Careers in the mining indastry

Activities

1. Прочитайте текст и выделите все слова и словосочетания,

отражающие тему «Petroleum Engineering».

2. Прочитайте текст и выпишите из каждого абзаца слова,

передающие основное содержание.

3.Прочитайте текст и дайте заголовок каждому абзацу. Используя заголовки в качестве плана, выступите с устным сообщением.

4.Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих выражений: технология добычи нефти, спрос на нефть, темпы производства, новейшая технология,

нефтепереработка и сбыт нефти, эксплуатация скважины, геофизические исследования скважин, контроль параметров пласта, неочищенная нефть,

коллектор углеводородов, механизированная эксплуатация, проектирование скважин.

5.Попросите партнера ответить на ваши вопросы:

1.Why is the demand for petroleum engineers increasing in the world today?

2.What are the advantages of the use of cutting-edge technology?

3.What does petroleum engineering deal with?

4.What activities does the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry involve?

5.What is the downstream sector referred to?

6.What do petroleum geology and petroleum engineering intend for?

7.What does petroleum geology concentrate on?

8.What is the main task of petroleum engineering?

9.What aim does cooperation of petroleum engineers and geologists pursue?

10.What knowledge does petroleum engineering require?

6.Прочитайте текст и найдите абзац, в котором описывается взаимосвязь двух отраслей горной промышленности. Назовите эти отрасли. В чем наблюдается их сходство, а в чем различие?

7.Прочитайте текст и приведите аргументы, доказывающие большую потребность современного общества в инженерах-нефтяниках.

Выпишите слова, передающие значение увеличения ( роста).

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4.2. Petroleum Engineers: Job Description and Activities

Petroleum engineers apply technical skills and knowledge to solve engineering challenges. They function as integrators, connecting subsurface and topside engineering activities to bring oil or gas from the reservoir to the surface. They play a crucial role in turning underground reserves of hydrocarbons (oil and gas) into marketable products. They aim to do this economically, safely and with minimum damage to the reservoir and facilities.

Petroleum engineers work together with geologists and other engineers to determine the best methods of developing the reservoir field. Detailed research is involved in determining which formation or formations store the petroleum and what rock composition is present. As soon as the target formation is decided, the appropriate drilling methods are determined and the petroleum engineer is responsible for the monitoring of these drilling and completion operations. Also, petroleum engineers design new equipment and procedures to economically produce as much of the petroleum reserves as possible. In new fields, where there are no benchmarks, petroleum engineers imitate the performance of wells using computer simulators to determine which model proves to be most profitable.

Petroleum engineers determine the most economic and efficient production/ development method that will increase recovery while lowering the costs. Wells that are drilled and are flowing only produce so long by themselves. Once production has dropped to a certain level, depending on the company, secondary enhanced recovery methods are designed and implemented on the well to optimize production. Secondary recovery methods include hydraulically fracturing the formation, installing artificial lift systems, and the injection of water, steam, gas, or chemicals into offset wells of the producing well in a strategic pattern.

Petroleum engineers work in a number of roles within the oil and gas industry. Those working in exploration are involved in the detection of underground deposits of oil and gas. In the production area, petroleum engineers monitor and model the flow of oil and gas in order to maximise its flow. Working for a service company means you will be involved in such tasks as computer

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modelling of the flow of fluids. Those working for government may be involved in policy development and ensuring that oil and gas companies are complying with government regulations.

Typical work activities of petroleum engineer include:

liaising with geoscientists, production and reservoir engineers, and commercial managers in interpreting well-logging results and predicting production potential;

compiling detailed development plans of reservoir performance using mathematical models to ensure maximum economic recovery;

selecting optimal tubing size and the variety of suitable equipment within the well for different functions;

designing the completion - the part of the well that communicates with the reservoir rock and fluids;

designing systems that help the well to flow, for example using submersible pumps;

managing problems of fluid behaviour and production chemistry;

evaluating and recommending flow rate enhancement by using, for example, hydraulic fracturing (to force fluid into a well and fracture the rock) and acid treatment (to erode the rock and improve flow path);

managing and controlling wells with branches at the bottom (horizontal and multilateral wells);

using well and reservoir surveillance data to manage the value of the reservoir and decide on appropriate engineering interventions;

understanding and managing how a set of wells interact;

managing contractor relationships in relation to health, safety and environmental performance;

supervising well-site operations personnel and managing staff at all levels, including the training and supervision of crew members, to ensure that everyone works as a team in order to meet deadlines to clients' satisfaction;

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liaising with separate departments to ensure correct progress with projects;

taking responsibility for the maintenance of equipment;

liaising with clients to keep them informed of progress.

Activities

1.Прочитайте текст и скажите, почему у него такой заголовок.

2.Прочитайте текст и выпишите выражения, в состав которых входят слова engineering и engineer.

3.Прочитайте текст и выпишите все слова и словосочетания,

описывающие деятельность инженеров-нефтяников.

4. Найдите соответствия английских и русских выражений:

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5. Прочитайте текст и скажите, с какими специалистами газо-

нефтяной отрасли работают вместе инженеры-нефтяники. В чем заключается необходимость совместной работы?

6. Прочитайте текст и сообщите, где могут работать инженеры-

нефтяники и какие задачи они выполняют в зависимости от места работы.

7.Ответьте на вопросы:

1.What tasks do petroleum engineers perform?

2.What is their main responsibility?

3.What requirements must be met to turn hydrocarbons into marketable products?

4.Why do petroleum engineers work with other mining specialists?

5.What research do they carry out?

6.What operations are petroleum engineers responsible for?

7.What activities are involved to produce oil economically?

8.What are wells computer simulations used for?

9.What is the aim of the most efficient production of oil?

10.What measures are taken to enhance oil recovery?

11.What methods optimize secondary production of a well?

12.What areas can petroleum engineers work in?

13.What are petroleum engineers responsible for in exploration? 14.What tasks do petroleum engineers perform for service companies?

15.What are the responsibilities of petroleum engineers hired by governments? 16.What are the plans of reservoir performance aimed at?

17.What do joint efforts of petroleum engineers, production and reservoir engineers intend for?

18.What are the submersible pumps used for?

19.What does hydraulic fracturing stimulate? 20.What is the value of the reservoir based on? 21.What does supervising of managing staff involve?

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8. Прочитайте ответы, полученные в ходе интервью с инженером-

нефтяником компании BG Group. Распределите представленные ниже вопросы в тексте интервью на основании содержания ответов.

Предварительно ознакомьтесь с краткой информацией о компании.

Stuart Howitt works for the BG Group and is based at the company's headquarters in Reading. He is a petroleum engineer in the company's exploration and production division. BG Group is a leading player in the global energy market, focusing on understanding, building and supplying natural gas markets around the world.

a)How did you get into the industry?

b)What do you enjoy most about your job?

c)What are you currently working on?

d)Any tips for new entrants?

e)What training opportunities have you had since joining the company?

f)What would be in your list of attributes for this work?

g)Describe your job

h)What's been your biggest challenge so far?

i)What's for the future?

1___________________________________________________________?

In simple terms, I'm concerned with getting a product from the bottom of the well to the top in the most effective way, and predicting and responding to engineering challenges to guarantee optimum performance.

I work between the reservoir engineers, who focus on getting the product from the subsurface to the bottom of the well, and the process engineers, who deal with the surface facilities.

2___________________________________________________________?

As a new employee, I'm currently working on an ongoing project examining the company's well stocks around the world, gathering information and using sophisticated computer packages to model different scenarios.

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I'm employed at the company's headquarters in «skillcentre» activities, supporting our assets around the world. For example, our operation in Kazakhstan may ask how many wells are needed to flow to fulfill a contract for a certain rate of gas production. We then work on that problem, using computer modelling and other calculations to reach a solution, and advise them.

3______________________________________________________________?

analytical ability;

drive and enthusiasm;

confidence to work efficiently with others in a team;

a good grasp of physics, chemistry and geology;

a willingness to tackle engineering challenges;

knowledge of computer tools and the physical phenomenon they are trying to model, as well as knowing where and when to apply them.

4______________________________________________________________?

I completed a BSc in Geology at Southampton University and worked first in Australia and New Zealand as a mudlogger. That involves collecting and analysing samples from the drilling process so I know exactly what it's like to be drilling on the well floor complete with mud, oil and bad weather!

I worked closely with engineers, became fascinated with the challenges of exploration, and decided petroleum engineering was for me. A colleague recommended an MSc course in Petroleum Engineering at Heriot-Watt University. The course and volume of work was very tough, but I learned a lot and emerged from the course with a distinction.

After that, I joined a company that make software tools for the industry, but it wasn't for me. With BG Group I know I'm in the right job and with the right company. I can see a route of advancement and excellent opportunities to learn and contribute.

5___________________________________________________________?

New entrants join the company on either the graduate training programme or, as an 'experienced hire', with a few years' experience of the industry. Both schemes offer comparable opportunities for structured training, with a mix of formal courses and training on-the-job.

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In this first year, I'm working as a production technologist, and later I'll work as a reservoir engineer, with exposure to other disciplines in geology, geophysics, drilling, etc.

Next week I'm accompanying a colleague on a trip to Bolivia. My role will be primarily to observe and learn. Later in the year, there's a possibility of another trip abroad to India.

6___________________________________________________________?

I need to improve my maths skills with an A-level maths course to fit in around work. I'm also doing a considerable amount of reading in my spare time to familiarise myself with the company's activities.

7___________________________________________________________?

I really enjoy the diversity of the work, the challenge of working to demanding deadlines, and the opportunity to work in a dynamic environment with enthusiastic people. At the moment, the days are flying by! Some aspects of corporate governance, however, are unfamiliar and detract slightly from my engineering enthusiasms, but on the whole I'm very happy with my job and feel at home here.

8___________________________________________________________?

BG Group is a comparatively small outfit. However, the upside of that is the opportunity for early responsibility and to feel you're making a real contribution to the business. It's a close-knit environment with plenty of support to realise ambitions.

9___________________________________________________________?

Ideally, a background in mechanical or chemical engineering is preferable for this work. And make sure your maths skills are up to speed. In my experience, you'll certainly need them!

9. Изучите текст интервью и выпишите глаголы, характеризующие трудовую деятельность Стюарта.

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10. Используя глаголы, выписанные в соответствии с заданием 9,

сделайте краткое сообщение о должностных обязанностях Стюарта в

компании BH Group.

11. Изучите тексты ответов и скажите, почему Стюарту нравится

его работа.

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9

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Petroleum Engineers …

Across

3)experience other cultures and make _____

4)earn lots of _____

7)are consistently gaining ______

8)explore the vast ______

9)have _____ while working

10)work with state-of-the-art ______

Down

1)get to ______ the world

2)have a life full of ______

5)provide energy to the ______

6)protect the ______

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