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––Lack of unoccupied space for designing and creating vertical green places.

––Increased production of high buildings lower the view of citizens and the potential of high vertical plates to turn to high green vertical plates and applying their advantage in city and buildings covers.

––Practical advantages in the use of green covers in buildings in comparison with normal, green, vertical surfaces in cities.

––Developing the same green places with greening each building and their visual connection to parks and public green places in the city.

Great value of land and the small space of green parts caused one to use the green roof technology in Iran`s metropolis so that it would improve and stabilize the quality of cities (Nahrly D et al, 2013, pp. 89––98).

The green roves are new approaches in urbanization and architecture with which we can use to improve green parts of the city and beautify the view, improve the quality of ecosystem and have a stable improving city. Practical use of roves enable us to optimize the use of places in the residential area (Tehran city hall, 2010).

Although green roves are a usual and sometimes vital parts of buildings in Europe and in Eastern Asia and North America that emerged as a new increasing element, in many countries like Iran it is an unknown and strange feature (Nahrly D et al, 2013, pp. 89––98).

In fact, green roves are the use of unused and wasted parts of a building for creating green spots. Apart from enhancing the visual image of the city, this will make the air pleasant (microclimate) and reduce the air pollution and finally improve the environment for citizens to live in (Razavian, M, Ghaforypur, A, 2010, p. 137).

Quality in natural contact in traditional Iranian dwelling Traditional dwelling features

Traditional Iranian dwellings are famous as a canvas of architectural painting (Table 1, 2).

Table 1

Framework quality features of historical Iranian dwellings (fayazbakhsh, k, Ghaforypur, A, 2014, civilica)

Quality-framework features of Iranian historical dwellings

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Yard, the heart of Iranian traditional dwelling

Traditional houses are organized vertically and horizontally. A horizontal surface is based on reach ability order from out (a very public place) makes the layout of light and dark to the center of the yard, vertical surface is based on how water movements. Portal, vestibule and corridors and yards are the order of places that considering the privacy of the inner yard, makes access to the inside part of the house possible. The surrounding layers of the yard are in the order of rooms that have a direct access to light, water, plant, air and completely into

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the inner garden. Three-door, five-door, hall and windward, orsy, upper rooms (gushvar) and takhtgah are located around the yard. In the second layer because of being away from the yard, they had to use the upper sunlight from the ceiling. Places like kitchen, depot, vestibule, pasto are in this group.

Traditional architecture is looking for natural resources to use. It is seeking to find a place to get everything natural to use without disturbing the life of others or showing off what he has. To answer this question one can say the private garden makes it come true: a yard or in other words the inner garden. Water, plants, sun and wind are all used for the purpose and will make a place for all beautiful views. In this garden a new climate will be created that would make a condition for the whole organized technology and its concept will be forever stable and will not change over time.

The yard is the focal point of Iranian buildings where color, light and fresh air is flowing. A place which has framed the sky and has a close connection with it so that every closed environment will be around it to see the most alive thing in front of their eyes. A valuable place where plants and water in that received their beloved position and play the eyes with the greatest fresh music.

The Iranian yard is a concept that implies that the heart of Iranian architecture is empty. Emptiness is a sign of God and his existence. So that emptiness in art is a symbol of purity, God is a truth that surrounds everything and all things are in his control (Ghorbanzadeh, M, & Nezami, A, 2012, pp. 12––15).

Solitude is the basic of Iranian architecture, the essence of Iranian buildings is a yard and everything around it is for explaining the parts of the yard. In such a place where a pool is built in the centre a movement will commence moving around a pool in an empty place where it invites you to think and meditate more, a place where people should completely forget about themselves. The yard and a pit in the garden in the Iranian desert architecture is a sign of emptiness (Saghapor, H, & Mosavi, M, 2011).

Iranian traditional yard, stability of home

The stability of the architecture based on what is understood everywhere in the world in our traditional architecture has a special place. Of an individual spatial material to the most important part of what makes it, which means yard. Organizing places in Iranian architecture are based on the yard and result in two kind of pattern, which are extraverted and introverted. The yard pattern is a proper answer to the financial and spiritual condi-

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tions of living. This structure, in the matter of shape, geometry, stability, will be affected by where it is built and it will make the least damage to environment, though make the most usability for those who are living in it. Looking at the nature in the house that is due to presence of the yard which makes a sort of green architecture and recyclable and local materials that are used (e.g., using leaves, fresh fruit, and trees that were in the house) one can say that all these things can be the reason for the stability in the yard (Mahsayi, P, & Rezapour, M, 2009, civilica).

Changes in Iranian housing pattern

Iranian housing in history has received many changes because of some requirements (Tables 3 and 4).

Comparing Tehran’s traditional houses with recent ones

Tehran`s traditional houses, which were a symbol of architecture in this metropolis city, the rule of nature, privacy, identity, geometry and paying attention to meeting spiritual and financial needs are considered. With visual comparison of this architecture with the recent condition of house building in Tehran what is so clear is chaotic, lack designing skyline in urban vision and neglecting human spiritual and financial needs (Table 5).

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Table 5

Comparing old and new houses of Tehran (writer, the photos are from cafetehroon.blogfa.com)

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Changes in building`s fifth view over history

What can you see in the roves today? The view of roves has changed over fifty years based on changes in human needs. Sleeping habits on the roves are now over, domical and curved roves has first been replaced with gable roves and then to a flat surface covered with bitumen and packages, ventilators made of tin and galvanized iron, TV antennas and now satellite dishes completely changed the shape of roves. The only thing that is left might

be the laundry thatis still getting driedin the sunshine. According to recent high construction, which is an inseparable part of urbanization in spite of all effort that have been made to decorate the inside part of the house, the fifth view has practically created a great deal of ugliness in the view of the apartments and the fifth view. It`s is clear that even though the windows and curtains or whatever is so beautiful but the view one can see from a window is out of their favor. Life in the city has created a coexistent that is unfavorable and people cannot easily put up with it and the consequence

is nothing but physical and verbal conflicts as well as the view are at conflict. Now one cannot have a view in their in-

ner part like past and decorate it in whatever way you want to finally create a great view for those who are residing in the house. Recent apartments are forced to open their windows to their neighbors. A neighbor who can create whatever bad view he wants for others (Fig. 1).

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What you can see on the roves of Tehran today, tells us of a materialistic and mechanical life of people. Houses are not in all aspects quiet places any more. Although with spending much one can get closer to the affluent part of the city, the quality of the framed picture in the window does not reveal a big change. It is obvious that the fifth

view in recent urbanization, not only stands against four shot views but also due to being in the visual side are of great importance. Trying hard enough, one can make the design of the fifth view turn the dead cover of the city into a systematic pretty part of the house that will make a beautiful

view for those living in the house and generally for the entire city one can claim that there has been a revolution in the building industry that is going to be perfected (Fig. 2).

Green parts that are not at the same level rehabilitating the bound of nature and dwelling in an Iranian House

Lack green parts in the big cities have created a lot of psychological and physical problems. Pollution has also made the permanent problem of big cities which is followed by a great chal-

a building; in other words in this picture green parts that were in a horizontal surface is now vertical using the technology and knowledge of today (Fig. 3).

The second picture displays green parts that are not on the surface of the ground (Fig. 4). Roves are always a symbol of heat in the buildings. In other words roves are the desert of a city. When one can turn this desert into green parts, many environmental problems are likely to be solved (Erfanian, R, the community of center of environment).

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The most important usage of uneven green parts is saving energy in a way that when dark and rough surfaces (Like cement surface and waterproofing) are covered with plants, heat will not be absorbed during summer and will not be released during

winter. A green surface will cause a reduction in the energy consuming for 50 percent during summer and they are also able to reduce the consumption of oil by 2 liters in each square meter.

Another use of green parts is a reduction in the number of air and sound polluters. A 12 cm green wall is able to stop sound transfer for 40 db as well as a wall of 20 cm green plants is able to reduce the sound transfer by 50 Db. Another usage

would be saving the natural variety. Actually we are living Fig. 4. A green roof (Science community

of green space weblog)

where animals like worms, birds, mammals used to live. And

we occupied their natural habitat and have eliminated them all. Every each of these animals play an important role in the life cycle and by creating these green spots we can prepare a condition for their return. This would be a recovery in life cycle for nature that we ourselves have made mess of. Among other usages in these uneven green spots, avoiding city floods can be mentioned. These are used to avoid city floods in many countries all over the world. These roves would absorb moist and water and will not let water go to downpipes. In addition to creating a green spot, they will increase the life of all roves. A roof that is away from rain, wing and sunshine will last longer. This method has made some roves last twice as long as other roves in some countries.

Creating green uneven spots may at first have some difficulties like weight, water, supply and moist. Water supply sources are almost always reproducible. These systems usually have a source that is under the roof and usually saves water and then pomp it up for plants after this water comes back again to the source. These systems are also usually capable of using waste and rain water, too. The plants that are used in this system do not need much water and supplying water cannot be considered a reason to stop planting them. Some might say using plants in buildings might help moist to get to the walls while these systems are away from the wall and they have nothing to do with it. In these roves one layout isolation is considered in the wall to avoid moist getting through walls.

Costs for operating green spot on the roof are significant now. Considering their long-term effects, they would be profitable. If one considers this when building a house with eliminating

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costs on working on the façade of the buildings, this would really be profitable. If this technology gets endemic in the country and they make a lot of it,w their cost would get considerably low.

Green roof

In the last decades due to the destruction of nature and natural places turning into skyscrapers that will also increase the level of air pollution the use of roves for developing green spots has greatly increased. It is not only because of beautifulness but also for cleaning the environment. Plants eliminate pollutants and trap little dust in their leaves as well as clean the air is another advantage of them. So a green roof is one of the new solutions for residential areas. Green roof is the one that has all or a big part of its surface covered with soil and plants. Humans are now trying to make a connection between green nature and environment and the modern technology to use them both for developing a better place to live in. Taking into account overpopulation and residency in addition to lack of land, using roves will make a good solution. This way the wasted space at the roves may turn to little alive gardens. Green roof is one of the environment technology that can cover all building with different functions. To talk about advantages of green roof one can mention the improvement in air quality (reduction of air pollution and CO2. According to all pollution made by dust and also pollution made by petrol that will jeopardize people`s life in different cities, paying attention to environmental effects and positive effects of green roves in nature is of great importance (Matin, M et al, 2014, civilica).

People who live in apartment these days, are trying to give the natural spirit and sense of nature to dead and miserable walls of buildings. He tries to unify the nature with the rough structures to create beautiful places. On the one hand, there is not enough land on earth to make it possible. Here we should use wasted spaces like roves. A green roof is an environmental technology which is formed under natural conditions and in recent years has been used in many different countries as it covers all residential, official, educational, holistically, recreational building in different parts of the city (Razavian,M, 2010, p. 137).

A green roof is the one that is covered by plants. Creating green places on the roves will have a positive effect on the city, area and the building`s climate. This is done by increasing heat capacity at the surface of the roof, the heat is stored under the roof surface and consequently it will be cooler during summer and warmer during winter. One of the solutions that is offered for conserving energy in big cities is that they should make roof garden. A roof garden or a

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