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ted landscaped terraces –– a roof, with high-quality modern landscaping and landscaping –– are designed. The authors of the project proposals can come up with various formats for using open space: a concert (festival) stage, a free open-air cinema, New Year's and other holiday events, a temporary fair (harvest festival, folk crafts, etc.), ethnic festivals, exhibitions, sports events, terrace-café. All of these ideas if solved in a single style design are worthy of implementation in the general concept of public space (brand of this place).

It is necessary to design a section of the urban environment so that it is not second in importance to the already existing, favourite and familiar corners of the city, i. e., to make the place a major, beautiful and iconic draw. Changing the principle approach to the concept of using space as a public, year-round and socially demanded will enable investments. Since the idea of public space is a story of not only about how to make a comfortable and wellmaintained environment, but also about how to go around that.

Conceptual ideas should be simultaneously confirmed by the development of an investment project which will potentially help to make it happen.

2. "The concept of reconstruction and development of the park" Orlyonok "(developed by the Office of the Head Architect of the city of Voronezh). Park of Culture and Recreation "Orlyonok" is the city’s recreational area and is located in the central Voronezh. The total area is 48.245 m2 (Fig. 9––10).

Despite the 2009 reconstruction, the park requires comprehensive landscaping that would meet the needs of various social groups and the city as a whole. For these purposes, the decision was made to carry out landscaping works in accordance to the principles of municipalprivate partnership within the framework of the Federal Law of July 21, 2005 No. 115-ФЗ “On Concession Agreements”.

Fig. 9. Situation scheme (by the developer)

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Operation

1. Park entrance

2. Central flowerbeds

3. Memorial

4. Monument

5. Monument

6. Multipurpose center

7. Amphitheatre

8. Toilet

9. Fountain

10. Children’s café

11. Restaurant

12. Food court

13. Stage

14. Maze Playground

15. Jumping trampoline

16. Bumper boats

17. Bungee Trampoline

18. Merry-Go-Round

19. Swing

20. Railway

21. Fire Brigade Merry-Go-Round

22. Wedding Merry-Go-Round

23. Red Barone Merry-Go-Round

24. Flying Merry-Go-Round

25. Bat Amusement Park

26. Playing machines

27. Cart

28. Free fall tower

29. Wind Cutter Amusement Park

30. Storage

31. Green maze

32. Chess

33. Children’s playground

34. Gazebo

35. Food kiosk

36. Toy kiosk

37. Seasonal skating rink

38. Parking space (204 parking places)

39. Children’s center

Pedestrian area

Memorial area

Children’s center area

Queit amusement park area

Youth center

Central area

Fig. 10. Scheme of the general plan with zoning

According to the proposed concept, the area is divided into six zones: pedestrian, memorial, the zone of the existing children's center, zone of quiet amusement parks, zone of the youth center and the central zone (Fig. 11––12).

Fig. 11. Existing location (a) and design location (b), view from above (courtesy of the Head Architect of Voronezh)

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The zones are separated by alleys that converge at the central zone with the main fountain that will be restored to its original appearance. In winter, pedestrian walkways and paths will be converted into an ice rink with rental points as well as cosy cafes.

The memorial part of the park is designed with a separate entrance from the street. F. Engelsa also includes a necropolis as well as a memorial wall where 45 soldiers who were killed during the 1919 Civil War and three more who were killed during the Great Patriotic War are buried.

Fig. 12. Visualization

In the pedestrian zone there are gazebos and places for quiet rest and a green area is also planned to expand including an automatic irrigation system and flower beds.

In the area of the youth center houses an amphitheater. The building of the youth center is made of environmentally friendly materials.

The zone of quiet amusement parks is located in the part of the park which is currently not in use, there will be carousels, game simulators, a free-fall tower, etc.

From the south entrance there is a zone of the existing children's center. The fountain in this territory will be completely restored, a green labyrinth and street chess are also planned. Throughout the park, there will be places to relax, and, the “Safe City” system will be installed in order to ensure safety and a round-the-clock park security service will be implemented.

For the convenience of visitors, parking spaces will be organized in the immediate vicinity of the park, some equipped with ramps and specialized access roads that are convenient for people with limited mobility. The planned parking size is 200 cars.

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The project provides various socially oriented options for children and youngsters: distribution of free time cards, implementation of animations or shows, organization of free travel to the park and back.

The implementation of the project will not only affect the increase in the number of jobs, the number of which will reach at least 500 units, but will also allow additional funds to be attracted to the city and the region due to the fees for the use of the land plot and other deductions within concession agreement, with the total amount amounting to 1,7 billion rubles.

3.The reconstruction project of the Sevostyanovsk congress (the team of authors led by Prof. A. Ye. Yenin: V. A. Gabrava, S. N. Guryev, T. I. Grosheva, V. N. Salko, G. A. Chesnokov , A.N. Azizova, A.A. Bulatov, N. Yu. Korchagin, P.R. Musamba, A.V. Salko).

The street in the historical part of the city is the same as dozens of those leading to the reservoir. A street with a historic past that has lost its face, that from an aesthetic point of view can only be liked after a snowfall while covered in a thick layer of snow.

While renovating the area, one can restrict oneself to utilitarian measures, i. e., to do what residents usually ask the local administration to address (patching, lighting, demolition of dry trees, etc.), but if it comes how it is time that the city regained its original face, it is necessary to approach the reconstruction of the congress more meticulously and conceptually.

4.The algorithm for solving the problem. First of all, the stage typical of any territory is the one involving assessment and analysis. It is essential to determine what kind of preserved heritage we have available and ways of how it can be employed. In this case, this is the lower retaining wall preserved on the right side and fragments of the left retaining wall. Fragments of the original cobblestone paving have been partially preserved. This is something you can touch with your hands. A more extensive but potential category is a system of vistas with a panoramic view (Fig. 13).

Stage Two. Statement and methods for long-term solutions for local problems. A local task is to design comfortable conditions and to improve the central street. The strategic objective is to change the status of the area, increase its significance in the urban structure as well as to change the utilitarian function to aesthetic and educational. A possible viable solution for this street is an “open-air museum” (Fig. 14).

Stage Three –– tools for solving the above tasks. Conservation, restoration and new construction. We preserve the structure and its individual elements –– the above mentioned retaining wall on the right. It is restored in the places of collapse using the material from the collapsed left retaining wall and parts of the pavement.

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Fig. 13. Photo analysis (photo by the author)

New construction –– the left retaining wall with partially preserved fragments which is given a practical and aesthetic function. Practical –– the pavilions embedded in the slope (the facade is part of the retaining wall) –– souvenir “shops” products and various kiosks (bakery, confectionery, etc.). Besides the fact that these shops can serve tourists, they are also designed to provide local residents with groceries and everyday goods. The fact that one does not have to go up to the University Square for bread would increase the comfort level of the residents of the area (Fig. 15).

The aesthetic function is embodied by the windows of these shops decorated in archaic style on the recurrent theme "Voronezh –– the City of Craftsmen”. Costume installations are also displayed in the niches of the retaining wall which are thematic collections on the themes “Peter I and his Entourage in the Voronezh shipyard”, “Residents of Voronezh at the Turn of the

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19th and 20th Centuries”, “Village Folk Costume of the Voronezh Province”, etc. Thus , the congress movement turns into a visit to the museum gallery where exhibits on daily life of a Russian province are on dispaly in the glass windows behind the niches (Fig. 16).

1. Ilyin Church with a parish school

2. Memorial sign “Ilyin – Sevastyanovsk Congress”

3. Restoration of the Ilyin Church square

4. Supporting wall of the Ilyin Church. Bas relief “Historical Restoration of the Cathedrals of the Voronezh Right Embankment”

5. Stairs

6. Sevastyanovsk Congress

7. Pedestrian bridge

8. Trade pavilions (below the ground level) “Kiosks”: souvenir shops, nakery, confrctionery, antique shop

9. Viewing point

10. Recreation area with the Goto Predistinatsiya fountain

11. Arcade

12. Rotonda with the memorial sign “Memorial Sign for Peace and Reconciliation”

13. Sundial

14. Church of St. Mitrofan of Voronezh

15. Information signs

16. Water collection column

17. Supporting wall

18. Church of the Transfiguration

19. Tomb lapidarium

DESIGNATIONS

Boundaries of a designed area

Architectural monuments

Existing low-storey construction

Designed lawn and flowerbeds

Paving with historical elements

Paving stone

Asphalt concrete paving

Fig. 14. Scheme of the general plan (design proposal)

Fig. 15. Design proposal. Visualization, author’s proposal

The main object is supported by architectural elements serving to beautify the structure: the start of the route is marked by the memorial sign "Sevastyanovsky –– Ilyinsky Congress" (Fig. 17).

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Fig. 16. Displays, navigation elements

Fig. 17. Start of the route

Then we overcome a number of marker points as they emerge on the route. This is a small, movingly hand-made pedestrian bridge and viewing platforms, i. e., recreation areas, a decorative three-level fountain with elements of historical reconstruction, i. e., a sculptural model of the ship "Goto Predestination". And the arcade forming a kind of viewing windows offering views of the actual city landscape. And elements of urban sculpture. And the installation of "Sundial". And information stands all over the street. This whole scenario development of the route with readable internal logic of movement should emphasize that this is not a random set of elements of improvement, but a harmoniously organized space with its rich internal life (Fig. 18).

Next, in order to be able to go along the route, we restore paving. For pedestrians, a staircase is arranged with a convenient rhythm of alternating marches and sites. At the nodal

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points, pointers are set guides. For all the objects falling into the reconstruction zone, a complex coloristic solution is proposed. Remediation of green spaces on the slope, crowning of old trees, planting of new ones, installation of lawns and individual islets of greenery inside the street (flower beds and flowerpots on the retaining walls).

Fig. 18. Marker route points (visualization)

Street lighting is lanterns for general lighting, and a spotlight for niches with sculptures and displays. An important part is the development of fencing for backyard areas. A single stylistic decision is made for the address signages on the houses.

In order to connect the past and the present by means of a toponymic symbol, the street does not retain its old name (Ilyinsky descent), a new one –– Sevastyanovsky –– Ilyinsky Congress was coined instead. A memorial sign is installed as a tribute and as a sign of remedying errors, i. e., a symbol of reconciliation. Religious themes as a continuation of the Elias Church series –– the Church of St. Mitrophan of Voronezh. The implementation of this pilot structure may stage the revival of the historical environment of our city.

Fig. 19 shows one of the possible algorithms for constructing a functional model, which is essentially a formalized theory of the investigated object. All of the five enlarged stages

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(functional blocks) of the algorithm are interconnected directly and indirectly where direct connections are the directive information for the next procedure of the algorithm and feedback is provided if the result at the “output” of the block does not satisfy the preliminarily specified (normative) quantitative or qualitative characteristics.

RESEARCHING THE METRICS OF THE COMPONENTS OF AN OBJECT AS A SYSTEM:

Measuring the system-forming elements and connections (communications) of an object;

Identifying the principle of simultaneous measurement of the components of an object

Fig. 19. Enlarged stages of designing functional models of architectural systems (LRP)

What led to the negative result (“NO”) at the output of the 5th block, as shown in Figure, could have been an error at the previous stages, even at stage “1” where the scientific correctness of the problem is identified, i.e., the fundamental possibility of its successful solution [8].

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Conclusions. The architectural and urban reconstruction of the LRS which kicked off in the cities of Russia and in the million-people city of Voronezh, sets the stage for the development of new reconstruction methods and techniques using a systemic approach and the corresponding principles of analysis and design.

The only feasible way to successfully design and manage the life of demoecosystems as an object of architecture and urban planning is to develop functional models that are compatible with real ecological systems such as “population ↔ environment” up to “C-isomorphism” (systemic isomorphism). Thus, the formulation of the concept of the LRS reconstruction project is based on the notion of the space as a demo-ecosystem, efficiency, interconnected operaiton of all the components and ongoing processes (production, household, recreational and communication). Therefore the integrity of the LRP is achieved.

With the participation of the author, an algorithm was developed for constructing a functional model of LRS of one of the remarkable historical objects of Voronezh. Experimental verification of the resulting decisions is only possible with the help of a retrospective analysis of variant project proposals. The interconnection and mutual influence of the processes occurring in the LRS and their components as well as the application of systemic methods and techniques for designing an artificial (architectural) environment for landscape recreation is key to maintaining the stability of the LRS as a demo-ecosystem.

References

1.Anisimova L. V. Gorodskoi landshaft. Sotsial'no-ekologicheskie aspekty proektirovaniya [Urban landscape. Social and environmental aspects of design]. Vologda, VoGTU Publ., 2002. 189 p.

2.Anisimova L. V. Sistemnyi podkhod k proektirovaniyu otkrytykh obshchestvennykh prostranstv goroda [A systematic approach to the design of open public spaces of the city]. Arkhitekton: izvestiya vuzov, 2018, no. 2 (62), pp.73––82.

3.Bertalanfi L. fon. [General systems theory-a critical review]. Sbornik perevodov «Issledovaniya po obshchei teorii sistem» [Collection of translations «Research on the General theory of systems»]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1969, pp. 23––82.

4.Vasilenko N. A. Sistemnye printsipy formirovaniya landshaftno-rekreatsionnoi sredy krupnogo goroda. Avtoref. diss. kand. arkh. [System principles of formation of landscape and recreational environment of a large city. Cand. arch. sci. diss.]. Moscow, MARKhI Publ., 2009. 26 p.

5.Voronezhskaya gorodskaya Duma. Reshenie ot 19 dekabrya 2008 goda № 422-II «Ob utverzhdenii General'nogo plana gorodskogo okruga gorod Voronezh (s izmeneniyami na 6 dekabrya 2017 goda)» [Voronezh city Duma. Decision No. 422-II of December 19, 2008 "On approval of the General plan of the Voronezh city urban district (as amended on December 6, 2017)"]. Available at: http://www.voronezh-city.ru/admini- stration/normative_base/detail/1753.

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