Listening Challenge

U n it 1

Response discuss land big partisan monarchy embarrassed pushing bring correct budget overtook complex end admit

Ex. 4

Felt handy ultimate belong bull exists horrible act booklet represents vigorous beloved undertook

Ex. 10

1.The dog didn't chase the cat.

2.The dog is chasing the cat.

3.Has the cat been chased by the dog?

4.Does the cat chase the dog?

5.The cat wouldn't be chased by the dog.

6.The dog won't chase the cat.

7.Is the cat chased by the dog?

8.Wouldn't the cat have been chased by the dog?

9.The cat wasn't chased by the dog.

10.Had the cat been chased by the dog before Icame?

11.The cat hasn't been chasing the dog.

12.Will the cat have been chased by the dog?

13.The cat hasn't been chased by the dog.

14.Won't the dog have been chasing the cat?

15.The cat was being chased by the dog.

16.The dog had chased the cat.

17.The dog won't be chasing the cat.

18.The dog wouldn't have been chasing the cat.

19.The dog wasn't chasing the cat.

20.Will the cat be chased by the dog?

21.Isn't the cat being chased by the dog?

22.The dog would be chasing the cat.

23.The dog won't have chased the cat.

24.The dog would have chased the cat.

25.The dog had been chasing the cat.

26.Will the dog have chased the cat?

Ex. 12

Two days after our wedding in Chicago, Les and I were nestled into a cottage, surrounded by

towering pines along the picturesque Oregon coast. A few miles to the south were the famous coastal sand dunes where we planned to ride horses later that week; And to the north was a quaint harbour village where we thought we might spend another day leisurely looking at shops and eating dinner by candlelight in a rustic inn. Other than that, we had nothing on our itinerary for the next five days except enjoying the beach and each other, rain or shine.

Neither of us could have dreamed up a more wonderful scenario. Not that everything was perfect. For instance, we locked ourselves out of our rental car the day after we arrived. When Les realized the keys were in the ignition and the doors were locked, he took his first stab at being an everything's-under-control husband. «You stay here in the cabin,» he told me. «I'm going to walk to that

filling station on the main road and get some help».

«I want to go with you», Iresponded. «Are you sure? It might rain». «It'll be fun. Let's go».

We walked and talked the two or three miles to find a pay phone where we made arrangements

for a locksmith to pick us up and take us back to our car. Sitting on a curb, we waited, saying nothing, while a couple of seagulls chatted overhead. Les was fiddling with a stick he'd picked up on our walk when I realized several minutes had passed and neither of us had said a word. It was an easy stillness, however, a kind of eloquent silence where we were content, comfortable, not talking.

That's when the thought hit me; I had captured true love. Les and I had dated for nearly seven years before we got married, so this wasn't the dizzying, starry-eyed love of a new relationship. The love I'm talking about was clear-eyed and grounded. I had married a man who loved me deeply, just as I loved him. This was reality and I was simply taking it in, relishing the silence and stillness of having no

other purpose than that of being together. We had created a marriage. And it was good. So good, in fact, that we could practically live on it. And we did, for a time.

U n it 2

Easy unlawful art surface include field afford harbouring diverse food succeeded law bizarre disturbance concluded

Ex. 4

Advanced mean parliament course choose procedure determine gloomy fever amorphous nervous partnership supervise knees sore

Ex. 7

Ex. 12

Room m ate: friend or foe?

Ah, roommates! They can be the best of friends or the worst of enemies. Just ask. anybody who has lived in a dormitory or shared an apartment.

For evidence, tune in sometime to MTV's Real World, a 'cinema verite' experiment in which a handful of twenty-somethings are thrown together in an apartment so that their every move can be recorded on videotape. For almost four seasons, the show rolled along merrily. That is, until Puck a San Francisco bike messenger who specializes in being filthy, crude and obnoxious, came to live at the Real World house.

So bad was Puck who likes to shoot «snot rockets» and eat peanut butter out of a jar with his hands that his Real World roommates voted to kick him out!

If Puck sounds like the roommate from hell, stand back. During the beginning of almost any semester or term on any particular campus, roommates can be an especially touchy subject. After even just a few days together in a small dorm room or apartment, some college students find out that their roommates are not altogether normal.

For Elaine, living with her college roommate was an adventure. As a sophomore at Florida State University, Elaine signed up to live in an off-campus private dormitory. Students filled out questionnaires about their lifestyles and habits, and the staff tried to match compatible roommates.

It didn't work.

«I had a college roommate who was a beauty queen who sang opera in the shower, and our flatmates raised rabbits!» says Elaine.

Elaine, a graphic arts major, had been paired with a music therapy major. «We were a study in opposites,» Elaine said. «She used to parade around the room, wearing her tiara, doing her vocal exercises. Or she would sing opera in the shower every morning at 5:30 a.m.» She was a morning person. Elaine (who was not) frequently stayed up till 3 a.m., working on projects for graphic arts classes. After that experience Elaine had had it with roommates. «I never lived with anyone else,» she said, «until Igot married.»

Ex. 14

JACK AND THE BEANSTALK

Once upon a time there was a poor widow who lived with her son Jack in a little house. Their wealth consisted solely of a milking cow. When the cow had grown too old, the mother sent Jack to sell it. On his way to the market, the boy met a stranger.

«I will give you five magic beans for your cow,» the stranger offered. Jack was unsure and hesitated for a while but then, enticed by the idea of such an extraordinary deal, he decided to accept. When he returned home, his mother was furious and reprimanded him sternly:

«You fool! What have you done? We needed the money to buy a calf. Now we don't have anything and we are even poorer.» Jack felt guilty and sad.

«Only a fool would exchange a cow for five beans,» his mother fumed.

Then, at the height of her exasperation, she threw the five beans out of the window and sent Jack to bed with no dinner.

The morning after, when he stepped outside, Jack saw an amazing sight. A gigantic beanstalk, reaching far into the clouds, had grown overnight.

«The beans must have really been magic,» Jack thought happily. Being very curious, the boy climbed the plant and once he reached the top of the stalk he found himself on top of the clouds.

While looking around in amazement, Jack saw a huge castle of grey stone.

«I wonder who lives there,» he thought. Jack was very surprised to see a path leading to the castle. He cautiously stepped on the clouds and, when he saw that they held him up, he walked to the castle. As he stood in front of the huge gate, his curiosity increased. He knocked several times on the gigantic door, but no one came to open it. Jack noticed that the door wasn't locked. With great effort, he was able to push it until it creaked open.

«What are you doing here?» a thundering voice asked. The biggest woman he had ever seen was scowling at him. Jack could only mutter:

«I am lost. May I have something to eat? I am very hungry.» The woman, who did not have children, looked at him a little more kindly: «Come in, quick. I will give you a bowl of milk. But be careful because my husband, the ogre, eats children. If you hear him coming, hide at once.»

Jack was shaking with fear but, nonetheless, he went inside. The milk the woman gave him was very good and Jack had almost finished drinking it when they heard a tremendous noise. The ogre was home.

«Fee fl fo fuml Ismell the blood of an Englishman!» the ogre shouted. «Hide, quick!» the woman whispered, pushing Jack into the oven.

«Do I smell a child in this room?» the ogre asked suspiciously, sniffling and looking all around. «А child?» the woman repeated. «You see and hear children everywhere. That's all you ever

think about. Sit down and I'll make your dinner.» The ogre, still grumbling, filled a jug with wine and drank it all with his dinner.

After having counted again and again all the gold pieces of his treasure, the ogre fell asleep with his feet propped up on the table. After a little while, his thundering snoring echoed throughout the castle. The ogre's wife went to prepare the ogre's bed and Jack, who had sneaked out ot the oven, saw the gold pieces on the table and filled a little bag full of them.

«I hope he won't see me, otherwise he'll eat me whole, Jack thought while shivering with fear. Jack's heart was beating faster, not just faster because he feared the ogre but because he was very excited. Thanks to all the gold coins, he and his mother would be rich. Jack ran down the path over the clouds.

Jack arrived at the top of the giant beanstalk and began to descend as quickly as possible, hanging onto the leaves and the branches. When he finally reached the ground, he found his mother waiting for him. The poor woman had been worried sick since his disappearance. She had been frightened by the giant beanstalk. When she saw Jack come down and then triumphantly hold up the bag full of gold, she burst out crying:

«Where have you been, my son? Do you want me to die worrying? What kind of plant is this? What ... » Jack cheerfully interrupted her, emptying the contents of the bag before her.

«You see, I did the right thing exchanging that cow for the magic beans. Now I'll tell you the whole story

And Jack told his mother everything that had happened in detail. In the days that followed, the widow's humble house was made into a comfortable home. The gold pieces were spent to buy a lot of things Jack and his mother had never had before. Mother and son were very happy. But as time went by, so did the money. When the last gold piece had been spent, Jack decided to go back to the castle above the clouds. This time the boy went inside through the kitchen and hid once again in the oven. Shortly after, the ogre came in and began to sniff about.

«I smell children,» he said to his wife. But since she had seen no one come in, she didn't pay any attention to him.

After dinner, the ogre placed a hen on the table. The hen laid golden eggs. Jack saw the miraculous hen from a crack in the oven door. He waited for the ogre to fall asleep, jumped out of the oven, snatched the hen and ran out of the castle. The hen's squawking, however, woke up the ogre.

«Thief! Thief!» he shouted. But Jack was already far away. Once again, he found his mother anxiously waiting for him at the foot of the beanstalk.

«Is that all you stole? A hen?» she asked Jack, disappointed. But Jack ran, happy, to the courtyard.

«Just wait,» he said to his mother. As a matter of fact, a little while later the hen laid a golden egg and continued to lay such an egg every single day after that.

By now, Jack and his mother were very wealthy. Their house was completely rebuilt. Teams of carpenters replaced the roof, added new rooms and elegant marble columns. Then they bought paintings, tapestries, Persian rugs, mirrors and many other beautiful furnishings. Their miserable shack was transformed into a luxurious home.

Jack and his mother had not forgotten their previous years of poverty and deprivation. So they chose to welcome any traveller who needed food or shelter. But wealth doesn't always bring happiness. Jack's mother suddenly fell ill or so it seemed. But not one of the many doctors who visited her could discover what her illness was. The woman was sad, ate less and less and showed no interest in life. She rarely smiled, and then only when Jack was near to her. Her son tried to cheer her up, but nothing could save his mother from her slow but inevitable decline. Even a famous circus clown, who had been invited especially for her entertainment, received only a sad greeting.

Jack was desperate and didn't know what to do. All the hen's gold was not enough to make his mother well again. So he had another idea.

«What if I went back to the ogre's castle? Maybe there I could find the answer,» he thought. He shivered with fear thinking about the giant's huge hands and mouth, but the hope of helping his mother encouraged him to face the danger again. One evening he summoned up all his courage and climbed the giant beanstalk once more. This time he entered the castle through an open window. In the darkness he sneaked through to the kitchen and hid inside a huge pot until the following day. After dinner, the ogre went to get his magic harp, an instrument that sang and played marvellous music. While listening to the harp's sweet melody, the ogre fell asleep. In his hiding place, Jack was captivated

by the harp's song as well. When he finally heard the ogre snore loudly, he lifted the pot's lid and saw the extraordinary instrument: a golden harp.

He quickly climbed on the table and ran away with the harp in his hands. The instrument woke the ogre up by screaming:

«Master, masterl Wake upl A thief is taking me away!» The ogre woke up suddenly, was disorientated for a couple of seconds but then realized what was happening and began chasing Jack. The boy ran as fast as he could and the harp kept calling out.

«Shut upl Shut upl If you play for me, you'll be happier,» Jack kept telling it breathlessly. He finally arrived to where the leafy top of the beanstalk poked through the clouds. Jack crept along the ground and slipped down the stalk quietly. The harp did not make a sound and the ogre didn't see Jack go down the plant. When Jack got down to earth he called to his mother,

«Look what I've brought you!» The harp began to play an enchanting melody and his mother smiled happily.

But up there in the clouds someone else had heard the harp's beautiful song and Jack soon realized with terror that the thick beanstalk was shaking under a very heavy weight. The ogre was coming down to earth!

«Hide the harp and bring me an axe! I must chop down the plant before the ogre gets here,» Jack said to his mother. They could already see the ogre's huge boots when the plant and the ogre finally crashed to the ground. The ogre fell down a cliff nearby. The ogre's wife never found out what had happened to her husband and as time passed Jack no longer felt in danger.

The magical sound of the harp cured his mother's sadness and she was once again happy and

U n it 3

Ex. 2 p. 59

Liquid sterling abrupt exams woollen aesthetic answering caravan boring overlooked predecessor accompanie self-regarding communicate unforgivable

Ex. 4

Particular elite secular emerged urgency conducted disadvantage bargaining relaxed satisfaction acknowledges assaulted chorus bushes utilizes

During the winter the idea hibernated. One April day I found a shoe nearly worn out and not worth repairing. About to throw it away, I remembered Spain and the shirt. Why not make a pile of old clothes to take on holiday and throw away there? Then I'd have empty suitcases to fill with presents and bottles and come home to wardrobes so tidied that the doors actually shut.

It's now an annual habit. First the hunt in the cupboards and under the bed for the shirts, socks and towels that have seen better days - we gather just enough for the time away. Next there's the holiday and the strange thrill of watching your luggage go down each day. Then the return journey unencumbered apart from a few presents, watching other holiday-makers struggling to squeeze duty-free bottles into bags which are already full to bursting.

And when we finally get home, there's no laundry to do.

Ex. 13

Are vitamins doing us any good? Could they even be dangerous?

Every year we spend £300 million on vitamin supplements, but do they actually do us any good? Some believe they offer the promise of preventing or even curing some of the world's biggest killers, such as heart disease and cancer. Others claim that taking large doses of some vitamins may in certain cases be harmful. So what are the facts?

Vitamin C, the most popular of them all

Nearly 40 years ago, one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century and double Nobel Prize winner, Linus Pauling, revolutionised the way people thought about vitamins. He claimed that by taking huge doses of vitamin C you could prevent or even cure the common cold.

He predicted that if everybody followed his advice, the common cold could even be eradicated. Many scientists dismissed his theory as quackery, but the public loved it and it helped launch a huge industry. But the latest evidence shows the great man was mistaken. Vitamin C can help you once have got a cold, but for most people it does nothing to prevent you from catching one in the first place.

Even if large doses of vitamin C do not prevent the common cold, some claim that it can still offer a more profound benefit. It is one of a group of vitamins called anti-oxidants that some believe can prevent illnesses such as cancer, Alzheimer's and heart disease.

Too much of a good thing?

In 2004, scientists in the United States claimed that people could be missing many of the potential benefits of taking one of the world's most popular anti-oxidant vitamin supplements, vitamin E, because their bodies might not be absorbing it. But our own investigation suggested that the American scientists' conclusion could be mistaken.

While most safety experts believe that vitamins C and E can be taken safely even in quite large doses, there is worrying evidence that one form of another common vitamin, vitamin A, could be linked to osteoporosis, a debilitating bone disease.

If the theory is right it means that a person's diet, or some supplements that they take every day to improve their health, could actually be slowly and silently weakening their bones.

U n it 4

Ex. 2 p. 65

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Ex. 5

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Ex. 9

Reading can train

Reading can train the mind and train the imagination, but it matters how we read and what we read. When we read, we are literally tapping into someone else's mind. What the writer was thinking is now playing back in our brains. Here are some suggestions about how to read thoughtfully and with discernment, in a way that will build up your mind as lifting weights builds up your muscles.

To begin with, you can't get the most from reading if you turn the printed page into just another television screen. Readers should not read passively as our current media culture conditions us to do. Active reading - staying in charge of the process, interacting with the author, thinking about what is being said, critically evaluating what is going on, contemplating what it all means and sorting out the good from the bad - is vital.

What matters in a book is not just its content but its meaning and its effect. Just because there is violence in a book does not mean that it is immoral. Every plot must emerge out of a conflict, so there cannot be any story without problems or obstacles or the externalized conflict that is violence. The question to ask is, what does the violence mean? More importantly, what is the effect of the violence on me? Some depictions of violence are presented so as to evoke compassion, a very moral feeling. But some books, especially those written today, depict violence in a way that appeals to our darkest nature, dredging up perverse and twisted impulses of sadism and masochism. So here is a vital question: is violence depicted in such a way that it makes you want to commit violence against someone else, or makes you want to protect them?

Readers must also attend to what the book means, its themes and symbolism and its message. While it is generally good to read, we should watch ourselves as we read. We should be critical

readers, able to look objectively and with moral evaluation both on what we read and ourselves.