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Ереванский государственный университет

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Этнография Армян

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Չոլաքեան Յ., Պատմական Անտիոքի եւ շրջակայից բնիկ հայերն

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11.

ARMENIAN VILLAGES OF MOUNT DERIUS

This is the historicalethnographic picture of the Armenianpopulated villages of Mount Derus or Nebenus. They are located east of Lattakia, in the northern part of the Alawite Mountains. By the 19th century, the descendants of the Armenians who had settled here in the Middle Ages, lived in only two villages: Aramo and Ghnemi yeh, next to other small villages. There are many settlements in the region that bear Armenian traces.

I. ARAMO. The village is located in the Wata Aramo (Aramo district). We know nothing about the settlements here except the fact that a manuscript written in 1466 mentions the village with a monastery there. According to 19th century data, the vil lage fell under the rule of the Muqaddem clan, thenafter became the fief of the French and Russian embassies, with great pressure of unscrupulous Ottoman officials. The deportation of 1915 and the return of the survivors represent the culmination of the history of this village. During the repatriation of 1947, the Armenians moved to the Homeland from the village and from Lattakia. The village lost almost all its Armenian inhabitants. Natives of Aramo living in Lattakia still have ties with their village.

The following matters are presented in separate subsections:

1. St. Sdepanos Church is located in the village. According to the information of Rev. Zakaria (Zakaria Zmyurnatsi Vartabed of St. James Congregation of Jerusalem) in 1866, the date of the building is unknown, but it was built specifically using the stones of an older church. Columns and khachkars (cross stone) embedded in the wall can be seen here and there in the building. A cap is placed near the altar, as we see in the churches of Antioch region. The roof of St. Sdepanos and surroundings were renovated in 1926 and 1958, and are still under special care. The church is open every Sunday for natives of Aramo coming from Lattakia. In summers, it is always open.

2. The Armenian monastery of Aramo with St. Asdvadzadzin and St. Kevork churches. The first, with its three altars, is partly engraved in a cave; the second is made of stone and lime. The monastery is mentioned in the journal of a manuscript dated 1466. Both churches were first described by Zakaria Vartabed, who visited the monastery in 1864. Till 1947, the monastery was the epicenter of popular pilgrimage on the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Virgin Mary. In our times, it is mostly an Islamic holy site known as Kheder (Saint in Arabic), even though the cross stones, in cluding the main khachkar in the main altar, remain intact. St. Kevork is a rectangular building with one altar. It is deserted and in a critical condition. The constructions of the monastery are not intact, but the traces are visible. There are 4 – 5 types of cross stones on the walls and on the rocks. Nearby there are a pierced stone, a stone bowl, and fountain puddles.

3. Armenian inscription on the tower of Hambushiyeh village dated 1348. It is a lithograph on the upper stone of the door of the tower by Catholicos Mkhitar Garnert si, whose complete copy has come to us by Zakaria Vartabed.

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11. ( )

Nowadays the village is completely empty from Armenians. The tower is com pletely destroyed. A fragment of the mentioned lithograph is found on the wall of a house built in the middle of the 20 th century in the same area. Other Armenian relics of antiquity such as carved rocks, bridges, fountains are presented in this article.

4. Der Tuma village is now an Alawite village. At its entrance is Der Tuma mon astery. The date of its construction is not known. Currently it is in a semistable con dition. It has three divisions. The vestibule is a domed structure, and is well preserved. The roofs of the church and the altar are destroyed.

The vestibule, the church and the altar are narrowed by one cornerstone. The altar section has a semicircular shape. There is an Armenian inscription on the left wall of the entrance to the vestibule, which was partially deciphered by Zakaria Vartabed in 1866.

It remains as it is, but no further decipherment had been possible, as the letters are largely covered with lime from the rainwater pouring down from the roof. Here, too, stones brought from an older structure can be seen in the walls. The structure is under the control of the Archeology Office of Syria.

II GHNEMIYEH. Located on the right side of LattakiaAleppo road, it is the only Armenianpopulated village in Arabspeaking Kurdish environment, though in the beginning of the 19th century other villages in the area were also Armenianpopulated, like Kensabba. Ghnemiyeh was an important link between Aramo and the Armenian villages in Turkoman Mountains of the north and the Armenian villages of Kessab. Its inhabitants were speaking in an Armenian dialect like Aramo, although everyone knew Arabic well. It has several fountains. In the second half of the 19th century, the spiritual and educational needs of the village were taken care of. The Armenians of Ghnemiyeh and surroundings were deported in 1915. The survivors returned and rebuilt the village. A number of families repatriated to Soviet Armenia in 1947. The school was closed. New artificial methods were used in agriculture. Ghnemiyeh be gan to be attractive for Aleppo Armenians in summer time, many of them built new houses and furnished gardens there. The only church in the village, which has been mentioned since ancient times, is St. Kevork. In 2012, Ghnemiyeh fell into the hands of the rebels, and the Armenian population escaped to Lattakia. The Syrian army lib erated the village, but the former normal life of the village has not been restored yet.

343

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