Проблемно-исследовательский проект в обучении гибкому иноязычному чт

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет»

Е.Л. Пипченко, Т.С. Серова

ПРОБЛЕМНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ В ОБУЧЕНИИ ГИБКОМУ ИНОЯЗЫЧНОМУ ЧТЕНИЮ «ПРОШЛОЕ, НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И БУДУЩЕЕ ПЕРМСКОЙ НЕФТИ»

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета

в качестве учебного пособия

Издательство Пермского национального исследовательского

политехнического университета

2016

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Предлагаемое учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с рабочей программой дисциплины «Английский язык» для бакалавров и магистрантов 1-го и 2-го курсов, обучающихся по направлению «Нефтегазовое дело». Целью данного пособия является формирование умений гибкого иноязычного профессионально ориентированного чтения (ГИПОЧ) во взаимосвязи с письмом, аудированием и говорением в процессе обучения иностранному языку.

Данная цель реализуется с помощью специально разработанных моделей гибкого чтения на основе проведения проблемно-исследовательских проектов разного типа, а именно: информационно-лингвистических, позна- вательно-информационных, коммуникативно-информационных и комму- никативно-познавательных информационных проектов. В процессе рабо-

ты над проектами решается комплекс коммуникативно-познавательных информационных и проблемных задач.

Пособие включает проблемно-исследовательский проект по теме «Прошлое, настоящее и будущее пермской нефти», комплекс текстов как информационную основу для решения проблемных вопросов проекта, ключевые слова-понятия нефтегазовой области знания, описание структуры, содержания, этапов подготовки проекта, комплекс коммуникативнопознавательных информационных проблемных задач, специально разработанных моделей гибкого чтения, алгоритма их реализации и этапов проведения проблемно-исследовательского проекта.

Выполнение комплекса проблемных задач в процессе решения глобальной проблемы проекта направлено на формирование умений гибкого иноязычного профессионально ориентированного чтения на основе его моделей, разработанных для решения каждого проблемного вопроса. Итогом проекта является представление индивидуальных результатов: тезисов с их последующей публикацией в коллективном сборнике (как продукте проекта), доклада и презентации для выступления на конференции по выбранному проблемному вопросу, «Дорожной карты» программы разработки и добычи нефти Прикамья, информационного сайта по публикациям в журнале Oil of Russia, фотоальбома с краткой справкой об истории сотрудничества компании ООО «ЛУКОЙЛ-ПЕРМЬ» с зарубежными партнерами, видеоальманаха «Дни „ЛУКОЙЛ“ в ПНИПУ» о сотрудничестве

ООО «ЛУКОЙЛ-ПЕРМЬ» с Пермским национальным исследовательским политехническим университетом.

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Решение профессионально ориентированных проблемных вопросов проекта инициирует активную мыслительную деятельность студентов, включает в активное устное и письменное речевое общение как взаимодействие с целью обмена на информационном, эмотивно-эмпатийном и интерактивном уровнях. Продвижение студентов к цели-результату проекта на основе моделей гибкого чтения в процессе выполнения проблемных задач способствует формированию умений гибкого иноязычного профессионально ориентированного чтения во взаимосвязи с письмом, аудированием и говорением.

Обучение по данному пособию осуществляется в 12 этапов, предусматривающих выполнение каждым обучающимся индивидуальной ком- муникативно-познавательной информационной проблемной задачи, в основе которой лежит модель гибкого иноязычного профессионально ориентированного чтения, реализуемая на основе алгоритма.

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I. КОМПЛЕКС ТЕКСТОВ ПО ПРОБЛЕМАМ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОГО ПРОЕКТА

«ПРОШЛОЕ, НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И БУДУЩЕЕ ПЕРМСКОЙ НЕФТИ»

Oil Industry of the Perm Region

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Introduction

The oil industry of the Region has existed since 1929. At the present moment, there are 213 oil and gas fields. 90% are small scale productions (less than15 million tons of extracted resources), share of medium and large fields is correspondingly 4.6 and 5.2% of total. The total explored oil resources 464.982 million tons, 38 billion m³ of natural gas. The commodity value of extracted resources is estimated to be approximately 7.5% of the total deposits of Kama River’s undersurface. Production and exploiting of these fields provide 75% of the total tax revenues to the Regional budget from consolidated mining companies. Quantities of deposits are estimated at approximately 600 million tons of conditional fuel, of which oil resources amount to about 380 million tons, and natural gas to about 220 billion m³ respectively.

Oil producing industry of the Perm Region has highly developed infrastructure, allowing for complete production: starting from prospective oil and gas fields and

ending with extracted hydrocarbon resource processing.

Text 1*

Discovery of the Solikamsk Potassium Deposits

1. The trailblazer of the Perm oil rush was mining engineer Pavel Preobrazhensky (1874-1944), a former Omsk government minister under [White Army leader] Admiral Kolchak, who fell into the hands of the Bolshevik tribunal and only just managed to avoid being shot as the result of a personal appeal made by writer Maxim Gorky to Lenin. Preobrazhensky’s death sentence was commuted to exile in Perm, where he began working as a geology professor at Perm University. Shortly thereafter, the Geologic Committee’s Ural Division asked him to research the archives of the former owners of Perm mining and salt plants, a group that included the businessmen Stroganov, Lazarev, and

* Тексты 1–6 см.: Alekperov V.Yu. Oil of Russia: Past, Present and Future. 1st ed. Minneapolis: East View Press, 2011.

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Ryazantsev, among others. In the archives, he found reference to a local pharmacist who, at the request of a technician from one of Nikolay Ryazantsev’s plants in Solikamsk, analyzed samples of yellow salt with bright red streaks in 1910 and discovered a considerable amount of potassium in them. Professor Preobrazhensky also studied samples of rock taken during the drilling of several brine wells and discovered samples of pink salt while examining the salt collection at the Berezniki Soda Plant, where several boreholes had been drilled. Reports from 1916 indicated that samples from the Lyudmilinskaya brine well had included sylvinite (KCI + NaCI). In addition, a 1918 analysis of brine from a Solikamsk plant revealed slightly elevated potassium content in several samples from the salt mines at Solikamsk and Usolye. Preobrazhensky also noticed that the Perm salt had a slight light-blue and yellow tint and a bitter taste. All of these factors gave him reason to conclude that this region had prospects for potassium. Based on an analysis of the materials he had collected, as well as the research of well-known scientist Nikolay Kurnakov (1860-1941), Preobrazhensky presented a report to the Geologic Committee’s Ural Division on the Solikamsk region’s prospects for potassium salts and proposed a plan for exploration drilling.

2.Soviet agriculture was in dire need of vast amounts of potash fertilizers at the time and had been relying on imports from Germany, and so the Geologic Committee as well as the VSNKh paid close attention to Professor Preobrazhensky’s report and were very hopeful about reported prospects. That same year, Preobrazhensky was promoted to the position of senior geologist in the nonmetallic minerals exploration department of the Geologic Committee’s Leningrad Division.

3.On the basis of his preliminary work in the Kama River Valley and with the Geologic Committee’s permission, Preobrazhensky began planning and preparing an expedition. Even in those difficult times, sufficient funds were found to organize a geologic expedition to prospect for potassium in the Solikamsk region. The professor decided to conduct exploratory drilling near the former salt mines and began prospecting in spring 1925. He managed to acquire a Calyx drilling rig, brought in a mobile steam power plant from Leningrad, and transported the required drilling equipment and tools from the Caucasus and Urals. One of his major challenges was determining where to drill the first well. After analyzing all the geologic data, Preobrazhensky selected an area just outside the city of Solikamsk, on the shore of the Usolki Creek, which fed into the Kama River. Drilling of the first well began in early September 1925. On the night of October 5, the well hit a thick mass of potassium salt (secondary sylvinite with KCI content of 17.9%) at a depth of 301-303 feet. Well 2, which was located about a mile to the west, revealed a potassium deposit more than 360 feet thick. Thereafter, large potassium deposits were discovered in all the wells drilled in 1926, eventually culminating

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in the opening of the famed Verkhnekamsk potassium salt field. Preobrazhensky later said that drilling produced “stunning results”. The 19 wells drilled in Solikamsk and Berezniki all revealed thick layers of carnallite and sylvinite.

Text 2

The First Permian Oil

1. In an effort to delineate the boundaries of the new field more clearly, Preobrazhensky decided to drill the 20th well in an area near Verkhnechusovskiye Gorodki [Upper Chusovaya River Settlements], where table salt had been produced since the time of the Stroganovs. On October 18, 1928, the crew of drilling expert Prokopy Pozdnyakov began drilling a well on the shore of the Rassoshka River. Core drilling was used for much of the work, with retrieval of rock cores to the surface. At a depth of 509 feet, rocks were drilled that could have contained potassium salt, but no

signs of the salt could be found in the well. Preobrazhensky nevertheless insisted work be continued, and on March 30, 1929, a column of cracked rocks was brought to the surface from a depth of 1076-1086 feet containing traces of petroleum and escaping gas. On April 16, oil-

covered rock was raised from a depth of 1198-1217 feet, which was described in a drilling journal as “an exuberant film of oil with gas bubbles”. The heavy oil of the Kama Valley had made its first appearance.

2. The geologist Slyusarev delivered the first bottle of oil to the Ural Regional Economic Council in Sverdlovsk on April 26, 1929. The regional newspaper “Ural Worker” reported the news the next day in an article titled “Oil Found in Urals”. On April 28, the seventh Ural Congress of So-

viets opened in Sverdlovsk. As the Party had issued a directive at the Congress “to decisively strengthen the prominence of the Urals and make it one of the

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