Careers in the mining indastry

8.3. Diversity in Surveying Specialities

Cadastral

Who owns what?

Where does my land end and yours begin? Cadastral Surveyors define boundaries when land is subdivided, bought or sold. They often undertake project management, design and approval processes related to land development.

If someone wants to build a new house, a cadastral surveyor will mark out the boundaries.

Engineering

Quick, I need a dam, a freeway and a penthouse …

Engineering surveyors design and develop dams, roads, freeways, high-rise and multi-storey buildings, bridges and other structures. They are involved in all stages of construction, including rainfall run-off and retention basin design, engineering drainage design and project management.

Hydrographic

Getting wet

Hydrographic surveyors map the sea floor, shipping channels, waterways, ports and locate currents, shore lines and other marine features. They are usually associated with marine authorities.

When the Sydney Harbour Tunnel was designed and built, surveyors were involved in almost every stage of planning, development and construction.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Drawing the map …

GIS specialists work with the maps and coordinate systems which form the basis of an organisation's Geographic Information System (GIS). These systems help management make decisions. Futuristic in-car navigation systems, using electronic maps, are expected to become widespread. Expect increased demand for electronic map products and the surveyors who draft them.

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Photogrammetry

A birds-eye view

Photogrammetrists extract spatial information from aerial or terrestrial photographs and from digital imaging systems, using satellite and airborne sensors.

Aerial photogrammetry is currently the major method of producing base maps and topographic maps and also has applications in medical image analysis, dam and mine deformation surveys and structural analysis of bridges.

Remote Sensing

Hit the remote – from a satellite

Satellites can warn of emerging environmental problems, like a pollution plume in an estuary. A surveyor skilled in remote sensing uses digital data from highresolution satellites and airborne imaging systems to monitor changes on the earth‘s surface.

Australian remote-sensing surveyors work around the world in forestry, agriculture and water resource management, and monitor global change.

Geodesy

Did that continent just move?

Rising sea levels, continental drift, earthquakes: surveyors are on the case. They use satellite signals, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), precise leveling and electronic distance measurements and lasers, to locate positions on the earth's surface.

This data is required for accurate mapping, coordinate reference systems, earthquake prediction, mineral exploration and to monitor phenomena such as continental drift and sea level changes.

Land Information Management

They are part of professional teams designing and implementing land information systems. These computerized systems provide accurate data on all aspects of land

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use, such as population, social and municipal services. This is vital to assess the environmental impact of development, determine policy and land use.

Forensics

On the trail of a killer

Crime scenes need detectives – and surveyors! During the investigation into the

«backpacker murders» in the NSW southern highlands, surveyors were called to the Belangelo State Forest after human remains were found. Surveyors offer vital information at crime scenes.

Archeological

Surveying the past

Surveyors define the parameters of an archaeological search area and decipher other data for archaeologists, including satellite data.

Mining

Going underground

Mining surveyors design and measure mines, tunnels and other underground and surface works.

Activities

1. Выпишите из приведенных ниже тезисов глагольные выражения,

отражающие деятельность маркшейдера в зависимости от того,

работает он в шахте или в области геологоразведки.

…………………………………………. ………………………………………….

…………………………………………. ………………………………………….

…………………………………………. ………………………………………….

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A.Mining surveyors are technicians who carry out various tasks to assist the geologists and the mining engineers in an underground or open-pit mine.

B.They may also survey town cities, claims, infrastructure, etc.

C.The surveyor may assist with exploration programs in laying out survey grids, drill hole locations, claim boundaries, etc.

D.An operating mine is a site on which the configuration of the ground constantly changes as material is excavated. The engineers and geologists need to have maps and topography constantly updated with the changes. Surveyors go out into the pit or underground on a shift by shift basis to take measurements to provide updates on mining progress.

2. Изучите информацию, представленную в таблице, и скажите,

какими, на ваш взгляд, личностными и профессиональными качествами должны обладать все указанные специалисты-маркшейдеры. Обоснуйте свой выбор.

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and regulations

check the accuracy of information gathered using complex mathematical computations

study physical evidence, notes, maps, deeds, or other records to find information needed to conduct the survey

coordinate their findings with the work of engineers, architects, clients and others

develop criteria for the design and modification of instruments used in their work

accept challenges (such as variety of working conditions, some severe) with patience, flexibility, adaptability and fortitude.

3.Как вы думаете, какое оборудование, представленное в списке,

используют в работе различные специалисты-маркшейдеры? Приведите аргументы, доказывающие вашу точку зрения.

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Land Information Management t) Hand-held programmable calculators

u)Theodolites (optical & electronic) transits

8.4. Building Surveying

Building Surveying emerged as a profession in the United Kingdom.

«London's burning, London's burning», a song most people relate back to their childhood, was written about the Great Fire of London in 1666. After the Great Fire, a government authority was established to survey the damage caused and to create fire separations between houses. This event clearly established the need for professional building surveyors.

Ensuring that buildings are fire-safe, remains an important role of a building surveyor, who also approves applications to build, and monitors every aspect of the construction process. When construction is completed, a building surveyor checks that the building conforms to the approved plans and specifications. Building surveyors ensure that building plans and documentation comply with the building legislation and codes set by Government. Without someone enforcing these standards, the built environment could be potentially hazardous. Building surveyors also advise on many aspects of construction including: design, maintenance, repair, refurbishment, restoration.

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Activity

1.Прочитайте текст и скажите, что является его темой. Какую роль играет заголовок для раскрытия темы текста?

2.Выпишите слова и словосочетания, характеризующие понятие

Building Surveying.

3.Сделайте краткое сообщение о том, когда и при каких обстоятельствах возникла потребность в специалиста-маркшейдерах в сфере строительства.

4.Прочитайте статью о профессиональных достижениях Стива Джонса и заполните нижеприведенную таблицу соответствующими фактами из его биографии.

«As a building surveyor, it's my job to make sure that the plans and construction of new commercial or residential buildings comply with the Building Code of Australia. It's all about ensuring a safe built environment»,' says City of Stirling, Building Surveyor, Steve Jones.

Steve has been involved in building and construction since he was 16 years old. He got his first taste of the industry in the Northern Territory, undertaking an apprenticeship in carpentry and joinery. He went on to successfully complete a

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Certificate in Building Inspecting, a Certificate in Builders Administration and Practice, and an Associate Diploma of Applied Science in Building and Science.

After his studies, Steve moved to Perth. He was offered employment as a building surveyor with the City of Stirling where he deals mainly with domestic residences and unit developments.

Unable to think of any major misgivings about his job, and ever the diplomat, he concedes that there is the potential for some 'less enjoyable' moments.

«'Some developers and home owners have images of their «dream home», which are not always achievable. The height of the building may be excessive, the floor levels may be elevated, or the property may be too close to the allotment boundaries».

In situations like these, Steve must refuse the application to build. While the developer has the right to appeal that decision through the Minister for Planning and Infrastructure, if Steve's judgement is upheld, it's back to the drawing board.

«You can end up shattering people dreams»,' he says, «'and people can become quite irate and upset when you do so».

«'It's times like these when you must put into play your excellent public relations skills. You must be able to deal with clients on any and every level».'

Knowledge that covers every aspect of building and construction is required to be a building surveyor. Steve recommends that if you're interested in this occupation, you should get some hands-on experience.

«'In my opinion, a trade background or at least some experience in building and construction is the way to go. You get a feel for how the industry works, and then you can go on to commit yourself to the studies required for building surveying».'

5. Коммуникативное задание.

Вы участвуете в беседе «за круглым столом». Выберите одного ученого из приведенного ниже списка и сообщите о его вкладе в развитие топографической науки. В ходе выступлений других участников задайте интересующие вас вопросы.

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Vocabulary

There are many terms and expressions unique to mining that characterize the

field and identify the user of such terms as a «mining person». The student of mining is thus advised to become familiar with all the terms used in mining, particularly those that are peculiar to mines or mining.

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