3456

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The capabilities of these bridges are not limited to their structures and their stability but they are manifested in the existing spiritual relationship between people of an age or sometimes a number of generations. At the second stage the good relationship of this bridge with nature and creation of a beautiful landscape with a human involvement has caused that even those people who have not noticed the conceptual aspect of the issue, seeing this beautiful combined scene would find themselves drowned in the visions and dreams. Formation of the bridge is based upon the topography of the area and the bridge structure which follows its shape is among its conceptual potentials and the rhythmic walls resulting from the repeated

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arches alongside each other are among the influential factors in inducing the conceptual axis (Table 3).

Table 3 Conceptual potential of the North bridges, Gadook-Shirgah route, Savadkooh region (Writers)

Sourkh abad bridge

Dowgel

bridge

Orim bridge

Se khat tela bridge

Shourab

bridge

Kalantari

bridge

Bridge 229 – beam14

Bridge23 0-Beam 8

Bridge23

4-Beam1

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End of Table 3

Name of

Perception se-

the Structural system Name of the stations Structural system quence

stations

Bridge24

7-Beam7

Bridge26

8-

Beam16

Bridge27

6-beam4

Bridge27 6- beam17

Bridge27

8-beam8

Stations of the North railway. When constructing the North railway, based on the previous foreseen plans, it was necessary to simultaneously construct a number of buildings alongside the route, including the stations, repair factories, special residential units for the employees, residential houses for workers, commodity warehouses, fuel and Mazut warehouses etc. It was attempted to consider and apply the special architecture of the region and special care was taken for their strength and aesthetics issues. Buildings of the North railway are often made with a simple and novel western style, with respect to their time of construction, and that has been a major factor in attracting tourists. Design of the station buildings and residential houses was influenced by the local climate conditions and in proportion with the region's whether. Buildings located in the humid areas have high roofs with the tile cover or galvanized iron (Mokameli, 2000). Along the North railway track there are 27 constructed stations of which the two stations named Tirtash and Galoogah are closed now and there are 8 stations located along the route from Gadook to Shirgah [Figure 5].

The North railway stations are constructed during the reign of the first Pahlavi between 13151319 (according to Solar Hijra calendar) and according to the European style of 1930s which

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included buildings with a rectangular plan located at the center of an open space site, in which locations are foreseen for warm and cold food buffets, phone, cloakroom, ticket-booths and covered platform etc. and for the first and second class passengers two halls are foreseen with buffets and a beautiful court having a balcony and canopy together with a beautiful fountain. The buildings of these stations lack decorations in the facades and their roof are sloped and made of galvanized plates [Table4]. The structural system is masonry with rock and cement mortar and the roof load is transmitted through the bearing walls (cultural heritage, 2003).

Fig. 5. Name of the stations and bridges along the North railway track, at the region of Savadkooh (writers)

Table 4

Technical specifications of railway stations buildings located along

the Gadook-shirgah route –– Savadkooh region (Cultural heritage, 1382)

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With respect to the conceptual potential present in the North railway set, entering the site one could observe the conceptual factors such as the balance and visual strength. The presence of

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balance and rhythmic walls in the façade also are among the influential factors in inducing visual strength and sense of motion in it (Table 5).

Table 5

Conceptual potential of Railway stations, Gadook-Shirgah routeSavadkooh region (writers)

Conclusion

The importance of historical and cultural heritage of each country and the tendency toward preserving it for the people of that territory depends upon many components. These components include attributes of physical, biological and humane assessments and also scenes and landscapes along the North railway track. During the end of Ajar reign and emergence of Re-

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za Shah Pahlavi we witnessed a period of modernization in Iran where buildings and structures were built similar to the western style and colors. Then we witnessed construction of the North railway track which was similar to Semmering railway track in Austria, among the similarities we could refer to passage of the railway track from the forested and mountainous areas with beautiful sceneries. Also it has similarities in terms of structures used there including the arch bridges and embowed arches. Among the important points we could mention the stations and tourism houses of Semmering railway which are yellow in color with sloped roofs just as are the stations in the North railway which are built similar to the western style, but during repair works their old original color has been wasted away and the white cement with washed sand ingredient has replaced it (Figure 6).

Fig. 6. Percentages of tourism components

The North railway in the veresk region has beautiful scenery with various landscapes and views along its track. Meanwhile the special topography of the region has created various climates and formed different zones. Differences in the land topography such as the slope, direction and height have affected the quality of the land. Visual assessment of the North railway along its track is performed for the mountainous section which provides visual inspection of the surroundings and understanding of the natural reinstatement system and construction. The Veresk historical-natural set is one of the unique tourism attractions both from the viewpoint of possessing valuable natural heritage and also possessing modern architectural heritage. One of the most important features of this is the great interaction between remained monuments from the Iran's industrial heritage era and the fresh natural sceneries (Figure 7). Based on the studies conducted in this respect, the valuable sets for realization of the idea of conflation of natural architecture with the industrial architecture are (Table 6).

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Fig. 7. Zoning of the stations and bridges of Veresk region (writers)

Table 6

Tourism zones of Veresk region (writers)

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Based on the tourism zones of Veresk region the following results are obtained:

1 –– The North railway track due to being located in a special geographical situation and the natural environment possesses special conditions.

2 –– These features have caused that the tourists establish a unique relationship with the nature.

3 –– The architecture of stations and railway bridges of the North railway has well noticed the limitations due to the special geographical status of the region and in combination of them has provided the best space for tourists.

4 –– These investigations reveal that the condition of stations and railway bridges of the North railway is so that it possesses one or more conditions to be registered on the world heritage list.

5 –– The track of North railway could also be sited on this list as a cultural landscape.

References

1.Bemanian Mohammadreza, Ansari Mojtaba, Almasifar Nina. Regeneration of Takhte soleiman cultural landscape with emphasize on recreational approaches and preservation of the cultural heritage, ICOMOS. Urban Management Publication, 2010, no. 26, pp. 7––26.

2.Bonyadi Naser. Evolution in the concept of urban repair. The City identity publication, 2012, year 6, no. 10, pp. 67––78.

3.Clark Justine. Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage: Opportunities & Challenges. Published by the Heritage Council of Victoria. Melbourne, 2013, p. 11.

4.Cultural heritage and tourism administration of Mazandaran province. Registration dossier of cultural heritage, 2006.

5.Cultural Heritage Organization, Cultural heritage administration of Mazandaran province, research unitrevival unit, 2003.

6.Danshjoo K. Mirhosseini, S. M. & Mahdavinejad M.. An Interoction to the naturakism in examples of contemporary Iranian architecture, 2015, pp. 89––90.

7.Ehteshami Manoochehr. Railway in Iran-What I know from Iran? Tehran: Office of cultural research, 2003, p. 114.

8.Habibi Mohsen, Maghsoodi Malihe. Urban repair: definitions, theories, experiences, charters and world resolutions, urban methods and actions. Tehran; Tehran University Publication, Third edition, 2007, p. 220.

9.Hanachi Pirooz, Fadaei nezhad Somayyeh. Formulation of conceptual framework of integrated protection and regeneration in the cultural-historical texures. Fine Arts Publication, 2011, no. 46, pp. 15––26.

10.Hedayati Hossein, Formi Hamidreza. Bridges and Tunnels. North railway Administration, 2016, pp. 66.

11.ICOMOS. a Preservation Charter for the Historic Towns and Areas of the U.S; US, Icomos, 1992.

12.ICOMOS. International Cultural Tourism charter; Mexico, Icomos, 1999.

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