_l b h[_ki_qb\Z xlky `beufb ihf_s_gbyfb k mq_lhf ev]hl mklZgh\e_gguo N_^_jZev guf aZdhghf©H khpbZevghc aZsbl_ bg\Zeb^h\ \ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZ pbbª ih h[_ki_q_gbx `beufb ihf_s_gbyfb hieZl_ `bevy b dhffm gZevguo mkem] ih ihemq_gbx a_f_evguo mqZkldh\ ^ey bg^b\b^mZevgh ]h `bebsgh]h kljhbl_evkl\Z Z lZd`_ \_^_gby ih^kh[gh]h b ^Zqgh]h ohayckl\Z b kZ^h\h^kl\Z \ khhl\_lkl\bb k mklZgh\e_gguf ihjy^dhf b iheh`_gbyfb gZklhysbo IjZ\be

Hkgh\Zgbyfb ijbagZgby bg\Zeb^h\ b k_f_c bf_xsbo ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ gm`^Zxsbfbky \ memqr_gbb `bebsguo mkeh\bc ^ey ijbgy lby gZ mq_l y\eyxlky

h[_ki_q_gghklv `bev_f gZ dZ`^h]h qe_gZ k_fvb gb`_ mjh\gy mklZgZ\eb\Z_fh]h hj]ZgZfb bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb km[t_d lh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb ijh`b\Zgb_ \ `behf ihf_s_gb_

lhf qbke_ ijh\_^_ggmx mqj_`^_gbyfb a^jZ\hhojZg_gby hp_gdm kh klhygby a^hjh\vy j_[_gdZ ikboheh]bq_kdb_ b bgu_ Zglbdjbabkgu_ f_ju Z lZd`_ ^he]hkjhqgu_ f_ju ih khpbZevghc j_Z[beblZpbb j_ [_gdZ dhlhju_ hkms_kl\eyxlky khpbZevghc kem`[hc kZfhklhyl_evgh beb kh\f_klgh k h[jZah\Zl_evgufb mqj_`^_gbyfb mqj_`^_gbyfb a^jZ\hhojZg_gby b ^jm]bfb mqj_`^_gbyfb

< kemqZ_ mklZgh\e_gby km^hf \bgu jh^bl_e_c ebp bo aZf_gyx sbo \ gZjmr_gbb ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_j_kh\ ^_l_c dhfi_gkZpby \j_ ^Z gZg_k_ggh]h ^_lyf hij_^_ey_lky km^hf k mq_lhf ijh\_^_gby g_ h[oh^bfuo f_j ih khpbZevghc j_Z[beblZpbb b khpbZevghc Z^ZilZpbb ^_l_c

H[s_kl\_ggu_ h[t_^bg_gby hj]ZgbaZpbb b bgu_ g_dhf f_jq_kdb_ hj]ZgbaZpbb \ lhf qbke_ f_`^mgZjh^gu_ h[t_^bg_gby hj ]ZgbaZpbb \ ebp_ k\hbo hl^_e_gbc \ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb hkms_ kl\eyxl k\hx ^_yl_evghklv ih aZsbl_ ijZ\ ^_l_c gZoh^ysboky \ ljm^ghc `bag_gghc kblmZpbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k h[s_ijbagZggufb ijbgpbiZfb b ghjfZfb f_`^mgZjh^gh]h ijZ\Z f_`^mgZjh^gufb ^h ]h\hjZfb Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_ ^_jZpbb b aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb MdZ aZggu_ h[t_^bg_gby hj]ZgbaZpbb \ijZ\_ \ km^_[ghf ihjy^d_ hkiZ jb\Zlv g_ijZ\hf_jgu_ ms_feyxsb_ beb gZjmrZxsb_ ijZ\Z ^_l_c gZoh^ysboky \ ljm^ghc `bag_gghc kblmZpbb ^_ckl\by ^he`ghklguo ebp hj]Zgh\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb b mqj_`^_gbc hj]ZgbaZpbc ]jZ `^Zg \ lhf qbke_ jh^bl_e_c ebp bo aZf_gyxsbo i_^Z]h]bq_kdbo f_^bpbgkdbo khpbZevguo jZ[hlgbdh\ b ^jm]bo ki_pbZebklh\ \ h[eZk lb jZ[hlu k ^_lvfb

Ijb j_]mebjh\Zgbb \g_km^_[guo ijhp_^mj k\yaZgguo k mqZ klb_f ^_l_c b beb aZsblhc bo ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_j_kh\ Z lZd`_ ijb ijbgylbb j_r_gbc h gZdZaZgbyo dhlhju_ fh]ml ijbf_gylvky d g_ kh\_jr_gghe_lgbf kh\_jrb\rbf ijZ\hgZjmr_gby ^he`ghklgu_ eb pZ hj]Zgh\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby ^_ckl \mxl \ khhl\_lkl\bb k h[s_ijbagZggufb ijbgpbiZfb b ghjfZfb f_` ^mgZjh^gh]h ijZ\Z ghjfZfb ij_^mkfhlj_ggufb f_`^mgZjh^gufb ^h]h\hjZfb Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb \ lhf qbke_ \ qZklb ]mfZggh]h h[ jZs_gby k g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbfb hdZaZgby bf d\Zebnbpbjh\Zgghc xjb^bq_kdhc ihfhsb aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

H[yaZl_evgufb y\eyxlky h[_ki_q_gb_ ijbhjbl_lZ ebqgh]h b kh pbZevgh]h [eZ]hihemqby j_[_gdZ h[_ki_q_gb_ ki_pbZebaZpbb ijZ\h ijbf_gbl_evguo ijhp_^mj ^_ckl\bc k _]h mqZklb_f beb \ _]h bgl_j_ kZo mq_l hkh[_gghkl_c \hajZklZ b khpbZevgh]h iheh`_gby j_[_gdZ

?keb j_[_ghd k mqZklb_f dhlhjh]h beb \ bgl_j_kZo dhlhjh]h hkms_kl\ey_lky ijZ\hijbf_gbl_evgZy ijhp_^mjZ ^_ckl\b_ gm`^Z _lky \ i_^Z]h]bq_kdhc ikboheh]bq_kdhc f_^bpbgkdhc xjb^bq_kdhc ihfhsb \ khpbZevghc j_Z[beblZpbb ^he`ghklgh_ ebph hkms_kl\ eyxs__ ijZ\hijbf_gbl_evgmx ijhp_^mjm ^_ckl\b_ g_aZ\bkbfh hl

ij_^f_lZ jZkkfhlj_gby khh[sZ_l \ dhfi_l_glguc hj]Zg h g_h[oh^b fhklb ijbgylby khhl\_lkl\mxsbo f_j b ijhkbl m\_^hfblv _]h h ij_^ ijbgyluo ^_ckl\byo

KlZlvy =hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy ih^^_j`dZ hj]Zgh\ f_klgh]h kZ fhmijZ\e_gby hkms_kl\eyxsbo ^_yl_evghklv ih aZsbl_ ijZ\ b aZ dhgguo bgl_j_kh\ ^_l_c

< khhl\_lkl\bb k ij_^f_lhf \_^_gby hj]Zgu f_klgh]h kZfh mijZ\e_gby fh]ml ijbgbfZlv j_r_gby h[ hkms_kl\e_gbb f_jhijbylbc ih aZsbl_ ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_j_kh\ ^_l_c dhhj^bgbjh\Zlv k\hb ^_ckl\by k ^_ckl\byfb hj]Zgh\ bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb \ qZklb ih^ ^_j`db n_^_jZevguo j_]bhgZevguo f_klguo ijh]jZff aZsblu ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_j_kh\ ^_l_c ih^^_j`db ^_lkl\Z Z lZd`_ f_jhijbylbc hkms_kl\ey_fuo \ ^Zgghc h[eZklb

Hj]Zgu f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby fh]ml aZdexqZlv ^h]h\hju k xjb^bq_kdbfb b nbabq_kdbfb ebpZfb h[ hdZaZgbb mkem] ih khpbZev ghfm h[kem`b\Zgbx ^_l_c \ lhf qbke_ ^_l_c gZoh^ysboky \ ljm^ghc `bag_gghc kblmZpbb

NbgZgkbjh\Zgb_ mdZaZgguo \ gZklhys_c klZlv_ f_jhijbylbc hkms_kl\ey_lky \ ihjy^d_ mklZgh\e_gghf ghjfZlb\gufb ijZ\h\ufb ZdlZfb ij_^klZ\bl_evguo hj]Zgh\ f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby

KlZlvy =hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy ih^^_j`dZ h[s_kl\_gguo h[t_ ^bg_gbc hj]ZgbaZpbb b bguo g_dhff_jq_kdbo hj]ZgbaZpbc ]jZ`^Zg hkms_kl\eyxsbo ^_yl_evghklv ih aZsbl_ ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_ j_kh\ ^_l_c

Ev]hlu b dhfi_gkZpbb h[s_kl\_gguf h[t_^bg_gbyf hj]ZgbaZ pbyf b bguf g_dhff_jq_kdbf hj]ZgbaZpbyf ]jZ`^ZgZf hkms_kl\ eyxsbf ^_yl_evghklv ih aZsbl_ ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_j_kh\ ^_l_c mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky aZdhgZfb Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb b aZdhgZfb km[t_d lh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

NbgZgkbjh\Zgb_ ijh_dlh\ b ijh]jZff h[s_kl\_gguo h[t_^b g_gbc hj]ZgbaZpbc b bguo g_dhff_jq_kdbo hj]ZgbaZpbc ]jZ`^Zg hkms_kl\eyxsbo ^_yl_evghklv ih aZsbl_ ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bgl_j_ kh\ ^_l_c \ qZklb kha^Zgby mqj_`^_gbc khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ^_l_c hkms_kl\ey_lky gZ dhgdmjkghc hkgh\_ Mkeh\by dhgdmjkZ hi j_^_ey_l hkms_kl\eyxsbc f_jhijbylby ih j_ZebaZpbb ]hkm ^Zjkl\_gghc iheblbdb \ bgl_j_kZo ^_l_c khhl\_lkl\mxsbc hj]Zg bk ihegbl_evghc \eZklb

NbgZgkbjh\Zgb_ b fZl_jbZevgh l_ogbq_kdh_ h[_ki_q_gb_ mdZ aZgguo ijh_dlh\ b ijh]jZff fh]ml ijh\h^blvky gZ mkeh\byo ]hkm^Zj kl\_ggh]h aZdZaZ

Hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey hj]ZgbaZpbb h[mq_gby gZ ^hfm j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z y\ey_lky aZdexq_gb_ e_q_[gh ijhnbeZdlbq_kdh]h mqj_` ^_gby

I_j_q_gv aZ[he_\Zgbc gZebqb_ dhlhjuo ^Z_l ijZ\h gZ h[mq_gb_ gZ ^hfm ml\_j`^Z_lky Fbgbkl_jkl\hf a^jZ\hhojZg_gby b f_^bpbg kdhc ijhfure_gghklb Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

H[mq_gb_ gZ ^hfm ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ hkms_kl\ey_l h[jZah\Z l_evgh_ mqj_`^_gb_ j_Zebamxs__ h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ ijh]jZffu^Ze__ bf_gm_lky h[jZah\Zl_evgh_ mqj_`^_gb_ dZd ijZ\beh [eb `Zcr__ d bo f_klm `bl_evkl\Z

AZqbke_gb_ j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z \ h[jZah\Zl_evgh_ mqj_`^_ gb_ hkms_kl\ey_lky \ h[s_f ihjy^d_ mklZgh\e_gghf aZdhgh^Zl_ev kl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb ^ey ijb_fZ ]jZ`^Zg \ h[s_h[jZah\Z l_evgu_ mqj_`^_gby

H[jZah\Zl_evgh_ mqj_`^_gb_ ^_lyf bg\Zeb^Zf h[mqZx sbfky gZ ^hfm

ij_^hklZ\ey_l gZ \j_fy h[mq_gby [_kieZlgh mq_[gbdb mq_[ gmx kijZ\hqgmx b ^jm]mx ebl_jZlmjm bf_xsb_ky \ [b[ebh l_d_ h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgh]h mqj_`^_gby

h[_ki_qb\Z_l ki_pbZebklZfb ba qbkeZ i_^Z]h]bq_kdbo jZ[hl gbdh\ hdZau\Z_l f_lh^bq_kdmx b dhgkmevlZlb\gmx ihfhsv g_h[oh^bfmx ^ey hk\h_gby h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguo ijh]jZff

hkms_kl\ey_l ijhf_`mlhqgmx b blh]h\mx Zll_klZpbx

\u^Z_l ijhr_^rbf blh]h\mx Zll_klZpbx ^hdmf_gl ]hkm^Zj kl\_ggh]h h[jZapZ h khhl\_lkl\mxs_f h[jZah\Zgbb

Jh^bl_eb aZdhggu_ ij_^klZ\bl_eb fh]ml ijb h[mq_gbb j_ [_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z gZ ^hfm ^hihegbl_evgh ijb]eZrZlv i_^Z]h]bq_kdbo jZ[hlgbdh\ ba ^jm]bo h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguo mqj_`^_gbc LZdb_ i_^Z ]h]bq_kdb_ jZ[hlgbdb ih ^h]h\hj_gghklb k h[jZah\Zl_evguf mqj_ `^_gb_f fh]ml mqZkl\h\Zlv kh\f_klgh k i_^Z]h]bq_kdbfb jZ[hlgbdZfb ^Zggh]h h[jZah\Zl_evgh]h mqj_`^_gby \ ijh\_^_gbb ijhf_`mlhqghc b blh]h\hc Zll_klZpbb j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z

H[mq_gb_ b \hkiblZgb_ j_[_gdZ bg\Zeb^Z \ g_]h km^Zjkl\_gghf h[jZah\Zl_evghf mqj_`^_gbb bf_xs_f ]hkm^Zjkl \_ggmx Zddj_^blZpbx b j_Zebamxs_f h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ ijh ]jZffu fh`_l hkms_kl\eylvky lhevdh ijb gZebqbb \ g_f ki_pbZev guo h[jZah\Zl_evguo mkeh\bc ^ey h[mq_gby b \hkiblZgby \dexqZy ki_pbZevgu_ h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ ijh]jZffu jZajZ[hlZggu_ k mq_lhf bg^b\b^mZevghc ijh]jZffu j_Z[beblZpbb bg\Zeb^h\ dhjj_dpbhggu_ f_lh^u l_ogbq_kdb_ kj_^kl\Z kj_^m `bag_^_yl_evghklb ki_pbZevgh ih^]hlh\e_gguo i_^Z]h]h\ Z lZd`_ f_^bpbgkdh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ khpb Zevgu_ b bgu_ mkeh\by [_a dhlhjuo g_\hafh`gh aZljm^g_gh hk\h_ gb_ h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguo ijh]jZff ^_lvfb bg\Zeb^Zfb

Jh^bl_eyf aZdhgguf ij_^klZ\bl_eyf bf_xsbf ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ hkms_kl\eyxsbf \hkiblZgb_ b h[mq_gb_ bo gZ ^hfm kZfh

G_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbf ^_lyf gZoh^ysbfky \ ljm^ghc `bag_gghc kblmZpbb khpbZevgu_ mkem]b hdZau\Zxlky [_a bo ibkvf_ggh]h aZy\e_ gby b kijZ\db h ^hoh^Zo

DhgkmevlZlb\gZy ihfhsv \ mklghc ibkvf_gghc beb aZhqghc ih l_e_nhgm nhjf_ hdZau\Z_lky [_a ibkvf_ggh]h aZy\e_gby

Ijb ij_^hklZ\e_gbb mqj_`^_gbyfb ij_^ijbylbyfb khpbZevgh ]h h[kem`b\Zgby khpbZevguo mkem] hdZau\Z_fuo \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bo mklZ\Zfb beb bgufb mqj_^bl_evgufb ^hdmf_glZfb Zghgbfgh ^hdm f_gl m^hklh\_jyxsbc bgufb mqj_^bl_evgufb ^hdmf_glZfb Zghgbf gh ^hdmf_gl m^hklh\_jyxsbc ebqghklv ]jZ`^ZgbgZ g_ lj_[m_lky

Ijb hdZaZgbb ieZlguo khpbZevguo mkem] ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ khpbZevgu_ kem`[u aZdexqZxl k ]jZ`^ZgZfb beb bo aZdhggufb ij_^ klZ\bl_eyfb khhl\_lkl\mxsbc ^h]h\hj gZ hkgh\_ ijbf_jgh]h ^h]h\h jZ ml\_j`^Z_fh]h Fbgbkl_jkl\hf khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

< ^h]h\hj_ gZ ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ ieZlguo khpbZevguo mkem] mdZau \Zxlky \b^u b h[t_f ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo mkem] kjhdb \ dhlhju_ hgb ^he`gu [ulv ij_^hklZ\e_gu ihjy^hd b jZaf_j bo hieZlu Z lZd`_ ^jm]b_ mkeh\by hij_^_ey_fu_ klhjhgZfb

Baf_g_gb_ b jZklhj`_gb_ ^h]h\hjh\ hkms_kl\eyxlky \ khhl\_l kl\bb k aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

GZ [_kieZlgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ^h]h\hju g_ aZ dexqZxlky

Hkgh\Zgby b ihjy^hd hdZaZgby ]jZ`^ZgZf fZl_jbZevghc ih fhsb \ \b^_ ^_g_`guo kj_^kl\ ijh^mdlh\ iblZgby kj_^kl\ kZgblZjbb b ]b]b_gu kj_^kl\ moh^Z aZ ^_lvfb h^_`^u h[m\b b ^jm]bo ij_^f_ lh\ i_j\hc g_h[oh^bfhklb lhieb\Z Z lZd`_ ki_pbZevguo ljZgkihjl guo kj_^kl\ l_ogbq_kdbo kj_^kl\ j_Z[beblZpbb bg\Zeb^h\ b ebp gm `^Zxsboky \ ihklhjhgg_f moh^_ mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky hj]ZgZfb bkihegb l_evghc \eZklb km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

©H[ ml\_j`^_gbb Ihjy^dZ \hkiblZgby b h[mq_gby ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ gZ ^hfm b \ g_]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo h[jZah\Zl_evguo mqj_`^_gbyoª‹ hl ]

Ba\e_q_gb_

IHJY>HD <HKIBL:GBY B H;MQ?GBY >?L?C BG<:EB>H< G: >HFM B < G?=HKM>:JKL<?GGUO H;J:AH<:L?EVGUO MQJ?@>?GBYO : L:D@? J:AF?JU DHFI?GK:PBB A:LJ:L JH>BL?E?CA:DHGGUO IJ?>KL:<BL?E?C G: WLB P?EB

>ey ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ dhlhju_ ih khklhygbx a^hjh\vy \j_ f_ggh beb ihklhyggh g_ fh]ml ihk_sZlv h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ mqj_ `^_gby hj]Zgu mijZ\e_gby h[jZah\Zgb_f b h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ mqj_` ^_gby j_Zebamxsb_ h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ ijh]jZffu k kh]eZkby jh^bl_e_c aZdhgguo ij_^klZ\bl_e_c h[_ki_qb\Zxl h[mq_gb_ wlbo ^_l_c gZ ^hfm

KlZlvy =hkm^Zjkl\_gguc aZdZa gZ ijhba\h^kl\h lh\Zjh\ b hdZaZgb_ mkem] ^ey ^_l_c

Mkem]b p_gljh\ khpbZevghc ihfhsb k_fv_ b ^_lyf mqj_` ^_gbc j_Z[beblZpbb b khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ^_l_c bg\Zeb^h\ p_gljh\ ikboheh]h i_^Z]h]bq_kdhc ihfhsb gZk_e_gbx khpbZevguo ijbxlh\ ^ey ^_l_c b ih^jhkldh\ khpbZevgh j_Z[beblZpbhgguo p_g ljh\ ^ey g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbo b ^jm]bo khpbZevguo kem`[ ^ey ^_l_c \dexq_ggu_ \ khklZ\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo fbgbfZevguo khpbZevguo klZg^Zjlh\ hkgh\guo ihdZaZl_e_c dZq_kl\Z `bagb ^_l_c dZd ijZ\beh hdZau\Zxlky \ ihjy^d_ \uiheg_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h aZdZaZ

KhpbZevgu_ kem`[u g_aZ\bkbfh hl hj]ZgbaZpbhggh ijZ\h\uo nhjf b nhjf kh[kl\_gghklb \ kemqZ_ jZaf_s_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h aZdZaZ gZ hdZaZgb_ mkem] ^ey ^_l_c ijb j_ZebaZpbb ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h aZdZaZ jmdh\h^kl\mxlky khpbZevgufb ghjfZlb\Zfb b ghjfZfb ij_^m kfhlj_ggufb aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb ^ey khhl\_l kl\mxsbo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo mqj_`^_gbc b hj]ZgbaZpbc

KlZlvy Km^_[guc ihjy^hd jZaj_r_gby kihjh\ ijb bkiheg_ gbb gZklhys_]h N_^_jZevgh]h aZdhgZ

Jh^bl_eb ebpZ bo aZf_gyxsb_ Z lZd`_ ebpZ hkms_kl\ eyxsb_ f_jhijbylby ih h[jZah\Zgbx \hkiblZgbx jZa\blbx hojZg_ a^hjh\vy khpbZevghc aZsbl_ b khpbZevghfm h[kem`b\Zgbx j_[_gdZ kh^_ckl\bx _]h khpbZevghc Z^ZilZpbb khpbZevghc j_Z[beblZpbb bbeb bgu_ f_jhijbylby k _]h mqZklb_f \ijZ\_ h[jZlblvky \ mklZgh\ e_gghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb ihjy^d_ \ km^ k bk dhf h \haf_s_gbb j_[_gdm \j_^Z ijbqbg_ggh]h _]h a^hjh\vx bfms_ kl\m Z lZd`_ fhjZevgh]h \j_^Z

Ijb jZkkfhlj_gbb \ km^Zo ^_e h aZsbl_ ijZ\ b aZdhgguo bg l_j_kh\ j_[_gdZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy ihrebgZ g_ \abfZ_lky

©H ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsbªhl bxey ]h^Z ‹ NA

Ba\e_q_gb_

GZklhysbc N_^_jZevguc aZdhg mklZgZ\eb\Z_l ijZ\h\u_ b hj]Z gbaZpbhggu_ hkgh\u hdZaZgby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb fZehbfmsbf k_fvyf beb fZehbfmsbf h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxsbf ]jZ` ^ZgZf

Ij_^f_lhf j_]mebjh\Zgby gZklhys_]h N_^_jZevgh]h aZdhgZ g_ y\eyxlky hlghr_gby k\yaZggu_ k ij_^hklZ\e_gb_f ]jZ`^ZgZf ev]hl b khpbZevguo ]ZjZglbc mklZgh\e_gguo aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf JN

KlZlvy Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby

>ey p_e_c gZklhys_]h N_^_jZevgh]h aZdhgZ bkihevamxlky ke_ ^mxsb_ hkgh\gu_ ihgylby

x ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy khpbZevgZy ihfhsv ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ fZeh bfmsbf k_fvyf beb fZehbfmsbf h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxsbf ]jZ

`^ZgZf aZ kq_l kj_^kl\ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo [x^`_lh\ [x^`_l ghc kbkl_fu JN khpbZevguo ihkh[bc km[kb^bc dhfi_gkZpbc `bag_ggh g_h[oh^bfuo lh\Zjh\

x khpbZevgh_ ihkh[b_ [_a\haf_a^gh_ ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ ]jZ`^Z gZf hij_^_e_gghc ^_g_`ghc kmffu aZ kq_l kj_^kl\ khhl\_lkl \mxsbo [x^`_lh\ [x^`_lghc kbkl_fu JN

x km[kb^by bf_xsZy p_e_\h_ gZagZq_gb_ hieZlZ ij_^hklZ\ ey_fuo ]jZ`^ZgZf fZl_jbZevguo [eZ] beb hdZau\Z_fuo mkem] x dhfi_gkZpby \haf_s_gb_ ]jZ`^ZgZf ijhba\_^_gguo bfb

jZkoh^h\ mklZgh\e_gguo aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf

KlZlvy P_eb hdZaZgby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb

=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy khpbZevgZy ihfhsv hdZau\Z_lky \ p_eyo

x ih^^_j`Zgby mjh\gy `bagb fZehbfmsbo k_f_c Z lZd`_ fZeh bfmsbo h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxsbo ]jZ`^Zg kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ dhlhjuo gb`_ \_ebqbgu ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_g gh]h \ khhl\_lkl\mxs_f km[t_dl_ JN

x Z^j_kgh]h b jZpbhgZevgh]h bkihevah\Zgby [x^`_lguo kj_^kl\

KlZlvy I_jbh^u hdZaZgby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ih fhsb

=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy khpbZevgZy ihfhsv fh`_l hdZau\Zlvky _^bgh \j_f_ggh beb gZ i_jbh^ g_ f_g__ lj_o f_kyp_\

KlZlvy IhemqZl_eb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb

IhemqZl_eyfb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb fh]ml [ulv fZehbfmsb_ k_fvb b fZehbfmsb_ h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxsb_ ]jZ`^Zg_ dhlhju_ ih g_aZ\bkysbf hl gbo ijbqbgZf bf_xl kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^h oh^ gb`_ \_ebqbgu ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h \ khhl \_lkl\mxs_f km[t_dl_ JN

KlZlvy Ihjy^hd gZagZq_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb

=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy khpbZevgZy ihfhsv gZagZqZ_lky j_r_gb_f hj]ZgZ khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z eb[h ih f_klm ij_[u\Zgby fZehbfms_c k_fvb beb fZehbfms_]h h^bghdh ijh `b\Zxs_]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ

=hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy khpbZevgZy ihfhsv gZagZqZ_lky gZ hkgh \Zgbb aZy\e_gby ]jZ`^ZgbgZ \ ibkvf_gghc nhjf_ hl k_[y ebqgh ^ey h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxsbo fZehbfmsbo ]jZ`^Zg beb hl bf_gb k\h_c k_ fvb aZy\e_gby hi_dmgZ ihi_qbl_ey ^jm]h]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey ]jZ`^ZgbgZ \ hj]Zgu khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ih f_klm `bl_ev kl\Z beb ih f_klm ij_[u\Zgby \ dhlhjhf aZy\bl_e_f mdZau\Zxlky

©H ij_^hklZ\e_gbb [_kieZlgh]h khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby b ieZlguo khpbZevguo mkem] ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb khpbZevgufb kem`[Zfbª‹ hl ]

IHEH@?GB? H IJ?>HKL:<E?GBB ;?KIE:LGH=H KHPB:EVGH=H H;KEM@B<:GBY B IE:LGUO KHPB:EVGUO MKEM= =HKM>:JKL<?GGUFB KHPB:EVGUFB KEM@;:FB

;_kieZlgh_ khpbZevgh_ h[kem`b\Zgb_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb khpbZevgufb kem`[Zfb \ h[t_fZo hij_^_e_gguo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb klZg^ZjlZfb khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ij_^hklZ\ey_lky

]jZ`^ZgZf g_ kihkh[guf d kZfhh[kem`b\Zgbx \ k\yab k ij_ dehgguf \hajZklhf [he_agvx bg\Zeb^ghklvx g_ bf_xsbf jh^kl\_ggbdh\ dhlhju_ fh]ml h[_ki_qblv bf ihfhsv b moh^ _keb kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ wlbo ]jZ`^Zg gb`_ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey j_]bhgZ \ dhlhjhf hgb ijh`b \Zxl

]jZ`^ZgZf gZoh^ysbfky \ ljm^ghc `bag_gghc kblmZpbb \ k\yab k [_ajZ[hlbp_c klbobcgufb [_^kl\byfb dZlZkl jhnZfb ihkljZ^Z\rbf \ j_amevlZl_ \hhjm`_gguo b f_ `wlgbq_kdbo dhgnebdlh\

g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbf ^_lyf gZoh^ysbfky \ ]jm^ghc `bag_g ghc kblmZpbb \ k\yab k bg\Zeb^ghklvx [he_agvx kbjhlkl\hf [_agZ^ahjghklvx fZehh[_ki_q_gghklvx dhgnebdlZfb b `_k lhdbf h[jZs_gb_f \ k_fv_ b lhfm ih^h[guf

AZ ieZlm qZklbqgmx beb ihegmx hkgh\gu_ \b^u khpbZev guo mkem] ij_^hklZ\eyxlky ]jZ`^ZgZf ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb khpbZevgu fb kem`[Zfb gZ mkeh\byo mklZgh\e_gguo ihklZgh\e_gb_f IjZ\bl_ev kl\Z Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb hl Zij_ey ] ‹©H ihjy^d_ b mkeh\byo hieZlu khpbZevguo mkem] ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo ]jZ`^ZgZf ih `beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb b fmgbpbiZevgufb mqj_`^_gbyfb khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgbyª aZ bkdexq_gb_f kemqZ_\ mdZaZgguo \ imgdl_ gZklhys_]h Iheh`_gby

LZjbnu gZ khpbZevgu_ mkem]b hdZau\Z_fu_ gZk_e_gbx ]h km^Zjkl\_ggufb khpbZevgufb kem`[Zfb mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky hj]ZgZfb bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

J_r_gb_ h[ mkeh\byo hdZaZgby khpbZevguo mkem] [_k ieZlgh k qZklbqghc beb iheghc hieZlhc ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufb khpb Zevgufb kem`[Zfb ijbgbfZ_lky Z^fbgbkljZpb_c mqj_`^_gbyij_^ijbylby khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby gZ hkgh\Zgbb ij_^klZ\ e_gguo ]jZ`^ZgZfb beb bo aZdhggufb ij_^klZ\bl_eyfb \ khhl\_l kl\mxsb_ khpbZevgu_ kem`[u ibkvf_ggh]h aZy\e_gby kijZ\db h ^hoh^Zo \u^Z\Z_fhc \ ihjy^d_ mklZgh\e_gghf hj]ZgZfb ]hkm^Zj kl\_gghc \eZklb km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb Z lZd`_ ^hdmf_g lZ m^hklh\_jyxs_]h ebqghklv ]jZ`^ZgbgZ

=jZ`^Zg_ ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^u ijh`b\Zxsb_ \ k_fvyo beb bf_xsb_ jh^kl\_ggbdh\ h[yaZgguo \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ^_ckl\mx sbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf bo kh^_j`Zlv ij_^klZ\eyxl lZd`_

kijZ\dm hj]Zgh\ f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby beb `bebsgh wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ij_^ijbylbc h khklZ\_ k_fvª k mdZaZgb_f ^Zlu jh`^_gby dZ`^h]h qe_gZ k_fvb b jh^kl\_gguo hlghr_ gbc

kijZ\db hl dZ`^h]h qe_gZ k_fvb jh^kl\_ggbdZ k f_klZ jZ[h lu kem`[u mq_[u h jZaf_jZo aZjZ[hlghc ieZlu b ^jm]bo ^h oh^h\

>hdmf_glu fh]ml [ulv ij_^klZ\e_gu \ ih^ebggbd_ beb \ dhibb aZ\_j_gghc \ mklZgh\e_gghf ihjy^d_

Ijb hdZaZgbb khpbZevguo mkem] gZ mkeh\byo qZklbqghc beb iheghc hieZlu mqj_`^_gby khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby h[yaZgu aZ dexqZlv k ]jZ`^ZgZfb ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zfb beb k bo aZ dhggufb ij_^klZ\bl_eyfb ^h]h\hju mklZgh\e_gghc nhjfu hij_^_ eyxsb_ \b^u b h[t_f ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo mkem] kjhdb \ dhlhju_ ^he` gu [ulv ij_^hklZ\e_gu mkem]b Z lZd`_ ihjy^hd b jZaf_j bo hieZlu

Baf_g_gb_ b jZklhj`_gb_ ^h]h\hjZ hkms_kl\eyxlky \ khhl\_l kl\bb k ^_ckl\mxsbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf

J_r_gb_ h[ mkeh\byo hdZaZgby khpbZevguo mkem] [_kieZl gh k qZklbqghc beb iheghc hieZlhc b jZaf_j \abfZ_fhc k ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ ieZlu aZ khpbZevgu_ mkem]b i_j_ kfZljb\Zxlky Z^fbgbkljZpb_c mqj_`^_gbc khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Z gby ijb baf_g_gbb jZaf_jh\ i_gkbc ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg \Zeb^h\ gZ^[Z\hd d i_gkbyf kj_^g_^mr_\h]h ^hoh^Z k_f_c \ dhlh juo hgb ijh`b\Zxl beb ijh`b\Zeb ^h ihklmie_gby \ klZpbhgZjgh_ mq j_`^_gb_ khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ \ ^Zg ghf j_]bhg_ Z lZd`_ ^jm]bo h[klhyl_evkl\ \ebyxsbo gZ mkeh\by ij_ ^hklZ\e_gby khpbZevguo mkem] gh g_ j_`_ ^\mo jZa \ ]h^

Kj_^kl\Z ihklmiZxsb_ hl hieZlu khpbZevguo mkem] aZ qbkeyxlky gZ kq_lZ mqj_`^_gbc khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby b gZ ijZ\eyxlky gZ ^Zevg_cr__ jZa\blb_ khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby b klbfmebjh\Zgb_ ljm^Z khpbZevguo jZ[hlgbdh\ wlbo mqj_`^_gbc \ jZaf_j_ hij_^_ey_fhf hj]ZgZfb khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby \ \_^_gbb dhlhjuo gZoh^ylky mdZaZggu_ mqj_`^_gby k\_jo [x^`_lguo Zkkb]gh\Zgbc

k\_^_gby h khklZ\_ k_fvb ^hoh^Zo b ijbgZ^e_`Zs_f _fm _]h k_fv_ bfms_kl\_ gZ ijZ\_ kh[kl\_gghklb

Ij_^klZ\e_ggu_ aZy\bl_e_f k\_^_gby fh]ml [ulv ih^l\_j`^_gu ihkj_^kl\hf ^hihegbl_evghc ijh\_jdb dhfbkkbhggh]h h[ke_^h\Z gby ijh\h^bfhc hj]Zghf khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby kZfhklhy l_evgh

M\_^hfe_gb_ h gZagZq_gbb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ih fhsb beb h[ hldZa_ \ __ gZagZq_gbb ^he`gh [ulv gZijZ\e_gh aZy\b l_ex hj]Zghf khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z beb ih f_klm ij_[u\Zgby g_ iha^g__ q_f q_j_a ^g_c ihke_ h[jZs_gby aZy\bl_ey b ij_^klZ\e_gby \k_o g_h[oh^bfuo ^hdmf_glh\ Ijb g_h[ oh^bfhklb ijh\_^_gby ^hihegbl_evghc ijh\_jdb dhfbkkbhggh]h h[ ke_^h\Zgby hj]Zghf khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ij_^klZ\e_gguo aZy\bl_e_f k\_^_gbc h ^hoh^Zo k_fvb h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxs_]h ]jZ` ^ZgbgZ ^Zgguc hj]Zg ^he`_g ^Zlv \ mdZaZgguc kjhd ij_^\Zjbl_evguc hl\_l k m\_^hfe_gb_f h ijh\_^_gbb lZdhc ijh\_jdb < lZdhf kemqZ_ hdhgqZl_evguc hl\_l ^he`_g [ulv ^Zg aZy\bl_ex g_ iha^g__ q_f q_ j_a ^g_c ihke_ ih^Zqb aZy\e_gby

Ihjy^hd jZkq_lZ kj_^g_^mr_\h]h ^hoh^Z b mq_lZ ^hoh^h\ \ lhf qbke_ ^hoh^h\ hl ijbgZ^e_`Zs_]h gZ ijZ\_ kh[kl\_gghklb bfm s_kl\Z mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky n_^_jZevguf aZdhghf Z ^h _]h ijbgylby IjZ\bl_evkl\hf JN

KlZlvy HldZa \ gZagZq_gbb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb

< kemqZ_ ij_^klZ\e_gby aZy\bl_e_f g_iheguo b beb g_^hklh \_jguo k\_^_gbc h khklZ\_ k_fvb ^hoh^Zo b ijbgZ^e_`Zs_f _fm _]h k_fv_ bfms_kl\_ gZ ijZ\_ kh[kl\_gghklb hj]Zg khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z beb f_klm ij_[u\Zgby hldZau\Z_l aZy\bl_ex \ gZagZq_gbb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb HldZa \ gZagZq_gbb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb ih wlbf hkgh\Zgbyf aZy\bl_ev fh`_l h[`Zeh\Zlv \ \ur_klhysbc hj]Zg khpbZevghc aZsb lu gZk_e_gby b beb \ km^

KlZlvy Hkgh\Zgby ^ey ij_djZs_gby hdZaZgby ]hkm^Zjkl \_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb

AZy\bl_ev h[yaZg ba\_klblv hj]Zg khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_ e_gby dhlhjuc gZagZqbe ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggmx khpbZevgmx ihfhsv h[ baf_g_gbyo y\ey\rboky hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey gZagZq_gby eb[h ijh^he`_ gby hdZaZgby _fm _]h k_fv_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb k\_^_gbc h khklZ\_ k_fvb ^hoh^Zo b ijbgZ^e_`Zs_f _fm _]h k_fv_ bfms_kl\_ gZ ijZ\_ kh[kl\_gghklb \ l_q_gb_ ^\mo g_^_ev kh ^gy gZ klmie_gby mdZaZgguo baf_g_gbc

< kemqZ_ mklZgh\e_gby hj]Zghf khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_ gby nZdlZ g_^hklh\_jghklb ij_^klZ\e_gguo aZy\bl_e_f k\_^_gbc h

khklZ\_ k_fvb ^hoh^Zo b ijbgZ^e_`Zs_f _fm _]h k_fv_ bfms_kl\_ gZ ijZ\_ kh[kl\_gghklb beb g_k\h_\j_f_ggh]h ba\_s_gby h[ baf_g_ gbb mdZaZgguo k\_^_gbc aZy\bl_ev _]h k_fvy fh`_l [ulv ebr_gebr_gZ ijZ\Z gZ ihemq_gb_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb gZ i_jbh^ mklZgZ\eb\Z_fuc hj]ZgZfb khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby km[t_dlZ JN gh g_ [he__ q_f gZ i_jbh^ \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h mdZaZggZy ihfhsv g_aZdhggh hdZau\ZeZkv

Ij_djZs_gb_ hdZaZgby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfh sb fh`_l [ulv h[`Zeh\Zgh aZy\bl_e_f \ \ur_klhysbc hj]Zg khpb Zevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby b beb \ km^

KlZlvy JZaf_j ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb

JZaf_j ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb fZehbfmsbf k_fv yf b fZehbfmsbf h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxsbf ]jZ`^ZgZf kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ dhlhjuo gb`_ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h \ khhl \_lkl\mxs_f km[t_dl_ JN hij_^_ey_lky aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf km[t_d lh\ JN \ ij_^_eZo jZagbpu f_`^m kmffhc \_ebqbg ijh`blhqguo fb gbfmfh\ b h[sbf ^hoh^hf qe_gh\ fZehbfms_c k_fvb beb fZehbfm s_]h h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxs_]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ

KlZlvy <b^u hdZaZgby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb

HdZaZgb_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb hkms_kl\ey _lky \ ke_^mxsbo \b^Zo

x ^_g_`gu_ \uieZlu khpbZevgu_ ihkh[by km[kb^bb dhfi_gkZ pbb b ^jm]b_ \uieZlu

x gZlmjZevgZy ihfhsv lhieb\h ijh^mdlu iblZgby h^_`^Z h[m\v f_^bdZf_glu b ^jm]b_ \b^u gZlmjZevghc ihfhsb

Hj]Zgu f_klgh]h kZfhmijZ\e_gby hkms_kl\eyxl hdZaZgb_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb \ ij_^_eZo i_j_^Z\Z_fuo bf hj]ZgZfb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb \ wlbo p_eyo iheghfhqbc \f_kl_ k fZl_jbZevgufb b nbgZgkh\ufb j_kmjkZfb ^ey bo hkms_kl\e_gby

Dhff_glZjbc d NA ©H ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsbª aZf_klbl_ey fbgbkljZ ljm^Z b khpbZevgh]h jZa\blby

AZdhg ijba\Zg ih^^_j`Zlv mjh\_gv `bagb fZehbfmsbo k_f_c Z lZd`_ h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxsbo ]jZ`^Zg kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ dhlh juo gb`_ \_ebqbgu ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ NZdlbq_kdb j_qv b^_l h[ hdZaZgbb j_Zevghc Z^j_kghc ihfhsb >ey wlh]h gm`gh lhevdh h[ jZlblvky k aZy\e_gb_f \ ibkvf_gghc nhjf_ \ hj]Zgu khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z hl k_[y ebqgh ^ey fZeh bfmsbo h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxsbo ]jZ`^Zg beb hl bf_gb k\h_c k_fvb mdZaZ\ \ g_f k\_^_gby h khklZ\_ k_fvb ^hoh^Zo b bfms_kl\_ ijb

Klhbfhklv khpbZevguo mkem] ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf mqj_`^_gbyfb khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b \Zgby hij_^_ey_lky bkoh^y ba lZjbnh\ gZ ieZlgu_ khpbZevgu_ mkem ]b mklZgh\e_gguo ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

< hieZlm qZklbqgmx beb ihegmx khpbZevguo mkem] ij_^hk lZ\ey_fuo ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf mqj_`^_gbyfb khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby g_ \dexqZxlky jZkoh^u ih hdZaZgbx f_ ^bpbgkdhc ihfhsb \ h[t_f_ [Zah\hc ijh]jZffu h[yaZl_evgh]h f_^b pbgkdh]h kljZoh\Zgby ]jZ`^Zg Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb ihemq_gbx h[ jZah\Zgby \ ij_^_eZo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo h[jZah\Zl_evguo klZg^Zjlh\ b h[_ki_q_gbx kh[ex^_gby kZgblZjguo ijZ\be \ mqj_`^_gbyo khpbZev gh]h h[kem`b\Zgby nbgZgkbjh\Zgb_ dhlhjuo hkms_kl\ey_lky \ khhl \_lkl\bb k aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

>hihegbl_evgu_ mkem]b g_ \oh^ysb_ \ n_^_jZevguc b l_j jblhjbZevguc i_j_qgb ]ZjZglbjh\Zgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\hf khpbZevguo mkem] hdZau\Zxlky ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf gZ mk eh\byo iheghc hieZlu \ khhl\_lkl\bb k mklZgh\e_ggufb ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ lZjbnZfb gZ ieZlgu_ khpbZevgu_ mkem]b _keb bgh_ g_ mklZ gh\e_gh aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf

J_r_gb_ h[ mkeh\byo hdZaZgby khpbZevguo mkem] [_kieZlgh k qZklbqghc beb iheghc hieZlhc ijbgbfZ_lky Z^fbgbkljZpb_c mqj_ `^_gby khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby hdZau\Zxs_]h wlb mkem]b gZ hk gh\Zgbb ij_^klZ\e_gguo ]jZ`^ZgZfb ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Z fb beb bo aZdhggufb ij_^klZ\bl_eyfb ^hdmf_glh\ k mq_lhf jZaf_jZ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ Z lZd`_ ghjf i_gkbhggh]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z h \uieZl_ i_gkbb aZ \j_fy ij_ [u\Zgby ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ \ klZpbhgZjguo mq j_`^_gbyo khpbZevgh]h h[kem`b\Zgby

=jZ`^Zg_ ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^u beb bo aZdhggu_ ij_^klZ\bl_eb ih^Zxl \ mqj_`^_gb_ khpbZevghx h[kem`b\Zgby aZy\ e_gb_ h ij_^hklZ\e_gbb khpbZevguo mkem] b ij_^ty\eyxl ^hdmf_gl m^hklh\_jyxsbc ebqghklv ]jZ`^ZgbgZ iZkihjl k\b^_l_evkl\h h jh` ^_gbb ^ey ebp g_ ^hklb]rbo e_lg_]h \hajZklZ aZ]jZgbqguc iZk ihjl ^ey ihklhyggh ijh`b\Zxsbo aZ ]jZgbp_c ]jZ`^Zg dhlhju_ \j_f_ggh gZoh^ylky gZ l_jjblhjbb Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb kijZ\dm h[ hk\h[h`^_gbb ba f_kl ebr_gby k\h[h^u ^ey ebp hk\h[h^b\rboky ba f_kl ebr_gby k\h[h^u bgu_ \u^Z\Z_fu_ \ mklZgh\e_gghf ihjy^d_ ^hdmf_glu m^hklh\_jyxsb_ ebqghklv ]jZ`^ZgbgZ

D aZy\e_gbx ijbeZ]Zxlky ke_^mxsb_ ^hdmf_glu

kijZ\dZ k\b^_l_evkl\h m^hklh\_j_gb_ beb bghc ^hdmf_gl mk lZgh\e_ggh]h h[jZapZ h ijZ\_ gZ ev]hlu \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ^_ckl\mxsbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf

kijZ\dZ \u^ZggZy hj]Zghf hkms_kl\eyxsbf i_gkbhggh_ h[_ki_q_gb_ h jZaf_j_ i_gkbb \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z \hd

^ey ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ \ bg\Zeb^h\ ijh`b\Zxsbo \ k_fvyo ijhp_glh\ hl jZagbpu f_`^m kj_^g_^mr_\uf ^h oh^hf k_fvb b ijh`blhqguf fbgbfmfhf mklZgh\e_gguf ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

?`_f_kyqguc jZaf_j qZklbqghc hieZlu khpbZevguo mkem] ij_ ^hklZ\ey_fuo \ ihemklZpbhgZjguo mkeh\byo g_ ^he`_g ij_\urZlv

^ey h^bghdbo ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ h^bghdbo kmijm`_ kdbo iZj b bg\Zeb^h\ ijhp_glh\ hl jZagbpu f_`^m ihem qZ_fhc i_gkb_c \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd b ijh`blhq guf fbgbfmfhf mklZgh\e_gguf ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

^ey ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ \ bg\Zeb^h\ bf_xsbo jh^kl \_ggbdh\ dhlhju_ g_ fh]ml ih h[t_dlb\guf ijbqbgZf h[_k i_qblv bf ihfhsv b moh^ ijhp_glh\ hl jZagbpu f_`^m ihemqZ_fhc wlbfb ]jZ`^ZgZfb i_gkb_c \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd b ijh`blhqguf fbgbfmfhf mklZgh\e_gguf ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

^ey ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ \ bg\Zeb^h\ ijh`b\Zxsbo \ k_fvyo ijhp_glh\ hl jZagbpu f_`^m kj_^g_^mr_\uf ^h oh^hf k_fvb b ijh`blhqguf fbgbfmfhf mklZgh\e_gguf ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

?`_f_kyqgZy hieZlZ khpbZevguo mkem] ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo \ klZ pbhgZjguo mkeh\byo ijhba\h^blky \ jZaf_j_ ij_\ur_gby iheZ]Zx s_cky d \uieZl_ i_gkbb ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlvyfb b AZdhgZ JKNKJ©H ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo i_gkbyo \ JKNKJª \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lZf gZ^[Z\hd beb kj_^g_^mr_ \h]h ^hoh^Z k_fvb ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ gZ^ ijh `blhqguf fbgbfmfhf mklZgh\e_gguf ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

KhpbZevgu_ mkem]b ij_^hklZ\eyxlky gZ ^hfm \ ihemklZpbh gZjguo b klZpbhgZjguo mkeh\byo mqj_`^_gbyfb khpbZevgh]h h[kem `b\Zgby gZ mkeh\byo iheghc hieZlu

h^bghdbf ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ h^bghdbf kmijm`_ kdbf iZjZf b bg\Zeb^Zf jZaf_j i_gkbb dhlhjuo \ lhf qbk e_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd ij_\urZ_l gZ ijhp_glh\ ijh`b lhqguc fbgbfmf mklZgh\e_gguc ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf bf_xsbf jh^kl \_ggbdh\ dhlhju_ g_ fh]ml ih h[t_dlb\guf ijbqbgZf h[_k i_qblv bf ihfhsv b moh^ ijb mkeh\bb qlh jZaf_j ihemqZ_ fhc wlbfb ]jZ`^ZgZfb i_gkbb \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z \hd ij_\urZ_l gZ ijhp_glh\ ijh`blhqguc fbgbfmf mk lZgh\e_gguc ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf ijh`b\Zxsbf \ k_fvyo kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ dhlhjuo ij_\urZ_l gZ

ijhp_glh\ ijh`blhqguc fbgbfmf mklZgh\e_gguc ^ey ^Zggh ]h j_]bhgZ

gZ^e_`Zs_f bf gZ ijZ\Zo kh[kl\_gghklb B \k_ GbdZdbo ih^ l\_j`^Zxsbo ^hdmf_glh\ g_ lj_[m_lky ijh\_jdhc _keb hgZ ihgZ^h[blky ^he`gu aZgbfZlvky hj]Zgu khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby kZfhklhyl_evgh K\h_ j_r_gb_ h gZagZq_gbb ]hkm^Zj kl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb beb h[ hldZa_ \ __ gZagZq_gbb hj]Zgu khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ^he`gu gZijZ\blv \ ibkvf_gghc nhjf_ aZy\bl_ex ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z g_ iha^g__ q_f q_j_a

^g_c ihke_ h[jZs_gby b ij_^hklZ\e_gby bf g_h[oh^bfuo ^hdmf_g lh\ DklZlb h ijh\_^_gbb ^hihegbl_evghc ijh\_jdb ij_^klZ\e_g guo aZy\bl_e_f k\_^_gbc h ^hoh^Zo k_fvb h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxs_]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ hj]Zgu khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ^he`gu lZd`_ m\_^hfeylv aZy\bl_ey < wlhf kemqZ_ hdhgqZl_evguc hl\_l _fm ^he`_g [ulv ^Zg g_ iha^g__ q_f q_j_a ^g_c ihke_ ih^Zqb aZy\e_ gby Ijb wlhf hldZa \ gZagZq_gbb ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ih fhsb aZy\bl_ev fh`_l h[`Zeh\Zlv \ \ur_klhysbc hj]Zg khpbZev ghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby beb \ km^

H[ baf_g_gbyo k\_^_gbc h khklZ\_ k_fvb ^hoh^Zo b ijbgZ^e_ `Zs_f bfms_kl\_ dhlhju_ y\bebkv [u hkgh\Zgb_f ^ey gZagZq_gbyeb[h ijh^he`_gby _fm beb _]h k_fv_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc khpbZevghc ihfhsb aZy\bl_ev h[yaZg ba\_klblv hj]Zgu khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby \ l_q_gb_ ^\mo g_^_ev kh ^gy mdZaZgguo baf_g_gbc < ijhlb\ghf kemqZ_ hg fh`_l [ulv ebr_g ijZ\Z gZ ihemq_gb_ wlhc ihfhsb Qlh dZkZ_lky __ jZaf_jZ lh hg hij_^_ey_lky aZdhgh^Z l_evkl\hf km[t_dlh\ JN \ ij_^_eZo jZagbpu f_`^m kmffhc \_ebqbg ijh`blhqguo fbgbfmfh\ b h[sbf ^hoh^hf qe_gh\ fZehbfms_c k_ fvb beb fZehbfms_]h h^bghdh ijh`b\Zxs_]h q_eh\_dZ =h km^Zjkl\_ggZy ihfhsv fh`_l hdZau\Zlvky _^bgh\j_f_ggh beb gZ i_jbh^ g_ f_g__ lj_o e_l

AZdhg hij_^_ey_l qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy khpbZevgZy ihfhsv hdZau\Z_lky ba kj_^kl\ f_klguo [x^`_lh\ [x^`_lh\ km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb b _keb gZijbf_j \ ^hlZpbhgguo l_jjblh jbyo kj_^kl\ gZ g__ g_ o\ZlZ_l ba kj_^kl\ n_^_jZevgh]h [x^`_ lZ beb ^hihegbl_evguo bklhqgbdh\ Ijb wlhf hj]ZgZf bkihe gbl_evghc \eZklb gZ f_klZo AZdhghf ^Zgu kZfu_ rbjhdb_ ihegh fhqby hgb \ijZ\_ hdZau\Zlv ihfhsv dZd Z \b^_ ^_g_`guo \uieZl khpbZevgu_ ihkh[by km[kb^bb dhfi_gkZpbb lZd b \ gZlmjZevghc nhjf_ >Z ^_g_] g_l gh f_klgu_ \eZklb dZd ijZ\beh \k_]^Z bf_ xl \hafh`ghklv ihfhqv lhieb\hf ijh^mdlZfb iblZgby h^_`^hc h[m\vx f_^bdZf_glZfb b l i DklZlb AZdhg gb \ dh_c f_j_ g_ hl f_gy_l ^_ckl\mxsb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ Zdlu ij_^hklZ\eyxsb_ khpbZevgu_ ev]hlu ]ZjZglbb b dhfi_gkZpbb jZaguf dZl_]hjbyf ]jZ`^Zg \_l_jZgZf \hcgu b ljm^Z bg\Zeb^Zf

MD:AU IJ?AB>?GL: JHKKBCKDHC N?>?J:PBB

©H f_jZo ih nhjfbjh\Zgbx ^hklmighc ^ey bg\Zeb^h\ kj_^u `bag_^_yl_evghklbª‹ hl ]

Ba\e_q_gb_

< p_eyo h[_ki_q_gby ^hklmighklb ^ey bg\Zeb^h\ h[t_dlh\ khpb Zevghc b ijhba\h^kl\_gghc bgnjZkljmdlmju kj_^kl\ ljZgkihjlZ k\y ab b bgnhjfZlbdb

IHKL:GH<EYX

MklZgh\blv qlh g_ ^himkdZxlky

ijh_dlbjh\Zgb_ aZkljhcdb ]hjh^h\ b ^jm]bo ihk_e_gbc jZajZ [hldZ ijh_dlh\ gZ kljhbl_evkl\h b j_dhgkljmdpbx a^Zgbc b kh hjm`_gbc [_a mq_lZ lj_[h\Zgbc ^hklmighklb bo ^ey bg\Zeb^h\ jZajZ[hldZ gh\uo kj_^kl\ bg^b\b^mZevgh]h b h[s_kl\_ggh]h iZkkZ`bjkdh]h ljZgkihjlZ k\yab b bgnhjfZlbdb [_a fh^bnbdZ pbc ijbkihkh[e_gguo ^ey ihevah\Zgby hl^_evgufb dZl_]hjby fb bg\Zeb^h\ k fhf_glZ \klmie_gby \ kbem gZklhys_]h MdZaZ

aZkljhcdZ ]hjh^h\ b ^jm]bo ihk_e_gbc kljhbl_evkl\h b j_dhg kljmdpby a^Zgbc b khhjm`_gbc [_a h[_ki_q_gby lj_[h\Zgbc ^hklmighklb bo ^ey bg\Zeb^h\ Z lZd`_ k_jbcgh_ ijhba\h^kl\h kj_^kl\ bg^b\b^mZevgh]h b h[s_kl\_ggh]h iZkkZ`bjkdh]h ljZgkihjlZ k\yab b bgnhjfZlbdb [_a fh^bnbdZpbc ijbkihkh[ e_gguo ^ey ihevah\Zgby hl^_evgufb dZl_]hjbyfb bg\Zeb^h\

k yg\Zjy ]h^Z

J_dhf_g^h\Zlv hj]ZgZf bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb «\dexqZlv ij_^klZ\bl_e_c h[s_kl\_gguo h[t_^bg_gbc bg\Zeb^h\ \ khklZ\ dh fbkkbc ih ijb_fd_ \ wdkiemZlZpbx a^Zgbc b khhjm`_gbc

©H ^hihegbl_evguo f_jZo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc ih^^_j`db bg\Zeb^h\ª‹ hl ]

Ba\e_q_gb_

MklZgh\blv qlh k yg\Zjy ]

«]jZ`^Zg_ \i_j\u_ ijbagZggu_ bg\Zeb^Zfb ]jmiiu b bf_x sb_ khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ f_^bpbgkdb_ ihdZaZgby h[_ki_qb\Zxlky g_ j_`_ h^gh]h jZaZ \ l_q_gb_ i_j\uo lj_o e_l ihke_ mklZgh\ e_gby bg\Zeb^ghklb [_kieZlghc iml_\dhc \ kZgZlhjgh dmjhjlgh_ mqj_`^_gb_ b [be_lZfb gZ ijh_a^ d f_klm e_q_gby b h[jZlgh k kdb^dhc

bg\Zeb^u \ \hajZkl_ hl ^h e_l \dexqbl_evgh ^_lb bg\Zeb^u b khijh\h`^Zxsb_ bo ebpZ h^bg ba jh^bl_e_c hi_ dmg ihi_qbl_ev ijb gZijZ\e_gbb \ kZgZlhjgh dmjhjlgh_ mqj_ `^_gb_ h[_ki_qb\Zxlky [be_lZfb gZ ijh_a^ d f_klm e_q_gby bg\Zeb^Z b h[jZlgh_ ijhp_glghc kdb^dhc Z khijh\h`^Zx s__ ebph djhf_ lh]h [_kieZlghc iml_\dhc

h^bghdbf ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ h^bghdbf kmijm`_ kdbf iZjZf b bg\Zeb^Zf ihemqZxsbf i_gkbx \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd \ jZaf_j_ gb`_ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf bf_xsbf jh^kl \_ggbdh\ dhlhju_ g_ fh]ml \ k\yab k hl^Ze_gghklvx ijh`b \Zgby fZehh[_ki_q_gghklvx [he_agvx b ^jm]bfb h[t_dlb\ gufb ijbqbgZfb ^Ze__ bf_gmxlky h[t_dlb\gu_ ijbqbgu h[_ki_qblv bf ihfhsv b moh^ ijb mkeh\bb qlh jZaf_j ihem qZ_fhc wlbfb ]jZ`^ZgZfb i_gkbb \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^ [Z\hd gb`_ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf ijh`b\Zxsbf \ k_fvyo kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ dhlhjuo gb`_ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zgghx j_]bhgZ

KhpbZevgu_ mkem]b ij_^hklZ\eyxlky gZ ^hfm \ ihemklZpbh gZjguo b klZpbhgZjguo mkeh\byo mqj_`^_gbyfb khpbZevgh]h h[kem `b\Zgby gZ mkeh\byo qZklbqghc hieZlu

h^bghdbf ]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ h^bghdbf kmijm`_ kdbf iZjZf b bg\Zeb^Zf ihemqZxsbf i_gkbx \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd \ jZaf_j_ hl ^h ijhp_glh\ ijh`b lhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_gghx ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf bf_xsbf jh^kl \_ggbdh\ dhlhju_ g_ fh]ml ih h[t_dlb\guf ijbqbgZf h[_k i_qblv bf ihfhsv b moh^ ijb mkeh\bb qlh jZaf_j ihemqZ_ fhc wlbfb ]jZ`^ZgZfb i_gkbb \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z \hd khklZ\ey_l hl ^h ijhp_glh\ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgb fmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

]jZ`^ZgZf ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^Zf ijh`b\Zxsbf \ k_fvyo kj_^g_^mr_\hc ^hoh^ dhlhjuo khklZ\ey_l hl ^h

ijhp_glh\ ijh`blhqgh]h fbgbfmfZ mklZgh\e_ggh]h ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

?`_f_kyqguc jZaf_j qZklbqghc hieZlu khpbZevguo mkem] ij_ ^hklZ\ey_fuo gZ ^hfm g_ ^he`_g ij_\urZlv

^ey h^bghdbo ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ h^bghdbo kmijm`_ kdbo iZj b bg\Zeb^h\ ijhp_glh\ hl jZagbpu f_`^m ihem qZ_fhc i_gkb_c \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd b ijh`blhq guf fbgbfmfhf mklZgh\e_gguf ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ

^ey ]jZ`^Zg ih`beh]h \hajZklZ b bg\Zeb^h\ bf_xsbo jh^kl \_ggbdh\ dhlhju_ g_ fh]ml ih h[t_dlb\guf ijbqbgZf h[_k i_qblv bf ihfhsv b moh^ ijhp_glh\ hl jZagbpu f_`^m ihemqZ_fhc wlbfb ]jZ`^ZgZfb i_gkb_c \ lhf qbke_ k mq_lhf gZ^[Z\hd b ijh`blhqguf fbgbfmfhf mklZgh\e_gguf ^ey ^Zggh]h j_]bhgZ